Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

Guangzhou, also known as Yangcheng and Huacheng, is the capital of Guangdong Province, a vice provincial city, a national central city, a mega city and a core city of Guangzhou metropolitan area. It is also an important central city, an international business center and a comprehensive transportation hub in China approved by the State Council. By 2019, the city has 11 districts with a total area of 7434 square kilometers, built-up area of 1249.11 square kilometers, permanent resident population of 15305900, urban population of 13233500, and urbanization rate of 86.46%.

China City China is located in the south of China, the lower reaches of the Pearl River, and the South China Sea. It is the headquarters of the war zone in southern China, the national logistics hub, the national comprehensive gateway city, and the first coastal open city. It is the southern gateway to China, the central city of Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao, the central city of the Pan Pearl River Delta economic zone and the hub city along the way.

Guangzhou is one of the first batch of national famous historical and cultural cities. It is the birthplace of Guangfu culture. Since the Qin Dynasty, it has been the seat of county, state and government. It is also the political, military, economic, cultural, scientific and educational center of South China. It has been the main port of the maritime Silk Road since the third century AD, the largest port in China in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the world-famous Oriental port city. It was the only foreign trade port in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the only port in the world that has been prosperous for more than 2000 years.

Guangzhou is rated as one of the world's first tier cities by GaWC, a global authority. The annual China Import and Export Fair attracts a large number of investors, foreign-funded enterprises and world top 500 enterprises. Chinese mainland China ranked the second best commercial city in 2017, ranking the third among the top 100 city cities in China. Forbes In 2018, the human development index of Guangzhou ranked first in China, and the national central city index ranked third in China. By 2019, the total number of college students in Guangzhou has reached 1139600, ranking first in China.

It is said that the earliest place name of Guangzhou is "Chu Ting" (or "Chu Ting"). Under the Zhongshan monument on Yuexiu mountain, there is a stone archway built by the people of the Qing Dynasty, which is engraved with the word "ancient Chu Pavilion". Many historical records regard "chuting" as the prototype of Guangzhou, which is the earliest appellation of Guangzhou, 2847 years ago. It is said that five immortals, dressed in colorful clothes, riding on colorful sheep, carrying a stem and six ears of fine rice seeds, came to the "Chu court", presented the rice to the local people, and wished that there would never be famine here. After that, the five immortals left, and the five sheep became stones. To commemorate the five immortals, the local people built a five immortals temple. It is said that the five immortals temple is where the "Chu court" is located. Thus, Guangzhou has the nicknames of "Yangcheng" and "Suicheng".

In the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou was always the administrative center of county, prefecture and government. In the late Qin, early Han and late Tang Dynasties, there were two separate small states in Guangzhou. In the late Qin Dynasty, it was Nanyue state. Zhao Tuo (Nanhai Wei of Qin) became Nanyue King, and Guangzhou became Nanyue King's capital (206-111 BC). At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yan (also known as Liu Gong) was the emperor of Guangzhou. His name was Southern Han Dynasty (917-971 A.D.) and his capital was Guangzhou (then called xingwangfu). Guangzhou was designated as Nanhai County in the Qin Dynasty (214 BC). Since the past dynasties, its administrative jurisdiction has been the smallest in the central and northern parts of Guangdong Province, and the largest in most parts of Guangdong and Guangxi.

In 214 BC, after the first emperor of Qin unified Lingnan, Nanhai county was set up in Guangzhou. At that time, Nanhai Jun Ren Xiao built a city outline near jiucang lane of Zhongshan 4th Road, which was called "Ren Xiao city", and Guangzhou was the seat of the county. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Nanhai county had an administrative jurisdiction of about 140000 square kilometers, ranging from guanpingshi in the north, Zhangpu in Fujian in the east to Zhanjiang in the West. Later, Zhao Tuo continued to serve as Nanhai County captain. In order to consolidate its rule in Lingnan, the Qin Dynasty moved 500000 residents from the Central Plains to Lingnan. After three upsurges of immigration from the Central Plains in the Jin, song and Ming Dynasties, three major ethnic groups, Guangfu, Hakka and Fulao, were gradually formed, and a unique Lingnan culture was formed. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo became emperor Wu of South Vietnam, and extended his jurisdiction to Leizhou Peninsula, Guangxi, Guilin, and northern Vietnam.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified the Nanyue state in 111 BC, he divided the former Zhao Tuo separatist area into nine counties (later reduced to seven counties). Guangzhou was still called Nanhai County, and it was called Jiaozhou after it belonged to Jiaozhi. The administrative scope of Nanhai county was narrowed. Jiaozhouzhi was once moved to Wuzhou, Guangxi, and Guangzhou city once declined. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangzhou belonged to the state of Wu. In 216 A.D., bu Ge, the governor of Jiaozhou in the state of Wu, moved the rule of Jiaozhou back to Guangzhou from Wuzhou. In 226 A.D., he changed Jiaozhou to Guangzhou, thus the name of Guangzhou began. The administrative area of Guangzhou in Han Dynasty was about 105000 square kilometers.

In the Jin Dynasty, Guangzhou was still called Nanhai County, where the state was governed. However, the administrative jurisdiction of Nanhai county was narrower than that of Han Dynasty, which divided Meixian, Chaoshan, Huiyang and other areas in the East. In Jin Dynasty, Nanhai County covered an area of about 46000 square kilometers. In southern, northern and Sui dynasties, Guangzhou was still the state, where the county was located, and the scope of the state changed slightly.

In the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou was known as the dudufu of Guangzhou, which was the location of the Daozhi and Dufu of Lingnan road. The administrative boundary of the Dufu of Guangzhou reached Baoan and Zhongshan in the south, Qingyuan in the north and Sihui in the West. HUAIJI covers an area of about 42000 square kilometers. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yan became emperor in Guangzhou, known as the state of the Southern Han Dynasty. Guangzhou was the Xingwang mansion, and Xianning and Changkang counties were set up in Guangzhou to imitate Chang'an, the capital of the emperor.

In 970 A.D., after the Southern Han Dynasty was leveled by the Song Dynasty, the palace of King Xing was still called Guangzhou (the name of Guangzhou has been used since then), and Guangzhou was the place governed by Guangnan East Road (Guangdong for short). The name of Guangdong Province began from then on. The administrative area of Guangzhou is about 43000 square kilometers. In Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou was called Guangzhou Road (Yuan Dynasty) and Guangzhou government (Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty), all of which were governed by the province (Guangdong Province was called Guangdong Road in Yuan Dynasty, Guangdong chief secretary in Ming Dynasty and Guangdong Province in Qing Dynasty). Although the scope of the administrative region changed, it was not big. Until the Qing Dynasty, the administrative area of Guangzhou government was about 31000 square kilometers.

Before liberation, under the rule of the Kuomintang, Guangzhou was designated as a city and still the capital of the province. The administrative area of Guangzhou is much smaller than that of other historical periods. It extends to the whole island and Fangcun in Henan Province in the south, chebei in the East and baihuichang in the north, covering an area of 248 square kilometers. After liberation, Guangzhou was once designated as a municipality directly under the central government. In 1954, when the national administrative region was adjusted, Guangzhou became a city under the jurisdiction of a province. Due to the production and urban development, the administrative region of Guangzhou has been expanded for many times, and now the area under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou is 7434.4 square kilometers.

In 2010, Guangzhou Asian Games was held. On December 15, 2019, it will be ranked among the top 10 Chinese city brands of the year.

administrative division

Guangzhou has a total urban area of 7434.4 square kilometers. The city level co ordinating districts are Yuexiu, Haizhu, Liwan, Tianhe, Baiyun, Huangpu and Nansha, referred to as "old seven districts". Dongshan, Fangcun and Luogang were originally one of the old seven districts, which were later abolished due to the merger. Nansha is a new part of the old seven districts. The old four districts originally refer to Yuexiu District, Dongshan District, Haizhu District and Liwan District, but after the regional adjustment, the old three districts (old urban area) are adopted, which refer to Yuexiu District, Liwan District and Haizhu District; the new four districts are Panyu District, Huadu District, Conghua district and Zengcheng District.

geographical environment

Location context

Guangzhou is located in the south of China, the south central part of Guangdong Province and the north central edge of the Pearl River Delta. It is the confluence of Xijiang River, Beijiang River and Dongjiang River. It is close to the South China Sea, bordering BOLUO and Longmen counties in the East, Sanshui, Nanhai and Shunde in the west, Qingyuan City, Fogang County and Xinfeng County in the north, Dongguan City and Zhongshan City in the south, and Hong Kong and Macao across the sea. It is one of the starting points of the maritime Silk Road China's "South Gate" is the core city of Guangzhou Foshan metropolitan area, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao metropolitan area and Pearl River Delta metropolitan area.

Guangzhou is located at 112 degrees 57 minutes to 114 degrees 3 minutes east longitude and 22 degrees 26 minutes to 23 degrees 56 minutes north latitude. The city center is located at 23 degrees 06 minutes 32 seconds north latitude and 113 degrees 15 minutes 53 seconds east longitude.

landforms

Guangzhou is a hilly area with high terrain in the northeast and low terrain in the southwest. It is backed by mountains and facing the sea. In the north, it is a hilly area with concentrated forests. The highest peak is the tiantangding at the junction of Conghua City and Longmen County in the north, with an altitude of 1210 meters. In the northeast, it is a medium and low mountain area with Baiyun Mountain known as "Shifei". In the middle, it is a Hilly Basin, and in the south, it is a coastal alluvial plain, which is an integral part of the Pearl River Delta.

climate

Guangzhou is located in the subtropical coast, and the Tropic of cancer passes through the central and southern part of the city. It has a marine subtropical monsoon climate, characterized by warm and rainy, sufficient light and heat, long summer and short frost period. The annual average temperature is 20-22 degrees Celsius, which is one of the largest cities in China with the smallest annual average temperature difference. The hottest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of 28.7 ℃. The coldest month is January, and the monthly average temperature is 9 ~ 16 ℃. The average relative humidity is 77%, and the annual rainfall in the urban area is about 1720 mm. In the whole year, the rainy season is from April to June, the weather is hot and typhoon prone from July to September, the temperature is moderate in October, November and March, and the cool winter is from December to February. In the same period of water and heat throughout the year, abundant rainfall is conducive to the growth of plants. It is a "Flower City" with evergreen and colorful flowers all the year round.

hydrology

Guangzhou is located in the south water rich area, with developed river system, large and small rivers (surges) and vast water area. There are 22 rivers with rainfall collection area of more than 100 square kilometers, and 1368 rivers with river width of more than 5 meters, with a total length of 5597.36 kilometers and a river density of 0.75 km / square kilometers, forming a unique Lingnan water town cultural characteristics.

natural resources

Biological resources

Cultivation in Guangzhou

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Guang Zhou Shi