Anshan City, Liaoning Province

Anshan Anshan, referred to as "an", also known as Gangdu and Yudu, is a prefecture level city in Liaoning Province, an important iron and steel industrial base in China approved by the State Council, and an important central city in central and southern Liaoning. By 2018, the city has four districts, one county, one county-level city and one Autonomous County, with a total area of 9252.35 square kilometers. The built-up area is 233.9 square kilometers, with a permanent resident population of 3.598 million and an urban population of 2.5999 million. The urbanization rate is 72.26%.

Anshan is located in Northeast China, central Liaoning Province, central Liaodong Peninsula and the hinterland of Bohai Rim Economic Zone. It is an important fulcrum of Shenyang Dalian Golden economic zone. It is a sub central city of Shenyang Economic Zone, an important connecting zone between central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration and Liaodong Peninsula open area. It is a large city with local legislative power approved by the State Council, and also the largest iron and steel industrial city in Northeast China The first iron and steel industry city in China, with the reputation of "steel capital of the Republic" and "cradle of China's iron and steel industry".

Anshan's earliest civilization can be traced back to ancient times. About 20000 years ago, human beings began to live and multiply here. There are exact records that Yan state, which started in the Warring States period, belongs to Liaodong county. The Han Dynasty began to smelt iron by indigenous methods, and Liaojin entered its heyday. The iron smelting culture has a long history. Anshan is named after a saddle shaped mountain peak in the south of the city. It is rich in Xiuyu, so it is also known as the "jade capital of China". It has five tourism brands: the world's first Jade Buddha, Asia's famous hot springs, Qianshan national scenic spot, China's jade capital and China's iron and steel capital.

Anshan is China's excellent tourist city, National Forest City, National Garden City, National Health City, national civilized city and China's top 30 cities with comprehensive strength. In December 2018, Anshan was identified by the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas as the second batch of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics. In 2020, the city's GDP will reach 173.878 billion yuan, an increase of 0.4% over the previous year at comparable prices.

Historical evolution

There are many ancient human cultural sites in Anshan area. The largest and oldest is Xiaogushan ancient human cultural site in Haicheng (Xiaogushan site). After two excavations by famous Chinese archaeologists in 1981 and 1993, the Xiaogushan ancient human cultural site is about 10000 to 100000 years ago, that is, the Paleolithic cave site of ancient human.

Although Anshan is one of the birthplaces of human beings in ancient times, the archaeological discovery of Xiaogushan ancient human site in Haicheng proves that human beings began to live and multiply here about 20000 years ago. In addition, Neolithic stone sheds and stone tools have been found in Ximu, pailou, Chagou, Tengao and other places in Haicheng; bronze daggers and bronze arrowheads of the late Warring States period have been found in Qianshan District of Anshan, which further proves that, like the Central Plains, they have entered the ranks of human civilization for a long time and become a part of the great family of the Chinese nation.

As far back as the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, most of Anshan City was under the jurisdiction of Xiangping County, the first county of Liaodong county. Today's Sea city is under the jurisdiction of Xinhui County, Liaoyang County and Taian City in Liaodong County of Western Han Dynasty. Today, Taian County is under the jurisdiction of Xiandu County in the Western Han Dynasty. Today Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County is also under the jurisdiction of Xiangping County, Liaodong County, Yan state. Since then, it has continued for more than 2000 years, either under the jurisdiction of the county, or under the jurisdiction of the state (for example, Liaodong state was established in the Western Jin Dynasty), or under the jurisdiction of Dao, Lu, Wei, Fu, Zhou, or even under the jurisdiction of the province or county.

During the Warring States period, it belonged to Liaodong County of Yan state. In Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Liaodong county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Liaodong County of Youzhou. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Liaodong county and Liaodong kingdom.

During the Three Kingdoms and two Jin Dynasties, it belonged to Xiangping County, Xinchang County, Liaoyang County, Anshi County, Changli County and Changli County.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, it was divided by Koguryo.

In the Sui Dynasty, the present urban area of Anshan City, Haicheng City and part of Tai'an County were under the separate rule of Koguryo. The western part of Liaohe River in Taian County is under the direct jurisdiction of Sui Dynasty, belonging to Huaiyuan town of Yan County.

In the Tang Dynasty, most of Anshan City today was cut by Koguryo in the early Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Gaozong's reign (668), it was taken over by the Tang Dynasty. In today's Northeast China, the system of Dao, Fu and Zhou is practiced. They belong to two counties, namely, the governor's office of Liaocheng Prefecture, Anshi Prefecture, and the Liao County of Yanzhou, Hebei Province.

In the Liao Dynasty, it belonged to Liaoyang Prefecture of Tokyo road. Jinshi was subordinate to Tokyo Road, Beijing Road and yisuguan road.

In Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Liaoyang County of Liaoyang Road, and Tai'an County belonged to Wangping County of guangningfu road. Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County is subordinate to Gaizhou road.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was under the command of Liaodong capital, and was under the command of liaozhongwei, haizhouwei, guangningwei and gaizhouwei.

In the Qing Dynasty, they belonged to fengtianfu, Liaoyang Prefecture, Haicheng County, jinzhoufu, Zhenan County, GAIPING County, and fengtianxing province.

The Republic of China is subordinate to Liaoyang County and Haicheng county.

Anshan was officially established on December 1, 1937.

On February 19, 1948, Anshan was liberated.

In 1949, Anshan City was subordinate to the Northeast People's Government (changed to northeast Administrative Committee on November 15, 1952).

In March 1953, it was a municipality directly under the central government. Haicheng county and Xiuyan County belong to Liaodong provincial government. Taian County is subordinate to the western Liaoning provincial government.

On June 19, 1954, it was a city under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province.

In 1959, it took charge of Liaoyang City and Haicheng County; at the same time, it abolished the organizational system of Liaoyang County and merged into Liaoyang City. Taian County is under the jurisdiction of Shenyang City. Xiuyan County belongs to Anton city (renamed Dandong City in 1965).

In 1961, the organizational system of Liaoyang County was restored, and Liaoyang City and county were separated, all under Anshan City.

In 1965, Liaoyang County and Haicheng county were under the jurisdiction of southern Liaoning Province.

In 1968, the southern Liaoning special area was abolished and Haicheng county was put under the jurisdiction of Yingkou City.

On January 1, 1973, Haicheng county was under the jurisdiction of Anshan City.

On January 1, 1976, Taian County was changed from Panjin reclamation area to Anshan City.

On January 17, 1985, Haicheng county was changed into Haicheng City (county-level city).

On January 23, 1992, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County under the jurisdiction of Dandong City was put under the jurisdiction of Anshan City.

administrative division

As of 2017, Anshan has a total area of 9252.35 square kilometers, with jurisdiction over four municipal districts (Tiedong District, Tiexi District, Lishan district and Qianshan District), one county-level city (Haicheng City), one county (Tai'an County) and one autonomous county (Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County), with an urban area of 797 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 55 towns and 61 sub district offices.

In addition to the formal administrative divisions, Anshan also has the following economic functional zones: Anshan high tech Industrial Development Zone (national level, within Lishan), dadaowan Economic Development Zone (within Tiexi), Tanggangzi new town, Anshan Cultural Tourism Development Zone, Qianshan Scenic Spot, and yufoshan scenic spot.

geographical environment

Location context

Anshan is located in Northeast China and the middle of Liaodong Peninsula. It is adjacent to Liaoyang County in the East and North, Fengcheng City and Zhuanghe City in the southeast, Dashiqiao City in the south, Panshan county and Liaozhong County in the West. The center of Anshan is 89 kilometers away from Shenyang City, the seat of Liaoning Provincial People's government, 96 kilometers away from Benxi City in the East, 308 kilometers away from Dalian City in the south, and Yingkou Spanish mackerel in the southwest It is 120 kilometers around Xingang and 103 kilometers away from Panjin City in the West. The geographical coordinates are 40 ° 27 ′ - 41 ° 34 ′ N and 122 ° 10 ′ - 123 ° 41 ′ E. It is 175 kilometers long from north to South and 133 kilometers wide from east to west. The total area is 9255 square kilometers, accounting for 8.4% of the total area of Liaoning Province. The urban area is 625.6 square kilometers.

landforms

Anshan City is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, which inclines from southeast to northwest. The southeast part of the mountain area is an extension of the Qianshan Mountains, generally 400-600 meters above sea level; the highest is Maokui mountain in Xiuyan, 1141 meters above sea level, followed by Haicheng yikeshuling; the main peak of the mountain area is 931 meters above sea level, covering an area of 5271.44 square kilometers, accounting for 56.97% of the total area of Anshan City.

The central part is the transition zone from the Qianshan Mountains to the alluvial plain in the west, which belongs to the low hillside hilly area. Generally, the altitude is 100-200 meters, and the area is about 1232.56 square kilometers, accounting for 13.32% of the total area of Anshan City. The west of Changchun Dalian railway is the alluvial plain of Liaohe River, Hunhe River and Taizihe river, with an altitude of 5-20 meters. The lowest altitude in Anshan City is Yangtang village, jiucaitai Township, Taian County, with an altitude of only 2 meters. The plain area is about 2748.4256 square kilometers, accounting for 29.71% of the total area of Anshan City.

climate

Anshan City is located in the southeast edge of Songliao Plain in the middle latitude, belonging to the temperate monsoon climate zone. The main climatic characteristics are: four distinct seasons, the same period of rain and heat, the same period of dry and cold, abundant precipitation, suitable temperature, rich light, strong wind, hail, drought and flood, frost and other disastrous weather in different years and seasons have different degrees of occurrence.

In spring (from March to May), there are more gales, less precipitation, long sunshine, rapid warming, large evaporation and low humidity; in summer (from June to August), there are more precipitation and concentrated rainstorms. In this season, the temperature is high and less hot; in autumn (from September to November), the weather is clear, the rainfall drops sharply, and the temperature drops sharply; in winter (from December to February of the next year), there is less snow, more north wind, dry and cold. Although Anshan belongs to the same climate zone, there are differences due to different geographical environment (topography, landform, distance from the sea).

The annual precipitation is 640-880 mm, decreasing gradually from southeast to northwest; the annual average temperature is 8.0-9.0 ℃ in plain area, and 6.3-7.0 ℃ in eastern and southeastern mountainous area; the annual average sunshine hours is 2350-2700 hours, and the annual average sunshine hours in the west is 5.0-9.0 ℃

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