Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province

Chaoyang, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province, was called "Longcheng" in ancient times. Located in the west of Liaoning Province, the terrain is higher in the north, northwest and southwest, and lower in the East. It is located in the north temperate continental monsoon climate zone. It governs two districts, three counties and two cities, with a total area of 19736 square kilometers. By the end of 2020, the total household registered residence in Chaoyang City was 3 million 349 thousand.

Chaoyang is the hub of political, economic and cultural exchanges between Northeast China and central China. Today's Chaoyang City is adjacent to the central Liaoning industrial city group in the East, the Bohai Sea in the south, the Beijing Tianjin Tang economic circle in the west, and the Inner Mongolia hinterland in the north. It has both land and sea, convenient transportation and superior geographical location. Chaoyang has been the link between Northeast China and the Central Plains since ancient times, so it has become a multi-ethnic historical city in Northeast China and a strategic place beyond the Great Wall.

In 2020, Chaoyang's GDP will reach 87 billion yuan, an increase of 27.4% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 20.22 billion yuan, an increase of 3.25%; the added value of the secondary industry was 24.98 billion yuan, an increase of 3.25%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 41.85 billion yuan, an increase of 2.9%.

Historical evolution

Chaoyang was named after Chaoyang cave in Fenghuang Mountain in 1778.

During the spring and Autumn period, Chaoyang area was the active area of Shanrong and Donghu. At the same time, Yan Guoji (Ji) also went north to Chaoyang area.

During the Warring States period, it belonged to the state of Yan, with gouze capital, Yang'an capital, baigeng capital and Youcheng capital.

In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Liaoxi county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Liaoxi county was in the East and youbeiping County in the West. There are Liucheng County, Husu county and Bailang county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei was in the west, and Liaoxi was in the East. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Gongsun duping Prefecture.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wuhuan was in the West and Changli was in the East.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, yuwenbu was in Xianbei in the West and Changli in the East.

During the Sixteen States period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Qianyan, qianqin, Houyan and Beiyan successively. Before, after, North Yan (three Yan) once built capital Longcheng (Chaoyang).

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, Yingzhou was set up in the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, and Northern Qi dynasties, leading Changli and Jiande counties.

In the Sui Dynasty, Liucheng county was established.

In the Tang Dynasty, the governor's office of Yingzhou and the protector's office of Dongyi capital were set up.

During the Liao Dynasty, it belonged to Dading Prefecture of Zhongjing, with Bazhou, Jianzhou, Huizhou, Yuzhou, Lizhou, Tanzhou, andezhou, Qianzhou and chuanzhou. In 1041, Bazhou was promoted to Xingzhong Prefecture.

In Jin Dynasty, Dading mansion was located in the west of Beijing Road, and Xingzhong mansion was located in the East.

During the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Daning road. In the territory of home xingzhongzhou, Lizhou, chuanzhou, Jianzhou.

During the Ming Dynasty, from the 25th year of Hongwu to the first year of Yongle (1392-1403), it belonged to the Yingzhou garrison of daningdusi. There were five garrisons in front, back, left, right and middle of Yingzhou garrisons and yewushou garrisons in the territory. Later, they all entered Taining garrisons.

In the Qing Dynasty, tazigou hall was set up in the West in 1738. In 1774, three pagodas were set up in the East. In 1778, the second hall was abolished and changed to Jianchang County and Chaoyang County respectively, both under the jurisdiction of Chengde Prefecture. In 1904, Chaoyang County was promoted to Chaoyang Prefecture.

In 1931, it was under the jurisdiction of Rehe province. In 1934, it was under the jurisdiction of Rehe and Jinzhou provinces. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), Jianchang County merged with Kazuo and set up the left wing Office of Kalaqin, which was under the jurisdiction of Rehe province; Chaoyang County was changed into the Right Banner of tumed, Jianping County was also the Right Banner of Kalaqin, and Beipiao county was designated as the Middle Banner of tumed, which was under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou province.

In September 1945, the territory was liberated one after another and under the jurisdiction of Rehe province.

In 1956, it was transferred to Liaoning Province. In 1958, Chaoyang City was established in the urban area of Chaoyang County. Chaoyang, Jianping (in Jianping town), Beipiao, Jianchang, Lingyuan and Kalaqin left-wing Mongolian Autonomous County (in Dachengzi town) of the former Jinzhou district were under the leadership of Chaoyang City. In 1959, Jianping County moved from Jianping town to yebaishou town.

In 1964, Chaoyang City was abolished and merged into Chaoyang County. Chaoyang District is set up, and the special office is located in Chaoyang County. Chaoyang, Jianping (based in yebaishou town), Beipiao, Lingyuan, Jianchang and Kalaqin left wing Mongolian Autonomous County (based in Dachengzi town) belong to Chaoyang District. It has jurisdiction over 5 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1970, Chaoyang District was renamed Chaoyang District. On August 30, 1979, the State Council approved the re establishment of Chaoyang City, which was officially established in June 1980. Chaoyang City is led by Chaoyang District. The district is located in Chaoyang City, with jurisdiction over 1 city, 5 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

On June 30, 1984, Chaoyang City was upgraded to a city under the jurisdiction of a province. Shuangta and Longcheng districts were established. Chaoyang District was abolished, and five counties including Chaoyang, Beipiao, Jianping, Jianchang, Lingyuan and Kalaqin Mongolian Autonomous County were put under the jurisdiction of Chaoyang City.

On January 17, 1985, Beipiao county was abolished and Beipiao City (county level) was established. On June 12, 1989, Jianchang County of Chaoyang City was under the jurisdiction of Jinxi city. On December 21, 1991, Lingyuan county was abolished and Lingyuan City was established.

administrative division

As of October 2018, Chaoyang City has jurisdiction over Shuangta district and Longcheng District, Chaoyang County, Jianping County, karaqin left wing Mongolian Autonomous County and Beipiao and Lingyuan. Chaoyang Street, Shuangta District, where the Municipal People's government is located.

geographical environment

Location context

Chaoyang City is located in the west of Liaoning Province. Its jurisdiction is between 118 ° 50 ′ e to 121 ° 17 ′ E and 40 ° 25 ′ n to 42 ° 22 ′ n. the East-West span is about 165 km, the North-South span is about 216 km, and the boundary perimeter is about 980 km. It borders Chifeng and Tongliao in the north, Huludao in Liaoning Province and Qinhuangdao in Hebei Province in the south, Fuxin and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province in the East and Chengde and Qinhuangdao in Hebei Province in the West. The total area is 19736 square kilometers.

topographic features

Chaoyang City is located in the transition zone from Inner Mongolia Plateau to coastal plain, which belongs to mountainous and hilly area. Chaoyang City is characterized by low mountains and hills. The terrain is higher in the north, northwest and southwest, and lower in the East, which is like a dustpan opening to the East. According to the geomorphological origin and morphological characteristics, Chaoyang City can be divided into four topographic units: the central and western low mountain area, the eastern low mountain and hilly area, the river alluvial plain, and the Intermountain basin. In Chaoyang City, Songling mountain and Nuluerhu mountain run through the whole area in Northeast southwest direction, with alluvial plain and Intermountain basin between them.

climate

Chaoyang is located in the north temperate continental monsoon climate zone. Although the southeast is affected by the warm and humid ocean, due to the frequent invasion of dry and cold air in the northern Mongolian Plateau, a semi dry and semi humid area is formed, with four distinct seasons, hot and rainy seasons, sufficient sunshine, large daily temperature difference and less precipitation. The annual average temperature is 5.4 ℃ - 8.7 ℃; the average annual sunshine hours are 2850-2950 hours; the annual precipitation is 450-580mm; the frost free period is 120-155 days. In spring and autumn, it is windy and prone to drought. The wind force is generally 2-3. The temperature is higher in summer, and the northwest wind is prevailing in winter.

hydrology

There are 47 large and small rivers in Chaoyang City, with a total length of about 2278 kilometers. Among them, there are 5 rivers with a drainage area of more than 1000 square kilometers, namely Daling River, Xiaoling River, Qinglong River, Liugu River and Laoha River, with 42 tributaries. There are water systems in all the six counties (cities), among which Chaoyang and Beipiao have developed water systems and formed broad zonal plain by alluvial. Most of the rivers in other counties are tributaries with small water flow.

There are three basic characteristics of rivers in Chaoyang City: due to the small precipitation, the river runoff is not abundant. Under normal conditions, except summer and autumn, the water filling capacity of the river is not large. The river surface is narrow and the depth of water is small, often showing intermittent state. Except Laoha River, the other four rivers flow from west to east to Southeast or straight south. The riverbed is steep. There are mountains and rocks in the upper reaches of the river. The river is narrow and has a large drop, resulting in a strong cutting on the terrain. The middle and lower reaches of the river bend and stretch, and the velocity becomes slow, showing a gentle and circuitous scene.

natural resources

water resource

Chaoyang City is located in the transition zone from Inner Mongolia Plateau to coastal plain. It is a mountainous and hilly area in the west of Liaoning Province with insufficient water resources. According to the geological structure and water bearing characteristics of rocks, the groundwater in Chaoyang area can be divided into four categories: pore water of loose strata, fissure water of carbonate rocks, pore water of clastic rocks and fissure water of bedrock. The chemical types of groundwater in most areas are calcium bicarbonate and calcium magnesium type, followed by calcium bicarbonate and calcium sodium type. In some areas, there are calcium chloride sulfate type water and calcium bicarbonate sulfate type water. In some areas, the fluorine content in shallow groundwater is higher. The salinity of the water is generally about 0.3 g / L, the highest is not more than 1 g / L, and the pH value is between 7 and 8.0, which belongs to neutral to weakly alkaline water. The surface water of Chaoyang City is mainly precipitation and runoff, and precipitation is the supply source of water resources.

plant resources

Chaoyang City is a semi-arid temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone with North China flora transiting northward to arid grassland type. Due to the complex geomorphic types, uneven distribution of heat resources and great differences in temperature and precipitation, there are obvious differences in the distribution of plant resources between North and south. In the south, the vegetation condition is good, which has the characteristics of North China flora; in the north, the ecological function is poor, and there are many drought type plants in Inner Mongolia. There are more than 1500 kinds of vascular plants in the city, including more than 220 kinds of woody plants (trees and shrubs), and some rare plants. Plant resources include forest resources, grassland resources and wild economic plant resources. There are many kinds of plants in Chaoyang City

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Chao Yang Shi