Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, autonomous prefecture of Sichuan Province, is adjacent to the Chengdu plain. The whole surface of the whole state is a typical plateau with high topography. The vertical climate is remarkable. 1 prefectures and cities, 12 counties, and 84242 square kilometers in total area, as of the end of 2019, the registered residence population in Aba Prefecture is 899 thousand and 300.

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture has world-class tourist attractions such as Jiuzhaigou, Huanglong and Wolong Siguniang mountain giant panda habitat. There are some national key cultural relics protection units, such as malkangzhuokeji chieftain official village, Songgang Zhibo Diaolou (including Qiang village Diaolou group), Songpan ancient city wall, zangtang bangtuo temple, cuoerji temple, Yingpanshan and jiangweicheng ruins, risimanba Diaolou house, ABA Red Army Long March ruins, etc.

In December 2019, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission named Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture as "national demonstration Prefecture of national unity and progress".

In 2020, the GDP of Aba Prefecture will exceed 40 billion yuan, reaching 41.175 billion yuan, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year at comparable prices.

Historical evolution

In the Warring States period, Qin Zhijian Didao (now Songpan) was established in 316 BC, and Aba Prefecture was established.

Wenshan County was established in the Western Han Dynasty.

The Jin and Sui dynasties inherited the old system and expanded it.

In Tang Dynasty, there were rise and fall when it was established, and the evolution was frequent.

Tonghua County of Maozhou and Weichuan County of Weizhou in Song Dynasty.

Yuan Dynasty is the beginning of Tusi system.

Ming Dynasty was located in Maozhou, Weizhou and songpanwei, with jurisdiction over chieftains and qianhusuo.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were Maozhou, Lipan, Songpan and MaoGong halls.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, Tingzhou was changed into a county, and then Songli Maowen Tun settlement supervision office was set up. Later, it was changed into the 16th administrative supervision district of Sichuan Province, with jurisdiction over Songpan, Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, MaoGong (jinxiaojin), Jinghua (Jinchuan) 6 counties, 65 grassland departments, 20 chieftains and 11 Tun garrison.

In January 1950, Maoxian District Commissioner Office of Western Sichuan people's administrative office was established.

In 1953, Mao County was removed and Sichuan Tibetan Autonomous Region was established.

In 1955, it was renamed Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

In 1987, it was renamed Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture governs 13 county-level administrative divisions (county-level city 1, county 12) and 176 township level administrative divisions (town 81, township 95). It covers an area of 85131 square kilometers and has a population of 930000. The people's Government of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is located at 37 Darma street, markang city.

geographical environment

Location context

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southeast margin of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, northwest of Sichuan Province, between 100 ° 0 ′ - 104 ° 7 ′ E and 30 ° 5 ′ - 34 ° 9 ′ n. It borders Gansu and Qinghai in the north and northwest, Mianyang, Deyang and Chengdu in the East and Southeast, Ya'an in the South and southwest, and Ganzi Prefecture in the West. It is 414 kilometers long from north to South and 360 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of 84242 square kilometers.

topographic features

The strata in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture are exposed and separated by Longmenshan ancient land and ancient Bay, forming two stratigraphic divisions. The geological structure belongs to the Western geosynclinal region of Sichuan Province, and it is also located in the Longmenshan fold fault zone, which is the step transition zone between the eastern platform region and the Western geosynclinal region. The whole surface of Quanzhou is a typical plateau with high terrain. The plateau is composed of a hilly plateau and a divided mountain top. The average altitude is between 3500 and 4000 meters. The mountains are high in the South and low in the north, the valley is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the mountains tend to be northwest to Southeast. The highest elevation of the main peak of Siguniang mountain is 6250 meters, and the horizontal distance from the exit of Minjiang River in the East is only 59 kilometers, but the height difference is 5470 meters. Plateau and mountain gorge account for about half of the whole Prefecture. Plateau includes high plain, hilly plateau and high mountain plain. Mountain canyons are mainly composed of low and middle mountain, middle mountain, high mountain, extremely high mountain and mountain plain.

climate

In Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, the vertical climate is significant, the winter is cold and long, the summer is cool in the north and warm and short in the south, most areas are connected with spring and autumn, and the dry and rainy seasons are distinct. Abundant light, large temperature difference between day and night, short frost free period. In winter and spring, the air is dry, there are many gusts of strong wind, drought, frost, snow, low temperature, heavy snow and other disastrous weather frequently. The whole Prefecture belongs to plateau monsoon climate, which is divided into three climate types: high mountain, mountain plain and high mountain valley. The average temperature of the whole Prefecture is 9.3 ℃, which is 1.1 ℃ higher than that of the same period (8.2 ℃); the average annual total precipitation is 704.9 mm, which is 6% higher than that of the same period (665.1 mm); the maximum daily precipitation occurs in malkangzhuokeji Town, which is 65.8 mm; the annual sunshine hours are 1920.5 hours, which is 3% less than that of previous years (1981.4 hours).

hydrology

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture has more than 530 rivers, which belong to Minjiang River, Jialing River, Fujiang River, Dadu River and Yellow River system. Rivers crisscross the territory. The Yellow River flows through Aba Prefecture for 165 kilometers. Minjiang River, Jialing River and Fujiang River, the main tributaries of Sichuan Province in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, all originate from Aba Prefecture.

natural resources

water resource

The main stream of Minjiang River and Dadu River, the largest tributary of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, run through the whole area. The basin has abundant water and large natural drop, which contains rich water energy resources. There are more than 530 rivers and rivers in the prefecture, with an average annual total water resources of 44.6 billion cubic meters. The theoretical hydropower reserves are 19.33 million kilowatts, accounting for 14% of the hydropower reserves in Sichuan Province; the exploitable hydropower resources are 14 million kilowatts, accounting for 11% of the hydropower reserves in Sichuan Province; the hydropower resources are characterized by large river drop, short distance from the load center, long annual power generation hours, and low unit cost of various power stations.

mineral resources

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is rich in mineral resources. 54 minerals have been found, including 12 large deposits, 10 medium deposits and 36 small deposits. The dominant minerals are gold, lithium, granite, marble, limestone for cement, peat, mineral water, garnet, peat, hot spring, etc. The proven gold reserves are 116 tons, accounting for 49% of Sichuan Province. It is distributed in malkang and Jinchuan counties, with proven reserves (ore volume) of 15.465 million tons, ranking second in Sichuan Province, with an average grade of 1-1.2%. It is characterized by concentration, shallow burial and easy mining, and the lithium ore is symbiotic with the domestic scarce niobium tantalum ore. The proven reserves of marble are 12.39 million cubic meters, accounting for 33% of Sichuan Province.

plant resources

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture has more than 1500 kinds of rare wild plant resources such as Davidia involucrata, Taxus chinensis, Cupressus funebris, Picea purpurea, etc., including 1200 kinds of medicinal plants, 70 kinds of aromatic oil plants, 37 kinds of starch plants, 80 kinds of oil plants, 79 kinds of fiber plants and 68 kinds of tannin plants. Fritillaria, Cordyceps, Taxus, astragalus, Rhodiola, Codonopsis, notopterygium, Gentiana macrophylla, rhubarb and other bulk medicinal resources are rich, known as "natural medicine library".

Animal resources

There are 553 species of vertebrate resources in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, including 116 species of mammals, 338 species of birds, 32 species of reptiles, 23 species of amphibians and 44 species of fish. There are 76 species of first and second class protected animals in the state. Among them, the first level protected animals (13 species of mammals and 10 species of birds) include 23 species, including giant panda, golden monkey, snow leopard, clouded leopard, takin, leopard, sika deer, white lipped deer, wild deer, tiger, Tibetan antelope, jade belt sea eagle, Golden Eagle, green tailed Pheasant (Fritillaria), Chinese merganser duck, spotted tailed hazel pheasant, black necked Crane, white stork, Sichuan partridge, pheasant quail, vulture, musk deer and forest musk deer The protected animals (16 species of mammals, 36 species of birds and 1 species of reptiles) include red panda, lynx, black bear, jackal, rabbit and monkey, gazelle, rock sheep, argali, water deer, Tibetan gazelle and otter.

population

By the end of 2019, 899 thousand and 300 people were registered residence in Aba Prefecture, including 457 thousand and 400 males and 441 thousand and 900 females, 535 thousand Tibetan, 167 thousand and 100 Qiang, 167 thousand and 300 Han, 28 thousand and 100 Hui, and 1 thousand and 700 ethnic groups, accounting for 59.5%, 18.6%, 18.6%, 18.6%, and 59.5% respectively. Registered residence population: 253 thousand and 500 towns and 645 thousand and 800 rural residents.

By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population of Aba Prefecture is 946000, and the urbanization rate of permanent resident population is 41.15%, 1.15 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. The birth rate was 9.52 ‰, the death rate was 4.09 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 5.43 ‰.

Economics

overview

In 2020, the GDP of Aba Prefecture will exceed 40 billion yuan, reaching 41.175 billion yuan, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year in terms of comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry will be 8.207 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5%; the added value of the secondary industry will be 9.645 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%; and the added value of the tertiary industry will be 23.323 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9%.

In 2019, the added value of private economy will be 18.087 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2%, accounting for 46.4% of GDP, 1 percentage point higher than that of the previous year, and the contribution rate to GDP growth will be 51.8%. In the private economy, the added value of the primary industry was 3.272 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5%, the added value of the secondary industry was 5.777 billion yuan, an increase of 6.3%, and the added value of the tertiary industry was 9.038 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5%. The contribution rates of the three industries of private economy to the added value of private economy are 7.4%, 37.2% and 55.4% respectively. The third industrial structure of private economy is 18.1:31.9:50.

In 2019, the consumer price (CPI) increased by 2.3% over the previous year, and the increase was 1.2% over the previous year

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng A Ba Cang Zu Qiang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou