Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province

Shaoguan, a prefecture level city in Guangdong Province. It is located in the north of Guangdong Province, at the south foot of Wuling mountains, in the middle and upper reaches of Beijiang River. It is a subtropical monsoon climate with mountainous terrain and hills. The total area is 18218.06 square kilometers, and the registered residence population is 3 million 372 thousand in 2019. In 2019, it has jurisdiction over three municipal districts, four counties, one Autonomous County and two county-level cities: Wujiang District, Zhenjiang District, Qujiang District, Shixing County, Renhua county, Wengyuan County, Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Xinfeng County, Lechang City and Nanxiong City. The municipal government is located at 75 Fengdu North Road, Zhenjiang District.

Shaoguan, called Shaozhou in ancient times, got its name from Shaoshi mountain. From 1943 to 1945, Shaoguan City was established as the temporary capital of Guangdong Province. In November 1949, Shaoguan City was set up in Qujiang city. In 1975, Shaoguan was upgraded to a prefecture level city.

Shaoguan is the gathering place of Hakka culture, the hometown of MABA people, the birthplace of Shixia culture, the ancestral court of Zen culture, and the hometown of Zhang Jiuling, the famous Prime Minister of the generation. Zhuji ancient lane in Nanxiong is the birthplace of Guangfu culture and the hometown of Guangfu, which is the main residential area of Guangdong ethnic minorities. Known as "Lingnan county".

Shaoguan is an excellent tourist city in China, a national model city of double support, a national health city, a national garden city, a national financial ecological city and a pilot area of ecological civilization construction. It is a famous historical and cultural city, a civilized city, a health city, a garden city, a forestry ecological city and a ecological development area in Guangdong Province. It is a regional central city planned and constructed in Guangdong Province and the core city of Shaoguan metropolitan area City, is one of the national transportation hub cities. It is one of the cities in Guangzhou metropolitan area. In September 2019, it will be selected as the second batch of national industrial transformation and upgrading demonstration zones.

Historical evolution

Shaoguan has a long history and ancient civilization. It is the hometown of MABA people and the birthplace of Shixia culture.

In the sixth year of Yuanding in the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC), Qujiang County was set up, which belongs to Guiyang County. It is under lianhualing in the southeast of Shaoguan. Qujiang County has a history of more than 2100 years.

In the first year of Wu Ganlu in the Three Kingdoms (265), Shixing County was established, and Qujiang County was the seat of Shixing County. The Eastern Jin Dynasty moved to the southwest of Shaoguan.

In the ninth year of kaihuang (589), the capital of Shaozhou was set up, which was named after the famous Shaoshi mountain in the north of the state. The Tang Dynasty was governed by Shaozhou. In the Five Dynasties, the Southern Han Dynasty moved to Shaoguan. Since then, the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were governed by Shaozhou road and government.

During the period of the Republic of China, there were nanshaolian appeasement District, nanshaolian Road, Lingnan Road, nanshaolian administrative district, North District, northwest appeasement district and the second administrative supervision district in Guangdong Province.

From 1943 to 1945, Shaoguan was established as the temporary capital of Guangdong Province.

In November 1949, Guangdong Province set up the Beijiang Provisional Administrative Committee, and set up Shaoguan City in Qujiang City, which governs 17 counties and cities including Qujiang County.

In 1950, the Committee of Beijiang Provisional Administrative Region changed its name to Beijiang special region. After 1952, it was changed into northern Guangdong administrative region, Shaoguan special region and Shaoguan region.

In 1966, Qujiang County was transferred to MABA town.

In 1975, Shaoguan City was upgraded to a prefecture level city with jurisdiction over Qujiang County.

Shaoguan

administrative division

In 1983, Shaoguan District was abolished and its county was incorporated into Shaoguan City.

In 1984, it had jurisdiction over three districts, nine counties and three autonomous counties.

In 1988, it had jurisdiction over three districts and eight counties.

In May 2004, it has jurisdiction over three districts, five counties and two county-level cities.

In 2019, it has jurisdiction over three municipal districts, four counties, one Autonomous County and two county-level cities: Wujiang District, Zhenjiang District, Qujiang District, Shixing County, Renhua county, Wengyuan County, Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Xinfeng County, Lechang City and Nanxiong City. The municipal government is located at 75 Fengdu North Road, Zhenjiang District.

geographical environment

Location context

Shaoguan is located in the north of Guangdong Province, bordering Hunan in the north, Jiangxi in the East, Heyuan, Huizhou, Guangzhou and Qingyuan in Guangdong Province in the southeast, South and West. It is between 23 ° 53 ′～ 25 ° 31 ′ N and 112 ° 53 ′～ 114 ° 45 ′ e. it starts from Jiezhi village, JIEZHI Town, Nanxiong City in the East and ends at yagaoling village, Sanxi Town, Lechang City in the west, with a straight-line distance of 186.3 km from east to west. It starts from sanjiexu village, Baishi Town, Lechang City in the north and ends at Luxia village, Matou Town, Xinfeng County in the south, with a north-south distance of 173.4 km. The land area of the city is 18400 square kilometers, and the urban area of Shaoguan is 3468 square kilometers.

geology

Shaoguan City is located in the south of Nanling Mountains, which is located in the Hunan Guangdong fold belt of Huaxia active platform. The geological structure is complex, igneous rocks are widely distributed, the strata are basically complete, karst landforms are widely distributed, and the types of rocks are various. The rocks are mainly red glutenite, sandstone, metamorphic rock, granite and limestone. In geological history, it belongs to intermittent rising area, with strong water erosion, resulting in many canyons, steep mountains and planation surfaces at all levels, mainly mountainous and hilly landforms.

topographic features

Shaoguan is mainly mountainous and hilly terrain, with valley basin distribution, of which plain and platform area account for about 20%. Shikengkong is the highest peak in Guangdong Province, with the terrain higher in the north and lower in the south.

From north to south, three arc-shaped mountain systems are arranged in an arc protruding to the south, which constitutes the basic landscape pattern of northern Guangdong: Weiling mountain and Dayuling mountain in the north, 140 km in length; Dadongshan mountain and Yaoling mountain in the middle, 250 km in length; qiweishan mountain and Qingyunshan mountain in the south, 270 km in length. There are two river valley basins, including Nanxiong basin, Renhua Dongtang basin, Pingshi basin, Lechang basin, Shaoguan Basin and Wengyuan basin. The hills and platforms composed of red rock series are widely distributed and have remarkable characteristics. Renhua Danxia Mountain area is famous for its unique red rock landform. It is the location and named place of China's typical "Danxia landform", covering an area of about 280 square kilometers. The mountain group is of peak forest structure, with more than 600 odd peaks and stones. Nanxiong basin and Pingshi basin belong to the red rock type. Nanxiong basin has a wide area and abundant paleontological fossils. In the whole city, there are undulating mountains, high peaks, and medium and low mountains. Shikengkong, located at the junction of Ruyuan, Yangshan and Hunan Province, is the highest mountain in Guangdong Province with an altitude of 1902 meters. In the south, the terrain is relatively low, with the lowest elevation of 35 meters in the urban area.

hydrology

The main tributaries are Wujiang River, Mojiang River, Jinjiang River, Wengjiang River and nanshai river.

climate

Shaoguan is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone with pleasant climate. The annual average temperature is 21 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 1700mm, the frost free period is about 310 days, and there is snow in the north in winter.

natural resources

water conservancy

Due to abundant rainfall, numerous rivers, large drop, abundant water and hydraulic resources. There are 62 rivers with rainfall collection area of more than 100 square kilometers in the city, including 8 rivers with rainfall collection area of more than 1000 square kilometers.

The annual average runoff depth is 945mm, the annual average total runoff is about 17.6 billion cubic meters, and the transit water volume is 2.85 billion cubic meters. The theoretical reserve of water resources is about 1744900 kW, of which the installed capacity of developable hydropower is 1699200 kW, and the developed installed capacity is 1466000 kW.

Forestry

Shaoguan is a national key forest region, timber forest, water source forest and key Phyllostachys pubescens base in Guangdong. It is known as the biological gene bank of South China and the ecological barrier of the Pearl River Delta. It preserves the most complete oasis in the same latitude of the earth. The city's forestry land area is 1.448 million hectares, the forest coverage rate is 73.8%, the forest greening rate is 74.6%, and the volume of standing trees is 89.17 million cubic meters, ranking first in the province.

Chebaling National Nature Reserve, one of the first batch of six pilot areas for ecological civilization construction in China, has been upgraded to the World Biosphere Reserve. There are 15 nature reserves at or above the provincial level, including 3 at the national level, covering an area of 179000 hectares. There are four national forest parks: Xiaokeng, Nanling, Shaoguan and Tianjingshan, one nanshai Lake National Wetland Park, one Danxia Mountain World Geopark and world natural heritage, and one Furong Mountain National Mine Park.

Biological resources

Shaoguan is a national key forest region, timber forest, water source forest and key Phyllostachys pubescens base in Guangdong. It is known as the biological gene bank of South China and the ecological barrier of the Pearl River Delta. The city's forestry land area is 1.448 million hectares, the forest coverage rate is 73.8%, the afforestation rate is 74.6%, and the volume of standing trees is 89.17 million cubic meters.

mineral resources

Shaoguan is the "hometown of nonferrous metals in China" and has the title of "zinc capital of China". There are 55 kinds of minerals with proven reserves in the city, among which 12 kinds of dominant minerals are uranium, lead, zinc, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, sulfur, limestone for cement, rare earth, Xinfeng ceramic soil, fluorite, underground hot water, etc., especially nonferrous metal minerals, which occupy an important position in Guangdong.

By the end of 2019, the proven reserves of mineral resources are 131 million tons of coal, 25.8 million tons of iron ore, 740000 tons of manganese ore, 77.8 million tons of copper ore, 88.9 million tons of lead ore, 129 million tons of zinc ore, 178 million tons of tungsten ore, 115 million tons of molybdenum ore, 2.34 million tons of antimony ore and 128 million tons of bismuth ore.

population

By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population of Shaoguan City will be 3030400, an increase of 32800 or 10.94 ‰ over the previous year. The urban resident population was 1.7393 million, accounting for 57.4% of the total resident population, 0.9% higher than that at the end of last year; the rural resident population was 1.2911 million, accounting for 42.6% of the total resident population, 0.9% lower than that at the end of last year. The registered residence population was 3 million 372 thousand at the end of the year, of which 1 million 515 thousand were urban residents and 44.9% were registered residence population. The annual birth population was 30500, the birth rate was 11.52 ‰