Tongren City, Guizhou Province

Tongren Tongren City, a prefecture level city in Guizhou Province, is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province and the hinterland of Wuling mountain area, adjacent to Huaihua City in Hunan Province in the East and Chongqing City in the north. It is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The whole territory is mainly mountainous, and most regions belong to the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone. It has a total area of 18003 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts, 4 counties and 4 autonomous counties, with a permanent resident population of 3168800 in 2018 .

It has a long history. In the Qin Dynasty, it was the hinterland of Qianzhong county. In the Han Dynasty, it was subordinate to Wuling county. In the Shu Han Dynasty, there was a county government. The Tang Dynasty belonged to Sizhou, Jinzhou and Qianzhou. At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, there were two xuanweisi in Sizhou and Sinan. In Yuan Dynasty, there were "Tongren Xiaojiang Manyi military and civilian chief lawsuit". In the 11th year of Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty, the xuanweisi of Sizhou and Sinan were withdrawn, and four prefectures of Tongren, Sinan, Shiqian and Wuluo were set up in the present territory, which were under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Province. Tongren is the hometown of calligraphy. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there emerged six calligraphers, Zhou Mian, Zhou Yixiang, Wang Daoxing, pan Dengyun, Yan yinliang and Yan Shizhu. There are 2 national nature reserves, 3 national scenic spots, 9 provincial scenic spots, 1 National Mine Park and 1 National karst Geopark. Shanghai Kunming railway, Shanghai Kunming expressway, Hangzhou Ruizhou expressway, Tongda Expressway and Sijian Expressway pass through the territory.

In 2018, the GDP of Tongren City was 106.652 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 9.6% based on comparable prices, of which the added value of the primary industry was 24.251 billion yuan, with a growth of 6.9%. The added value of the secondary industry was 30.155 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 52.246 billion yuan, an increase of 12.3%.

Historical evolution

Tongren has a long history, which can be traced back to the Neolithic age.

In the Qin Dynasty, it was the hinterland of Qianzhong county.

In the Han Dynasty, it was transferred to Wuling county. In the Shuhan Dynasty, there was a county government.

In the Tang Dynasty, Wan'an county was set up, and then Changfeng County was changed, belonging to Sizhou, Jinzhou and Qianzhou.

At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, there were two Xuanwei departments, namely, Sizhou and Sinan.

Tongren was formerly known as the bronze man. It is said that in the Yuan Dynasty, a fisherman dived into the bottom of the river at Tongyan and won three bronze statues. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a "lawsuit against the military and civilian officers of the barbarians of Tongren and Xiaojiang". It belongs to Sinan Xuanwei department. In the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, the xuanweisi of Sizhou and Sinan were withdrawn, and now Tongren, Sinan, Shiqian and Wuluo were set up, all of which were subordinate to the Guizhou political secretary. In the third year of Ming Dynasty (1438), Wuluo Prefecture was abolished and most of it was incorporated into Tongren Prefecture. Tongren got its name from this.

In the Qing Dynasty, the establishment of Tongren remained unchanged.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Tongren County (now Jiangkou county) was removed and incorporated into Tongren Prefecture (now Tongren City). In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Tongren Prefecture was changed to Tongren County (now Tongren City); meanwhile, Sinan Prefecture was changed to Sinan County, Shiqian prefecture to Shiqian County, and Songtao Zhili hall to Songtao county. In addition, the original Tongren County (now Jiangkou county) was renamed Jiangkou County, Anhua County was renamed Dejiang County, and Yanhe County was set up by the former Sinan Prefecture Yanhe Youxi Limu, and Shengxi county was set up by the former Tongren Prefecture provincial Ximu (now Wanshan Special Zone). Yuping county and Yinjiang county will remain unchanged. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), zhengdaying sub county was set up in the former zhengdaying County of Tongren County, which was under the jurisdiction of Songtao County; 48xi sub county (now ganlongkou) was set up in the former 48xi sub County, which was under the jurisdiction of songtiao county. In June 1935, with the approval of Xingying, chairman of the Military Commission of the national government, 11 administrative supervision areas were established in Guizhou Province. Among them, the Sixth District Commissioner's office is located in Sinan, which governs Sinan, Dejiang, Yinjiang, Yanhe, Shiqian and other counties; the Fifth District Commissioner's office is located in Tongren, which governs Tongren, Jiangkou, songtiao, Yuping, Shengxi and other counties. In January 1936, zhengdaying county was merged into Tongren County, and ganlongkou County into Songtao county. In March of the same year, the province was downsized into eight inspection districts, and the Sixth District Commissioner's office was stationed in Tongren, with jurisdiction over 13 counties including Tongren, Jiangkou, Songtao, Yuping, Shiqian, Shengxi, Sinan, Dejiang, Yinjiang, Yanhe and Houping (now Houping Township, Yanhe County). In November 1937, Dejiang and Houping counties were divided into the fifth supervision district (now Zunyi City), and the remaining nine counties were under the first supervision district (now Zhenyuan County). In 1941, Shengxi county was withdrawn and its jurisdiction was merged into Tongren and Yuping counties respectively; sahouping county was merged into Yanhe and Wuchuan counties respectively. In February 1943, six administrative supervision districts were set up in the whole province. The Sixth District Commissioner's office is located in Tongren, with jurisdiction over Tongren, Jiangkou, Yuping, Songtao, Yinjiang, Shiqian, Sinan, Dejiang and Yanhe counties.

On January 12, 1950, the whole territory of Tongren was liberated. At that time, Tongren special district was set up. The office of the commissioner was located in Tongren County, which has jurisdiction over nine counties, including Tongren, Yuping, songtiao, Jiangkou, Yinjiang, Shiqian, Sinan, Dejiang and Yanhe.

In 1952, Jiujiang Township, Xiushan County, Sichuan Province was assigned to Songtao County, Guizhou Province.

In September 1956, Songtao county was abolished and Songtao Miao Autonomous County was established.

In December 1958, Yuping and Jiangkou counties were abolished and merged into Tongren County. In August 1961, Yuping and Jiangkou counties were restored.

Wanshan Special Zone was established in December 1966, abolished in September 1968 and restored in August 1970.

In January 1979, the Tongren regional Revolutionary Committee was abolished, and the Tongren regional administrative office (hereinafter referred to as the Executive Office) was officially established as the current organizational system of the administrative agency of Guizhou Provincial People's government.

On September 7, 1983, the State Council approved the abolition of Yuping county and the establishment of Yuping Dong Autonomous County, with the original administrative region unchanged. On October 7, 1986, the State Council approved the abolition of Yanhe County and the establishment of Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County, with the original administrative region unchanged. On December 13, 1986, the State Council approved the abolition of Yinjiang county and the establishment of Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, with the original administrative region unchanged.

On August 21, 1987, the State Council approved the sale of Tongren County and the establishment of Tongren City.

On October 22, 2011, Tongren district was abolished as prefecture level Tongren City, and the former county-level Tongren City was abolished as Bijiang District, with the former county-level Tongren administrative region as the new administrative region of Bijiang district. Wanshan Special Zone was abolished and Wanshan District of Tongren City was established.

administrative division

Tongren City has 10 county-level administrative divisions (2 municipal districts, 8 counties) and 180 township level administrative divisions (37 streets, 94 towns, 49 townships). It covers an area of 18002 square kilometers and has a population of 4.26 million. Tongren Municipal People's government is located at No. 8, Huaguoshan Middle Road, Bijiang district.

geographical environment

Location context

Tongren City is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province. It is between 107 ° 45 ′ ~ 109 ° 39 ′ E and 27 ° 07 ′ ~ 29 ° 05 n. It is adjacent to Hunan Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Huaihua in the East, Zunyi in the west, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in the South and Fuling District in Chongqing in the north. It is 106 kilometers long from east to west and 210 kilometers wide from north to south. The distribution of mountains, cultivated land and rivers is generally "eight mountains, one water and one farmland". The total area is 18003 square kilometers.

topographic features

Tongren City is located in the slope of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to the hills of Western Hunan, which is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. On the original mountain surface far away from the valley, there are many karst, hills and depressions, and the ground undulation is not too big. The whole area is dominated by mountains, accounting for 67.8% of the total area of the region, followed by hills, accounting for 28.3%, and Bazi and other landforms account for only 3.9%. Wuling Mountain, with Fanjing Mountain as the main peak, has become the watershed between the East and the west of Tongren City. The highest altitude of the city is 2572 meters, and the lowest altitude is 205 meters.

The geological structure of Tongren City belongs to the southern margin of Yangtze paraplatform, and the secondary structural unit can be divided into Jiangnan uplift and upper Yangtze fold belt from east to west. The Jiangnan uplift can be divided into two secondary structural units: tongshitai sag and Fanjing uplift. The exposed strata are mainly Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Permian strata, followed by Sinian, Triassic and Paleogene strata. Located in the eastern slope of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin and hills in Western Hunan, Wuling mountains run through the middle of the area. The uplift of the dome structure with Fanjing Mountain as the center makes Wuling mountains (including 2572m, 1523m and 1869m of Fanjing Mountain, Laoling mountain and Fuding mountain) become the watershed between the East and the west of Tongren area, In the west, there is Wujiang River system flowing into the Yangtze River Basin. The landform of the river valley is karst mountain plain. The valley is embedded into the mountain plain in the form of canyon. The relative elevation difference can reach 600-800m. On the mountain plain far away from the valley, karst hills and depressions are widely distributed, and the ground undulation is not big. Generally, the relative elevation difference is 200-300m There is a great difference between potential and height, obvious vertical differentiation, thin topsoil, more mountains and less land, and fragile ecology.

climate

The terrain of Tongren City is complex, and the three-dimensional distribution of climate is obvious. Most areas belong to the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone. In spring, the temperature is changeable and the continuous rain is more; in summer, the temperature is hot, the light is sufficient and the summer drought is heavy; in autumn, the temperature is cool and the rainy days are more; in winter, the temperature is low, the rain is scarce, the frost period is short, the material is long and the season is long. The annual average temperature is 15c-17c and the annual average rainfall is 1100-1300 mm. The average annual wind speed is 2.3 m / s, the average wind speed in March and July is the highest, and the average wind speed in October and December is the lowest. inflammation

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