Bazhong City, Sichuan Province

Bazhong Bazhong, a prefecture level city in Sichuan Province, is located in the northeast of Sichuan Basin, at the south foot of Micang mountain of Daba mountain system, south of the North-South boundary line of Qinling Huaihe River in China, east of Dazhou, south of Nanchong, west of Guangyuan, north of Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province. It is a typical mountain area around the basin, with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south, and inclined from north to south. It has a subtropical humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. With a total area of 12292 square kilometers, the city governs two districts and three counties, and has a permanent resident population of 3.3192 million in 2019.

Bazhong has revolutionary relics such as Red Army martyrs cemetery and Red Army stone slogan group, which is known as the "open-air museum of Chinese revolution". Bazhong has one World Geopark, two scenic spots, and 19 national AAAA scenic spots are under construction. Bazhong is the second largest Soviet Area in China with a large number of red relics. There are 382 immovable revolutionary cultural relics in Bazhong, including 2 national key cultural relics protection units with 66 sites, 20 provincial revolutionary cultural relics protection units, 11 municipal revolutionary cultural relics protection units and 110 county-level revolutionary cultural relics protection units, mainly distributed in Bazhou District and Tongjiang County. In 2018, Bazhong was shortlisted as the national civilized city nomination city in the construction cycle of 2018-2020, and the National Social Governance Innovation Demonstration City in 2018.

In 2020, Bazhong's GDP will reach 76.699 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5% over the previous year. The added value of the primary industry was 16.181 billion yuan, an increase of 5.4%; the added value of the secondary industry was 21.494 billion yuan, an increase of 0.9%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 39.024 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7%.

Historical evolution

The establishment of Bazhong began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the third year of emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty (91), the north of Dangqu (today's Dazhou area), including the Ba River Basin of today's Bazhou District, Tongjiang, Nanjiang, Pingchang and Wanyuan counties, was designated as Hanchang county (governing Bazhou town of today's Bazhou District). From the third year of emperor he Yongyuan (91) to the fifth year of Emperor Xian Jian'an (200), Hanchang belonged to Bajun of Yizhou (zhijiangzhou, now Chongqing). From the 6th year of Jian'an (201) to the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), Hanchang belonged to Baxi County of Yizhou (zhibaoning, now Langzhong).

In the 23rd year of Jian'an (218), Liu Bei established Hanchang, Xuanhan and Dangqu counties as Dangqu County of Yizhou (governing tuxi county); in the 25th year of Jian'an (220), the three counties became Brazil County of Yizhou. From 239 to 248, Hanchang County belonged to Dangqu county and Baxi County of Yizhou.

During the two Jin Dynasties, Hanchang County in 267 (the third year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty) belonged to Brazil County of Liangzhou (now Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province). Hanchang County belonged to Dangqu county from the sixth year of Yuankang to the second year of Yongkang (296-300 years). In the first year of Yongning (301), Hanchang still belonged to Brazil county. In the first year of Yongxing (304), Hanchang county was changed into Hanxing County, which was restored to Dangqu county. In the fourth year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (400), it was renamed Hanchang County, belonging to Brazil County of Liangzhou.

In the song and Qi dynasties (420-502), Hanchang county was rebuilt as Hanxing County, which successively belonged to Dangqu County of Liangzhou and Baxi county. In the years of Liang and Wei, the fourth year of Liang Tianjian and the second year of Wei Zhengshi (505), Liang and Wei competed with each other for Hanchang county and set up local governments such as Prefecture, county and county. In the third year of Yanchang (514) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Bazhou was set up to govern the north of Dagu county (now Jiangbei new district of Bazhong City). In the second year of Xiping (517), the Prefecture was transferred to Hanchang county.

From the second year of Xiping (517) of emperor Xiaoming to the third year of Yongxi (534) of emperor Xiaowu in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Bazhou had jurisdiction over 8 counties and 11 counties in its heyday.

From 556 to the end of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Bazhou had jurisdiction over 10 counties and 15 counties in its heyday. It has jurisdiction over Qiaowan Township, Daxian County in the East, Yingshan, Pengan and wusheng counties in the south, northeast Wangcang in the West and Nanjiang and Tongjiang counties in the north.

From the third year of kaihuang to the second year of Daye (583-606), there were nine counties in Bazhou. In the third year of Daye (607), Bazhou was changed into Qinghua County, leading 14 counties.

In 619, the second year of Wude, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, the county of Qinghua was abolished and Bazhou was restored, which led the area under the jurisdiction of Bazhou District and parts of Pingchang, Tongjiang and Nanjiang. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Bazhou belonged to Shannandao; in the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), it belonged to Shannandao.

During the Five Dynasties (907-960), Bazhou led nine counties, and its jurisdiction was reduced.

From the fourth year of Qiande to the end of Song Dynasty (966-1275), Bazhou belonged to Lizhou Road (now Guangyuan) and Xingyuan mansion (now Hanzhong), with five counties including linghuacheng, Nanjiang, Enyang, zengkou and Tongjiang. In the fourth year of Chunhua (993), Taizong of Song Dynasty, Bazhou belonged to jiannandao.

Yuan Dynasty followed the Song Dynasty, and still set up Bazhou County, which belongs to Guangyuan Road. In the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), Bazhou was established as Sichuan Province (the beginning of Sichuan Province). It belongs to Guangyuan Road, Sichuan Province.

In 1376, the ninth year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, Bazhou was changed to Baxian County, belonging to Baoning prefecture (now Langzhong) of Chuanbei Road, the political secretary of Chengxuan County, Sichuan Province. In the ninth year of Zhengde reign of emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty (1514), Bazhou was restored to three counties, namely linghuacheng, Tongjiang and Nanjiang. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xianzhong entered Sichuan and became emperor in Chengdu (1644). He was called Daxi, and Bazhou belonged to Daxi.

From the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the first year of the Republic of China (1648-1912), Bazhou still belonged to Baoning Prefecture in Beidao, Sichuan Province.

In 1912, Bazhou government office was renamed Bazhou administrative office. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Bazhou was changed into Bazhong County, which was subordinate to Sichuan Beidao (now Langzhong). In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Sichuan North Road was changed to Jialing Road (governing today's Nanchong), and Bazhong was subordinate to Jialing Road. Soon after, the system of Daoism was abolished, and the government, prefecture, department and county were directly under the provincial government.

In 1917, the Sixth Division headquarters of Sichuan Yasukuni army was stationed in Daxian (governing the old town of Tongchuan District, Dazhou city). It had jurisdiction over Daxian, Kaijiang, Wanyuan, Chengkou, Kaixian, Yunyang, Fengjie, Wuxi, Qu, Yingshan, Yilong, Pengan, Tongjiang, Nanjiang, Bazhong, Langzhong, Cangxi, Nanbu, Yanting, Zhaohua (governing Zhaohua Town, Guangyuan City), Guangyuan, Jiange and Zitong County.

In 1935, Sichuan government was unified, and Bazhong belonged to the 15th administrative supervision district of Sichuan Province (now Dazhou).

After the founding of the people's Republic of China (January 1950), Sichuan Province was divided into four administrative districts, namely West Sichuan, East Sichuan, North Sichuan and South Sichuan, and Chongqing and Xikang provinces, all of which belonged to the Southwest Bureau (now Chongqing). Bazhong is under the jurisdiction of the Daxian District of the northern Sichuan administrative department (now Dazhou). In 1952, four administrative districts were abolished. Until the first half of 1993, Bazhong was subordinate to the Daxian district. In April 1950, the northern Sichuan Administrative Office approved the establishment of the Central County Committee of Bazhong as the agency of the local committee of Daxian County, leading Tongjiang, Nanjiang and Bazhong counties. In March 1953, the Central County Committee of Bazhong was abolished, and the three counties were directly under the local committee of Daxian County.

On July 5, 1993, with the approval of the State Council, Tongjiang County, Nanjiang County, Bazhong county and Pingchang county were set up from Daxian county. Bazhong county was officially established on October 28, 1993.

On June 14, 2000, with the approval of the State Council, Bazhong district was abolished and Bazhong City (prefecture level) was established. On December 27 of that year, Bazhong City was officially established. Bazhou District, Tongjiang County, Nanjiang county and Pingchang county were under the jurisdiction of Bazhong City.

On January 18, 2013, Enyang District of Bazhong City was established with the approval of the State Council. So far, the administrative division of Bazhong City has been changed into two districts and three counties (Bazhou District, Enyang District, Nanjiang County, Tongjiang County and Pingchang county).

administrative division

Bazhong has 5 county-level administrative divisions (2 municipal districts and 3 counties) and 139 township level administrative divisions (17 streets, 116 towns and 6 townships). It covers an area of 12292 square kilometers and has a population of 3.94 million. Bazhong Municipal People's government is located at 185 Wangwang Road West, Bazhou District.

geographical environment

Location context

Bazhong City is located in the northeast of Sichuan Province, on the south slope of Micang mountain. The seat of the municipal government is 331km away from Chongqing in the west, 320km away from Chengdu in the South and 439km away from Xi'an in the north. It is adjacent to Dazhou, Nanchong, Hanzhong and Guangyuan, between 106 ° 20 ′～ 107 ° 49 ′ E and 31 ° 15 ′～ 32 ° 45 ′ n. The total area of the city is 12292 square kilometers.

topographic features

Bazhong City is a typical mountainous area around the basin, with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south, and inclined from north to south. In the north, there are deep cut mountains, middle cut mountains, middle cut low mountains and shallow cut low mountains in the middle; in the south, there are hills, and there are flat dams on both sides of the river and on the top of the platform. Hills and flat dams cover an area of about 1243 square kilometers, accounting for 10% of the total area, while mountains account for 90%. The highest altitude is 2507.0 meters in Guangwu mountain of Nanjiang County in the northwest, and the lowest altitude is 268.3 meters in Huangmeixi of Pingchang County in the south, with an elevation difference of 2238.7 meters. In the mountains of North Central China, the boundary between low and middle mountain is obvious. In the middle section, the middle mountain is generally 700-900 meters, with many narrow valleys; in the deep section, the middle mountain is more than 1200 meters, with many canyons; in the middle section, the low mountain is generally 600 meters, with many "V" shaped valleys and flat bottomed valleys, which are called mountain Pingba. There are three-step structures, which decrease gradually from north to south. In the north, the altitude of the deep cutting Zhongshan is 1500-2000 meters, that of the middle cutting Zhongshan is 1300-1500 meters, and that of the middle cutting low mountain is 800-1000 meters. In the middle part, most of the low mountains are 400-800m above sea level; in the south, the hills are 350-600m above sea level; in the flat dams, 268.3-400m above sea level. In addition, there are also