Jingmen City, Hubei Province

Jingmen is a prefecture level city in Hubei Province, an important member of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and a regional central city in central Hubei Province. It is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River in Hubei Province, bordering Xiangyang City and Suizhou City in the north, Yichang City in the west, Xiaogan City in the East, Jingzhou City, Qianjiang City and Tianmen City in the south, between 111 ° 51 ′～ 113 ° 29 ′ E and 30 ° 32 ′ n It is between ′ - 31 ° 36 ′. Jingmen belonged to Jingzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties. The Western Zhou Dynasty belonged to Quan state and Wei state. The spring and autumn and Warring States belonged to Chu state. Dangyang county was established in Han Dynasty. Jingmen county was established in Tang Dynasty. Jingmen army was established in Song Dynasty. Jingmen Prefecture was established in Yuan Dynasty. Jingmen county was restored in Ming Dynasty. It was Zhili Prefecture in Qing Dynasty. It was demoted to county in Republic of China. In 1979, it was divided into Jingmen county and Jingmen City. In 1983, Jingmen county and Jingmen City were merged and upgraded to prefecture level Jingmen City.

Jingmen City has a total area of 12400 square kilometers. By the end of 2016, it has jurisdiction over two municipal districts, one county and two county-level cities, with a total population of 3 million. In 2019, the GDP will reach 203.377 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5% over 2018.

Jingmen is high in the East, West and North, low in the middle and south, and open to the south. It has low mountain valley area, hilly gully area and plain Lake area. It has a north subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and the same period of rain and heat. The main rivers passing through are Hanjiang River, Zhanghe River and Fushui river.

Jingmen is a famous historical and cultural city in Hubei Province, as well as an excellent tourist city in China. There are world cultural heritage, such as obvious mausoleum, ancient tombs of Chu and Han Dynasties, Qujialing cultural sites and other cultural monuments. A number of historical celebrities, such as Zhu Houfu, Lao laizi, song Yu, mochounu, etc., were born in Jingmen, leaving behind historical allusions such as "white snow in spring" and "xialiba people".

Evolution of organizational system

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties (from the 21st century BC to the 11th century BC), the world was Kyushu, and Jingmen belonged to Jingzhou. In the 12th century B.C., the descendants of King Wuding of Shang Dynasty established the state of power on the West Bank of Hanjiang River (now the west of MALIANG town in Shayang County), which is "the first county in ancient times"; in the 11th century B.C., Zhou Gong granted the royal family of Ji surname to Shayang by Changhu Lake.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the Chu people gradually became more powerful and moved southward. During the period from Xionger to ruo'ao, they exterminated ranjia (that is "Na"); during the period of King Wu of Chu (who claimed himself in 704 BC), they exterminated power and moved power to ranjia (that is "Na"); King Wen of Chu (689 BC) was the capital of Ying (now the southern city of Jiangling). Now Jingmen is the suburb of Ying, and Zhongxiang is the assistant capital of Chu; King Zhao of Qin At that time, Bai Qi, a general of Qin Dynasty, set up Nanjun and Lingxian in Yingdu of Chu (278 BC), and Dangyang County in the southern suburb of Jingmen, belonging to Nanjun.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, Bian county was set up in the north of Jingmen. In the period of emperor Jing, Dangyang county was set up in the southern suburb of Jingmen City, which is still a South County. Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and upgraded Bian county to Nanshan county. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the county was still in its original place, while in the Three Kingdoms period, Dangyang belonged to Wu.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, it was built along the old system of Wu. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuning county was set up in Bian county. Later, Changning County was set up in the old town of Bian County, which belongs to Wuning county. Changning County was set up in Changning County to govern Changning County. Soon, it moved to Wuning county to Lexiang County, leading Changning County and Lexiang county. It moved to Dangyang County, located in the west of Juzhang River, to govern the original territory.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the song, Qi and Jin Dynasties made the system. At the beginning of Tai Dynasty, Changning County was changed into Yongning County. After Liang Dynasty, the county was reorganized into Changning County, and Jizhou was set up in neifangshan (also known as maliangshan, now Shayang County), which governed Zhangshan and Shanghuang counties. Changlin county was divided into Fengxiang and luma counties, which belonged to Zhangshan and Shanghuang counties. In Northern Zhou Dynasty, Dangyang county was abandoned and Pingzhou was set up.

In 587, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty destroyed Houliang and changed Pingzhou into Yuzhou; in 589, Yuzhou was abolished and Dangyang county was restored, Yongning, Wuning, Zhangshan and Shanghuang counties were abolished; in 591, Changlin was abolished and Changning County was transformed into Changlin County, belonging to Nanjun county.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Changlin County belonged to Jingzhou, Dangyang was changed to Jizhou, and Zhangshan county was replaced as a subordinate county. In the 21st year of emperor Dezong's Zhenyuan reign (805 AD), Changlin county was demolished to establish Jingmen County, and Dangyang county was abolished to enter Jingmen County, which belongs to Jiangling Prefecture of Nanjun county. At the end of Tang Dynasty, Jingmen county was changed to Changlin county.

During the Five Dynasties, Jingmen was occupied by Jingnan state. In 940 ad, the Jingmen army was set up to lead Changlin county. Soon the army was abandoned. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, Lexiang county was abandoned and Changlin County entered the south.

In 972 ad, Dangyang county and Jingmen army were restored, leading Dangyang and Changlin counties, belonging to Jinghu North Road. In the sixth year of Xining (1073 A.D.), the army was abolished and the counties of Changlin and Dangyang were designated as Jiangling Prefecture; in the third year of Yuanyou (1088 A.D.), the army of Jingmen was restored and still led the counties of Changlin and Dangyang.

In the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277 AD), the army of Jingmen was promoted to Jingmen Prefecture, belonging to Henan Province; in the Tianli period, the Prefecture was demoted to Zhou, belonging to xuanweisi of Jinghu North Road, still leading Changlin and Dangyang counties.

In the ninth year of Hongwu reign of Ming Dynasty (1376 AD), Jingmen Prefecture was demoted to Jingmen County, belonging to Jingzhou Prefecture, and Changlin county was changed into Jingmen County; in the tenth year (1377 AD), Dangyang county was removed into Jingmen County; in the thirteenth year (1380 AD), Jingmen County was upgraded to Jingmen Prefecture, and Dangyang county was restored; in the tenth year of Jiajing reign (1531 AD), Jingmen Prefecture was changed to Chengtian prefecture (jinzhongxiang AD), leading Dangyang county.

In the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1646 AD), Tianfu was changed into Anlu prefecture (jinzhongxiang). Jingmen Prefecture still led Dangyang County, belonging to Anlu Prefecture. In the 56th year of Qianlong (1791 AD), Jingmen Prefecture was promoted to Zhili Prefecture. It was the governor of Hubei Province and led Dangyang and Yuan'an counties.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Jingmen Zhili Prefecture was reduced to Jingmen County, belonging to Xiangyang Road of Hubei Province; in 1927, Jingmen county was abandoned, belonging to Hubei Province; on February 4, 1949, Jingmen was liberated.

Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, Jingmen county has been established, which belongs to the office of the Commissioner of Jingzhou Administrative Region in Hubei Province; in 1960, Shayang city and Jingmen county were established, which belong to the office of the Commissioner of Jingzhou administrative region; in 1961, Shayang city was withdrawn, which still belongs to Jingmen County; in November 1979, Jingmen county was divided into Jingmen City and Jingmen County, which belong to the office of Jingzhou regional administration.

On August 19, 1983, the State Council approved the promotion of Jingmen City to a prefecture level city. The administrative region of Jingmen county will be merged into Jingmen City.

On May 18, 2018, at the opening ceremony of the third China (Jingshan) tennis Festival, Wei Mingchao, deputy secretary of Jingshan County Party committee and head of Jingmen County, revealed that with the approval of the State Council and the consent of the Ministry of civil affairs, Hubei Province will abolish Jingshan County and establish a county-level Jingshan city.

administrative division

geographical environment

Location context

Jingmen City is located in the middle of Hubei Province, with Xiangyang City and Suizhou City in the north, Yichang City in the west, Xiaogan City in the East, Jingzhou City, Qianjiang City and Tianmen City in the south. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 155 km, and the maximum vertical distance from North to south is 131 km. The total area of Jingmen City is 12400 square kilometers, between 111 ° 51 ′～ 113 ° 29 ′ E and 30 ° 32 ′～ 31 ° 36 ′ n.

Geology and geomorphology

Jingmen City is high in the East, West and North, low in the middle and south, and open to the south. It has low mountain valley area, hilly gully area and plain Lake area. Most areas of Zhongxiang and Jingshan in the Northeast are located in the south foot of Dahong mountain. The geological characteristics are fold fault block mountain, which are mainly composed of Paleozoic, Mesozoic carbonate rocks, clastic rocks and Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, forming low mountains or hills. The highest point is zhaigongyan in Kedian Town, Zhongxiang City, with an altitude of 1050 meters. Dongbao District in the northwest extends from Dabashan to Jingshan in Baokang and Nanzhang, with an altitude of less than 1000 meters. The Shanwen line turns from East-West to northwest to Southeast, winding to form the remaining veins of Jingshan. It is mainly composed of Permian and Triassic limestone, forming low mountains, hills or hills with gentle undulation divided by depressions and gullies. Zhongxiang City, Jingshan city and most of Shayang County on both sides of Hanjiang River in the middle and South are mainly distributed in Cenozoic subsidence basins. Plain Lake area is formed due to river alluvial and lake deposition. The lowest point is the bottom of Changhu Lake in Shayang County and the riverbed of Panjiawan in Yonglong town of Jingshan City, with an altitude of 27 meters.

climate

Jingmen City is located in the middle latitude north subtropical monsoon climate zone, with abundant rainfall, sufficient sunshine and long frost free period, which has the characteristics of warm and wet in spring, hot in summer, dry and cool in autumn and cold in winter. The annual average temperature is 15.6-16.3 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is 804-1067mm.

hydrology

Jingmen City is located in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, with developed water system, numerous rivers and lakes, and crisscross streams, springs, reservoirs and canals, forming four major water systems. In the East is Fushu river system, with a drainage area of 372.2 square kilometers, accounting for 3% of the total land area of the city; in the south is Changhu Lake system, with a drainage area of 1998 square kilometers, accounting for 16% of the total land area of the city; in the west is Zhanghe River system, with a drainage area of 671.8 square kilometers, accounting for 5% of the total land area of the city; in the middle is Hanjiang River system, with a drainage area of 9362 square kilometers, accounting for 76% of the total land area of the city. There are 46 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers in the territory. The main rivers passing through are Hanjiang River, Zhanghe River and Fushui river. The main rivers entering the territory are manhe River and Changshou river. The main rivers leaving the territory are Jingshan River, Tianmen River and Xijing river. The Jingmen section of Hanjiang River is 154 kilometers long. The average annual discharge of Huangzhuang station of Hanjiang River is 1710 cubic meters per second. There are 87 lakes, including 46 lakes with a surface area of more than 100 mu (all of which are listed in the provincial lake protection list). The larger lakes are Changhu Lake, followed by Jieliang lake and Nanhu lake.

natural resources

water resource

In 2015, the average precipitation in Jingmen was 100

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng Jing Men Shi