Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

Nantong Nantong, referred to as "Tong", was formerly known as Tongzhou, also known as Jinghai, Chongzhou and Chongchuan. It is a prefecture level city in Jiangsu Province, one of the 27 cities in the central area of the Yangtze River Delta, and an economic center and modern port city in the north wing of the Yangtze River Delta approved by the State Council. As of July 2020, the city has jurisdiction over three districts, one county and three county-level cities. The total area is 8001 square kilometers. There are 7.318 million permanent residents and 4.984 million urban residents, with an urbanization rate of 67.1%.

Nantong is located in East China and the southeast of Jiangsu Province, bordering on the Yellow Sea in the East and the Yangtze River in the south. It is an important part of the Yangtze River city group, a gateway city in the north of Shanghai metropolitan area, and one of the first 14 coastal cities in China to open up to the outside world. It has the advantages of "Golden Coast" and "golden waterway". It has 226 kilometers of the Yangtze River coastline, and "according to the meeting of the river and the sea, strangle the South and North" It is known as "North Shanghai".

Nantong is a national famous historical and cultural city. It has a history of more than 1000 years since it was built in 956. In the history of modern Chinese culture, science and education, Nantong founded the first normal school, the first Folk Museum, the first textile school, the first embroidery school, the first drama school, the first blind and dumb school run by Chinese people and the first weather station, which is known as the "first city in modern China".

Nantong is the birthplace of "Nantong Phenomenon of spiritual civilization". It is one of the regions with the most advanced models of major spiritual civilization in China and Jiangsu Province. It has been rated as a national civilized city for four consecutive times, and has been selected as the National Smart City pilot and broadband China demonstration city.

By 2014, the average life expectancy of Nantong population was 80.71 years old, with 1031 centenarians. In May 2014, Nantong was awarded the world's first "longevity city" by the International Natural Medicine Association and the world longevity Township Certification Committee. In October 2018, it was awarded the first healthy China's annual logo city. In the list of China's top 100 cities in 2018, it ranks 22nd.

Historical evolution

According to the geographical changes and historical origins, Nantong today can be roughly divided into the north and the south. The northwest part of Nantong is the outer edge of Yangtai Gangdi, which was the earliest land forming area. Human beings lived and multiplied more than 5000 years ago. Today, Qingdun ruins (Qingdun Culture) and other ancient cultural relics are found. Most of the rest areas are gradually formed by the expansion of sand bars in the sea in the past 2000 years. With the migration of population and the economic development of fishing, salt and farming, administrative system at all levels has been gradually established. In the area of Hai'an and Rugao in the north of Nantong today, in the areas of Wu, Yue and Chu in the spring and autumn and Warring States periods, Ninghai and Rugao counties were set up in the seventh year of Yixi (411) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, belonging to Hailing County, which was the beginning of the establishment of counties in the north. Today, the south of Nantong was formerly known as the Tonghai area.

In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (117 BC), Linhai county was set up to govern 29 counties such as Hailing county. Today, Hai'an area is under the jurisdiction of Hailing county. During the reign of emperor an of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (397-418), Rugao, Ninghai, Putao, Linjiang and other counties were established, belonging to Guangling county. In 471, Haian County was established as Xinping county (later changed to Hailing county). The earliest county-level regime in Nantong was basically abolished in the Liang Chen period (502-589). During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the area around the city of Nantong gradually became a sandbank, known as huduozhou.

In the Tang Dynasty, huduozhou was developed. In the middle of Tang Dynasty, Hai'an County was set up separately in Hailing County, but it only existed for 14 years (708-722 years). The Tang court set up a salt Pavilion in huduozhou. Xuanzong Kaiyuan ten years (722 years) set up salt officer, belonging to Yangzhou Hailing County, under the Huainan road. In the second year of Qianfu (875), the town of Langshan was established under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Xidao Jiedu envoys. It was built for defense. Nantong had the post of restraining envoys of Langshan.

During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the state of Wu set up fengle town, Da'an Town, Chongming town and Langshan town in today's Nantong. In the Five Dynasties, the Yao family directly ruled Jinghai and Dongzhou. Yao Yanhong built the city official house, known as "Jinghai Town", which governs Langshan, fengle, Da'an and Chongming. In 952, Rugao county was rebuilt in Dongxiang of Hailing County, belonging to Taizhou. In the third year of the late Zhou Xiande (956), the Zhou army came under control, and the Yao regime controlled Dongzhou and Jinghai for about half a century. At the beginning of the fifth year of Xiande (958), Zhou army went south to conquer Jinghai in Dongxiang of Rugao and set up Jinghai Navy. Soon after, Jinghai navy was promoted to TongZhou (now Nantong City), and Jinghai and Haimen counties were set up under the jurisdiction of Tongzhou. Jinghai was under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou, which was the beginning of Tongzhou.

In the first year of Tiansheng of Song Dynasty (1023), Tongzhou was renamed Chongzhou, also known as Chongchuan. It belongs to Huainan East Road and leads Jinghai and Haimen counties. In 1117, Tongzhou was once called Jinghai County.

In 1278, Tongzhou was upgraded to TongZhou road; in 1285, Tongzhou was restored to Yangzhou Road, leading Jinghai and Haimen counties. Chongming County once belonged to TongZhou for a short time, and then to Suzhou.

In 1369, Jinghai County was abolished and incorporated into Tongzhou, where Chongming County was increased. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Chongming County was changed into Suzhou Prefecture, and TongZhou still led Haimen county.

In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass. In July of the next year, he went south to occupy Tongzhou. In the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), Haimen abandoned the county as a township and merged into Tongzhou. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Tongzhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, which was subordinate to the Department of Jiangsu's political envoys and led Taixing and Rugao counties. Qianlong 26 years (1761), under the Jiangning buzhengshi department. In 1768, the Haimen Zhili hall was set up in the 19th sand of the cutting Tongzhou, the 11th sand of the Chongming and the newly rising Tiannan. On September 18 (November 8, 1911), in response to the Wuchang Uprising, the officials and gentry of Tongzhou declared that TongZhou was free from the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and a military government was established the next day.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the provisional provincial assembly of Jiangsu decided to abolish Tongzhou and establish a county, which was renamed Nantong county. At the same time, Haimen county is set up in the abandoned Haimen hall. On May 23, 1914, 60 counties in Jiangsu Province were divided into Jinling Road, Huhai Road, Suchang Road, Huaiyang road and Xuhai road according to the setting of provinces, roads and counties of Beiyang government. Nantong area was under the jurisdiction of Suchang road and Huhai Road, among which Nantong, Rugao, Jingjiang and Taixing counties were under the jurisdiction of Suchang Road, Haimen and Chongming counties were under the jurisdiction of huhai road.

In May 1927, the National Revolutionary Army (Northern Expedition Army) arrived in Nantong, overthrew the Nantong county magistrate Office of the Beiyang government, and established the Nantong county government of the Republic of China (Nanjing National Government), which was under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu provincial government. In March 1928, Qidong County was established independently by Waisha, which was originally Chongming County. In 1934, the office of the Commissioner of the seventh district of Jiangsu Province (later changed to the Fourth District) was set up in Nantong City, and it has jurisdiction over Nantong, Rugao, Haimen, Qidong and Chongming counties. In 1936, the seventh district of the Soviet Union was changed into the Fourth District of the Soviet Union.

During the Anti Japanese War, the Kuomintang government in Nantong, the Anti Japanese democratic regime established by the Communist Party of China, and Wang Jingwei's Pro Japanese puppet regime (i.e., Wang Jingwei's puppet "Qingxiang" office) coexisted. In March 1938, the Japanese invading army occupied Nantong City and established a puppet regime. The Kuomintang Nantong county government moved to Jinsha and beixingqiao successively, and the office of the Commissioner moved to Matang and tunggang successively. In November 1940, the new fourth army moved eastward to tongruhaiqi area, and then established the Anti Japanese democratic governments of Nantong, Rugao, Haimen and Qidong counties in accordance with the principle of "three three systems". In March 1941, the office of the Commissioner of the fourth administrative region of Central Jiangsu was established. In January 1943, under the background of the joint anti Japanese war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the office of the Commissioner of the fourth administrative region of Central Jiangsu decided to divide Dongtai County, Tai county and Rugao County into Zishi County, which is located in Hai'an town. After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, Rugao County in Rugao West Township was renamed Rugao County; Rugao County in Rugao East Township was named Rudong County. The Commissioner's office of the first administrative region of Jiangsu Anhui border region was established in December 1945, and the Commissioner's office of the ninth administrative region was established in August 1946.

During the war of liberation, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party adjusted the establishment of political power in Nantong many times. In 1948, Zishi county was renamed Hai'an County. In February 1949, the Chinese people's Liberation Army captured Nantong City, opening up the whole territory for liberation. Central China administrative office decided to divide Nantong City, Tangzha Town, tianshenggang Town, luhongzha town and suburban rural areas from the original Nantong county to establish Nantong City, which is subordinate to the ninth administrative region of Jiangsu Anhui border region (renamed as Nantong administrative region of Northern Jiangsu in May of the same year), and the administrative office is located in Nantong city. Nantong County moved to Jinsha town.

In October 1949, Nantong district was under the jurisdiction of the northern Jiangsu administrative office, with five counties including Rudong, Nantong, Haimen, Qidong, Chongming and Nantong city. In January 1950, Hai'an and Rugao counties were transferred from Taizhou Administrative Region in Northern Jiangsu to Nantong administrative region. In May of the same year, Nantong was upgraded to a municipality directly under the central government of Subei administrative office.

Since January 1953, Jiangsu Province has been restored, and Nantong city is a city under the jurisdiction of the province. At the same time, Nantong District (renamed "Nantong special district" since April 1953) has been established. In July 1978, "Nantong area" was changed to "Nantong area"). Among them, "Nantong City" governs the urban and suburban areas. Nantong district or Nantong area has jurisdiction over seven counties, namely Hai'an, Rugao, Rudong, Nantong, Haimen, Qidong and Chongming (among which Chongming County was assigned to Shanghai in November 1958).

In March 1983, the State Council decided to change Nantong area to Nantong City, and the six counties under the jurisdiction of the original regional administrative office were transferred from Nantong

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Su Sheng Nan Tong Shi