Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province

Qiqihar, also known as Hecheng and bukui in ancient times, is a prefecture level city in Heilongjiang Province, an important industrial base in China and a central city in the west of Heilongjiang Province approved by the State Council. The city has jurisdiction over 7 municipal districts, 1 county-level city and 8 counties, with a total area of 42469 square kilometers and a total population of 5.59 million.

Qiqihar is located in Northeast China, northeast Songnen Plain, at the intersection of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Inner Mongolia provinces. It is adjacent to Daqing city and Suihua City in the East, Baicheng City in Jilin Province in the south, Hulunbuir city in Inner Mongolia in the west, Heihe City and Daxinganling region in the north, 359 kilometers away from Harbin, the provincial capital, and 483 kilometers away from Heihe City, the port city of China and Russia.

Qiqihar is a national famous historical and cultural city with many historical and cultural relics, including angxi civilization and industrial civilization; national folk culture and religious culture, as well as hundreds of years of exile frontier fortress culture, such as exile's former residence and zhanren's former residence; Heilongjiang general's mansion, general's Yamen, military supervision office and other official sites that effectively control the border, as well as Tazi City, golden Great Wall, Baiji city The Middle East Railway Station and other historical and cultural relics. Zhalong Nature Reserve in Qiqihar has a good reputation as "the world's great wetland and the hometown of crane in China". There are many scenic spots in the city, such as Nenjiang River, Mingyue Island, Longsha Park, Luoxi street, "gannanxing No.14, the first village of Longjiang", and "nierjis lake, the first lake in the north". In 2016, Qiqihar city was listed as the first batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas.

In 2019, Qiqihar's GDP will reach 112.89 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.0%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 33.81 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%; the added value of the secondary industry was 24.49 billion yuan, an increase of 9.9%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 54.59 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9%. The ratio of three industrial structures is 30.0:21.7:48.3. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Qiqihar city is under the jurisdiction of SuoLi state in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties

In the Qin and Han Dynasties, it belonged to Fuyu state.

During the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, it belonged to Xianbei and doumo basket.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was under the jurisdiction of Shiwei Prefecture.

The Liao and Jin Dynasties belonged to Shangjing road and Dongjing Road, and belonged to the residence of Han army.

Yuan Dynasty belongs to Kaiyuan Road and shuidada road under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang xingzhongshu province.

In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to the commander of Daning city first, and then to nurgan city.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Qiqihar area was under the jurisdiction of Shengjing house of internal affairs, and soon belonged to general ningguta. Kangxi 22 years (1683), under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang general. In 1685, bukui post was set up, which gradually became the center of all post stations in Western Heilongjiang and developed into a village. In 1691, the Qing government established Qiqihar at bukui station, and conferred the title of deputy capital of mabudai, the general manager of Sauron, in charge of the construction of the city. In 1699, Heilongjiang general yamen moved to Qiqihar city. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, Heilongjiang general Yamen and Qiqihar Deputy Du Tong yamen jointly controlled Qiqihar. In 1905, Heilongjiang Branch Road and Heishui hall were set up in the provincial capital to govern Qiqihar. The next year, the vice governor of Qiqihar was abolished. In 1907, the Qing government abolished the Heilongjiang general and established Heilongjiang Province, and changed the Heishui Department into Longjiang Prefecture. Qiqihar was under the jurisdiction of the provincial yuan patrol Bureau and Longjiang Prefecture.

In 1924, the City Administration Office of Heilongjiang Province was established to manage the affairs of Qiqihar city.

In 1929, the City Office of Heilongjiang Province was reorganized into the city and commercial port Municipal Bureau of Heilongjiang Province. It was in charge of Qiqihar, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, and the municipal affairs within the commercial port boundary. It was directly under the Heilongjiang provincial government.

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, the Japanese imperialists occupied Qiqihar and set up the puppet Manchukuo province of Longjiang. Qiqihar was still the provincial capital.

In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), the puppet Qiqihar Municipal Office was established, which was subordinate to the Puppet Manchurian Longjiang Provincial Office. This is the beginning of the establishment of Qiqihar city.

In 1945, after the surrender of Japanese imperialism, the democratic government of Qiqihar was established, which was subordinate to Nenjiang province.

From 1947 to 1949, it was subordinate to Nenjiang United province and Heilongjiang Province.

In 1954, the capital of Heilongjiang Province moved from Qiqihar city to Harbin City, and Qiqihar city became a provincial city.

In 1958, Qiqihar city was put under the jurisdiction of Nenjiang District Commissioner's office.

In 1960, Nenjiang district was abolished, and all counties under its jurisdiction were under the leadership of Qiqihar city. The system of city governing county was implemented, and Qiqihar city was restored to a provincial city.

In 1961, the Nenjiang District Commissioner's office was restored, and Qiqihar city and its counties were under its jurisdiction.

In 1964, Qiqihar city became a provincial city again.

In 1967, the people's Committee of Qiqihar city was abolished and the Revolutionary Committee of Qiqihar city was established.

In 1980, Qiqihar Revolutionary Committee was renamed Qiqihar people's government.

On December 15, 1984, with the approval of the State Council ((84) Guo Han Zi No. 178), Nenjiang district was cancelled. Nehe, Baiquan, Longjiang, Yi'an, Keshan, Kedong, Gannan, Tailai, Fuyu, Lindian and duerbert Mongolian autonomous counties were put under the jurisdiction of Qiqihar city.

On August 21, 1992, with the approval of the State Council (guohan [1992] No. 103), Lindian and duerbert Mongolian Autonomous Counties in Qiqihar city were put under the jurisdiction of Daqing city.

administrative division

Qiqihar has a total of 16 county-level administrative regions, including 7 municipal districts, 1 county-level city and 8 counties, including Longsha District, Jianhua District, Tiefeng District, Fulaerji District, Angangxi District, Nianzishan District, meilidaor District, Nehe City, Gannan County, Longjiang County, Keshan County, Kedong County, Yi'an County, Baiquan County, Tailai County and Fuyu County. Qiqihar Municipal People's government is located at 27 Xinming street, Jianhua district.

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geographical environment

Location context

Qiqihar city is located in Songnen Plain of Northeast China. It is 122-126 degrees east longitude and 45-48 degrees north latitude. It is adjacent to Daqing city and Suihua City in the East, Baicheng city of Jilin Province in the south, Hulunbuir city of Inner Mongolia in the west, Heihe City and Daxinganling area in the north. It is 359 kilometers away from Harbin City, 328 kilometers away from Suihua City, 282 kilometers away from Baicheng City, 524 kilometers away from Hailar City and 483 kilometers away from Heihe city Km. The total land area is 42289 square kilometers, and the altitude is generally between 200 and 500 meters.

topographic features

The geological structure belongs to the junction of the second subsidence zone and the third uplift zone of the Xinhua Xia system, and the Nenjiang fault runs through the whole plain. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The south foot of Xiaoxing'an Mountains lies in the north and East, and the Nenjiang alluvial plain lies in the middle and south. The development of geological structure in Qiqihar is very different between the East and the west, forming two tectonic units. The eastern unit is the present Songnen plain area, and the Western unit is the low mountains and hills of the present Nianzi mountain area on the eastern margin of the Daxinganling fold belt. On the basis of these two geological tectonic units, two geomorphic types of Qiqihar are formed: the East is alluvial plain, which is also the main geomorphic type of Qiqihar; the west is low mountain and hilly geomorphic type, which only accounts for 8% of the urban area. Although the types of large landforms are relatively simple, the micro landforms have become complex and diverse due to the long-term carving and accumulation of weathering, flowing water, wind, thawing and other external forces. The flow landform and sand landform are all over the city, and the gravity landform can be seen everywhere in the low mountains and hills. This geological and geomorphic structure provides excellent conditions for the storage of groundwater and the generation of mineral resources.

climate

Qiqihar city has a temperate continental monsoon climate with obvious four seasons: dry and windy in spring, hot and rainy in summer, short in autumn, early frost and long dry and cold in winter. The southern part of Qiqihar is a warm arid agricultural climate zone, the central part is a mild and semi-arid agricultural climate zone, and the northern part is a warm cool and semi humid agricultural climate zone. The annual average temperature in Qiqihar is between 0.7 and 4.2 degrees centigrade, and the difference between the north and the south is about 3.5 degrees centigrade. The annual average frost free period is 122 to 151 days. The annual radiation is 110-120 kcal / cm2, which is similar to that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the growing period (May to September), the radiation is 65-67 kcal / cm2. The annual sunshine hours are 2600-2900 hours, and the sunshine hours of growing period (may September) are 1300-1350 hours. The annual precipitation is between 400 and 550 mm, and the precipitation in the growing period is generally between 350 and 480 mm, accounting for more than 85% of the annual precipitation. The favorable climatic conditions of Qiqihar city are abundant radiation, rainy and hot in the same season, while the unfavorable climatic conditions are drought, waterlogging, low temperature, early frost, wind and so on.

hydrology

89% of Qiqihar urban area belongs to Nenjiang River Basin and 11% belongs to Wuyuer River Basin. Nenjiang River is a secondary tributary of Heilongjiang river system, which is an outflow River in Heilongjiang Basin, while Wuyuer river is an internal river in Heilongjiang outflow area. It is a remarkable feature of urban surface water that the outflow area is the main one and there is a small range of inner flow area in the outflow area. The urban water area is vast and the surface water is rich. Affected by the landform and climate, there are more than 160 lakes in the urban area besides the Nenjiang River and its tributaries, such as Aron River, Yin River, Ergou River, Kule River, Yalu River and Wuyuer river. There is no large tributary on the East Bank of Nenjiang River in alluvial plain area. There are four, and most of them are distributed in the north and the south, and the middle of the vast area

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Qi Qi Ha Er Shi