Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province

Liaoyang Liaoyang, formerly known as Xiangping and Liaodong City, is a prefecture level city in Liaoning Province, a modern industrial city with petrochemical industry in China approved by the State Council, and one of the central cities in central and southern Liaoning. As of 2018, the city has five districts, one county and one county-level city under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 4743 square kilometers, a built-up area of 139.5 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 1.831 million, an urban population of 1.1427 million, and an urbanization rate of 62.41%.

Liaoyang is located in Northeast China and central Liaoning Province. It is a sub central city of Shenyang Economic Zone, an emerging modern petrochemical textile industrial base, an excellent tourist city in China, and a national historical and cultural city. It is one of the earliest cities in Northeast China. From the 3rd century B.C. to the early 17th century B.C., it has been the political, economic, cultural center, transportation hub and military center of Northeast China.

Liaoyang, one of the oldest cities in Liaoning Province, is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2300 years. During the Warring States period, it was the seat of Liaodong County in the state of Yan. In the early Han Dynasty, Liaoyang was the capital of Liaodong state, and later Liaodong county was still located here. In Gongsun's period, Xiangping was governed by Pingzhou and Liaodong. In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, Xiangping became the capital of Liaodong state again, and later changed to the state of Pingzhou. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liaoyang was successively occupied by the local ethnic regimes of Qianyan, qianqin, Houyan and Gaogouli. In Tang Dynasty, Liaoyang was the governor of Liaocheng Prefecture, and once became the governor of Anton city. In Liao and Jin Dynasties, Liaoyang Prefecture was set up in Tokyo. Yuan Dynasty was the residence of Liaoyang province. In the Ming Dynasty, the command department of Liaodong capital was set up to govern the whole territory of Liaoning. In the early Qing Dynasty, Liaoyang was the capital of Liaoyang, and then Liaoyang Prefecture was established. Liaoyang County was established in the Republic of China.

In 2019, Liaoyang's GDP will reach 83.1 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5% over the previous year at comparable prices.

Historical evolution

According to archaeological findings, there are many stone age cultural sites in the middle reaches of the Taizi River Basin. As far as 6000 or 7000 years ago, there were human beings working, living and reproducing here in Liaoyang.

Before the spring and Autumn period, it was the place where the Chinese ancestors (mainly Donghu) and the Shang immigrants lived. Donghu people were brave and good at riding and shooting. After a long primitive clan life, they entered the slave society.

In the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Liaoyang area is a natural division of Yingzhou area, which has no national administrative significance.

In the Zhou Dynasty, Liaoyang belonged to Youzhou. In the fourth year of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty (1066 BC), King Wu Ke Shang "released the prisoner of Jizi and went to Korea (today's Liaoyang area) to seal it.". Jizi brought the culture and advanced production technology of the Central Plains, promoted the development of production and promoted the national integration.

In the 28th to 33rd year of King Yanzhao (about 284bc to 279bc), Qin Kai, a general of yanzhao, rushed to Donghu, making "Donghu but more than 1000 Li", and then attacked Jishi Korea, "taking land for two thousand li". Then Liaodong county was set up in Liaohe River Basin, and Xiangping county was set up at the same time.

In the 29th year of emperor Xi of Yan (226 B.C.), in order to avenge the assassination of Jing Ke sent by Prince Dan of Yan, the king of Qin raised his troops to attack Yan. The Qin army captured Ji, the capital of Yan state (today's Beijing City), "Prince Dan was hidden in Yanshui" (today's prince river). King Yan liked to listen to Wang Jia's plan, killed Prince Dan and offered his head to the king of Qin in order to strike. The king of Qin ignored it and continued to fight in Liaodong. Five years later (222 BC), the state of Yan was finally annexed by Qin.

In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), the whole country was divided into 36 counties.

In the Western Han Dynasty, following the Qin system, Liaodong Prefecture was still located in Xiangping County, with 18 counties under its jurisdiction, including Xiangping, jujiu, Xinchang, Wuwu, Wangping, Fang, Houcheng and Liaodui. Among them, there are Xiangping County, jujiu county (near the foot of Liangjia mountain in Helan town of Liaoyang County) and Liaodui county (near gaotuozi in xiaobeihe town of Liaoyang County). At the end of the Western Han Dynasty (AD 9), Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, and the name of the state was new. Liaodong county is still set up, with 18 counties, and the county government is located in Xiangping, and Xiangping county is changed into Changping County. After the death of the new dynasty, it was renamed Xiangping county.

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Liaodong county was still established, which governed Xiangping and LED 11 counties. Xiangping led the county. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (189), gongsundu, the governor of Liaodong, became the Marquis of Liaodong and was called pingzhoumu. Liaodong county was divided into Liaodong County, Zhongliao County and Liaoxi county. Liaodong County led Xiangping County, jujiu county and Anshi county. Gongsunyuan, the grandson of gongsunduzhi, became the king of Yan after he came into power. He set up a hundred officials and a department, and soon became a vassal of Sunquan in the eastern Wu Dynasty.

In the Western Han Dynasty, it was an important town in the northeast of China. In commerce, handicraft, mining, culture and art, it was the central city of Liaodong. The murals found in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as chariot guard of honor, banquet, music and dance, acrobatics, Cang Chen, Pao kitchen, etc., show that the material life and spiritual and cultural life of Xiangping City reached a very high level at that time. According to records, Xiangping was a large-scale city with square earth buildings and gates on all sides. The population inside and outside the city reached more than 300000. It was the largest county in Liaodong county. It was not only the political, military, economic and cultural center, but also the distribution center of commodity trade and various goods.

In 238, Sima Yi was ordered to lead the Wei army to denounce Gongsun yuan. In the same year, Gongsun's regime was eliminated and Liaodong county was incorporated into the territory of Wei. In the former Gongsun control area, Wei set up Pingzhou (first ruling Liaoyang dongxiapingzhou, later moving to xiangpingcheng), and governed Liaodong and other five counties. In Xiangping, Dongyi Xiaowei was set up to take charge. Liaodong County governs 9 counties, with Xiangping as the leading county. Later, Pingzhou was merged into Youzhou.

In 274, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty restored Pingzhou. (the hospital was first moved to Changli and now Yixian, and then back to Xiangping). Jurisdiction Liaodong, xuantu, Changli three counties. Liaodong County governs 8 counties, with Xiangping as the leading county. At the same time, it also set up the guard Dongyi Xiaowei, the governor of Pingzhou and the guard Dongyi Xiaowei to manage the nationalities in the Northeast mainland and Korean peninsula from the north of Pingzhou to the Heilongjiang River Basin, which is actually the Northeast administrative organization. In 227, Sima Rui was granted the title of king of Liaodong, and Liaodong county was changed into Liaodong state. Six years later, the state was removed and Liaodong county was restored.

In the second year of Daxing in Jin Dynasty (319), muronggu of Xianbei nationality rebuilt Qianyan, conquered Liaodong County, occupied Xiangping, and classified the area east of Liaohe River as a subordinate state of Liaodong. During the period of the former Yan Dynasty, Pingzhou had jurisdiction over 10 counties including Liaodong and Liaoxi. Liaodong county had jurisdiction over 12 counties including Xiangping, jujiu and Anshi. The prefecture and county governments were all located in Xiangping county. In the eighth year of Xianhe (333) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Murong died and his son Murong took the throne. The eastern Liao state still governed Xiangping and governed eight counties, including Xiangping and jujiu. In the fifth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (380), Qianyan was destroyed by the former Qin Dynasty, and Liaodong was under the jurisdiction of the former Qin Dynasty. In 384 A.D., murongchui, the son of murongchui, set up an army to restore the country. It was for the later Yan Dynasty. Pingzhou and Liaodong counties led the county and their administrative centers were the same as those of the former Qin Dynasty.

At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Gaogouli tribe in northern China rose. In 404 ad (the third year of Yuanxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Gaogouli occupied the land of Liaodong, and changed Xiangping city into Liaodong city. The name of Xiangping was first called by the state of Yan and was abolished.

In 435, the first year of Taiyan in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the king of Koguryo sent envoys to pay tribute to the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Bailian was the governor of Liaohai military, and he was the Duke of Liaodong county and the king of Koguryo. In 492 ad, the later Wei Dynasty took Wang Yun of Koguryo as the governor of Liaohai military affairs and was the founder of Liaodong county. In 519 ad, King Yun of Koguryo died, taking shizian as the founder of Liaodong county and king of Koguryo. In 577, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty appointed Wang Yang of Koguryo as the founder of Liaodong county. When the Gaogouli nationality occupied the eastern Liaoning city, the location and scale of the city were the same as those in the Western Han Dynasty.

From the former Yan Dynasty to the end of the northern and Southern Dynasties, Eastern Liaoning was ruled by the former Yan Dynasty, the later Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. During this period, the rulers of all ethnic groups had separate regimes and wars with each other. As a result, the economy of Eastern Liaoning, which had been developed since Qin and Han Dynasties, was destroyed, and Xiangping society was in turmoil.

In the Sui Dynasty, the Gaogouli system was still used in Eastern Liaoning. The Sui Dynasty did not tolerate the existence of local separatist forces. It sent troops to Liaodong three times, but all failed.

In the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan (645), Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, led a large army to invade Koguryo and began to conquer Liaodong city (now the old city of Liaoyang City). After Tang Dynasty occupied Liaodong City, it was called liaozhou. The next year, it was still called Liaodong city. In the same year, the Tang army captured baiyancheng (now Yanzhou City) and changed its land to Yanzhou. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (668), the army of Tang Dynasty captured Pyongyang and set up Anton Duhufu, which governed 9 dududufu, 42 states and 100 counties. In 676 ad, Anton Duhufu moved to Liaodong city.

In the 10th century, the Qidan nationality rose and was named Liao after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the third year of Shence (918), Yelv abaoji, the emperor Taizu of Liao Dynasty, captured Liaodong city and set up Liaoyang mansion. The following year, on the basis of Xiangping old city, Liaoyang old city was repaired and changed into Dongping County, where defense envoys were set up, and "iron Phoenix was cast for the town", so it was called iron Phoenix City. In the third year of Tianxian (928), Emperor Yelu Deguang of Liao Taizong ascended the throne and changed Liaoyang prefecture to Nanjing. As the auxiliary capital of Liao Dynasty, he moved to Liaoyang, the capital of Dongdan state, built Dongdan Palace (now the northeast corner of Liaoyang old city), and moved to Yelu Beiju (the first year of liaotianxian, 926 A.D., Liao destroyed Bohai Sea, changed his state to Dongdan state dongqidan, and established Prince Yelu Beiju as emperor). In the first year of Huitong (938), Nanjing was changed to Tokyo and Liaoyang Prefecture was set up. Tokyo road was set up to govern 40 states. Its jurisdiction extends to the lower reaches of Daling River in the west of Kangping County, to the sea of Japan in the East, to the South Bank of the lower reaches of Yalu River in the southeast, to the starting point of Songnen confluence in the north, and to the lower reaches of Heilongjiang Province in the northeast. Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo governs Liaoyang, Xianxiang, Heye, Ximu, Zimeng

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