Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province

Jinzhou is a prefecture level city in Liaoning Province, a central city in the western region of Liaoning Province approved by the State Council, and an important industrial and port city in Liaoning Province. As of 2018, the city has 3 districts, 2 counties and 2 county level cities, with a total area of 10301 square kilometers, with an area of 137.2 square kilometers, 2 million 949 thousand and 600 registered residence, 1 million 248 thousand and 800 registered residence towns and 42.34% urbanization rate.

Jinzhou is located in Northeast China, southwest Liaoning and the east of "Liaoxi corridor", with a coastline of 124 km. It is a transportation hub connecting North China and Northeast China. It is a demonstration base of national scientific and technological achievements transformation service (Jinzhou), one of the top 100 cities in China's investment environment, the most valuable new financial ecological city in China, the city of China's living environment model award, and Jinzhou in 2013 The host city of the world horticultural exposition.

Jinzhou has a history of more than 2100 years and was named in Liao Dynasty. In 1949, Liaoxi province was founded after the liberation of Northeast China. Jinzhou, the capital city of Liaoxi Province, became a regional political, economic and cultural center. Jinzhou has formed a three-dimensional transportation network with complete airports, seaports, railways, highways and oil and gas pipelines. In December 2015, the newly-built jinzhouwan airport was successfully navigable. It is one of the three major logistics centers in Liaoning Province and the material distribution center and Trade Center in western Liaoning Province, with the largest wholesale and retail trade volume in western Liaoning.

In 2019, the GDP of Jinzhou City will reach 107.3 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 2.5% at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 19.83 billion yuan, up 3.8%; the added value of the secondary industry was 27.92 billion yuan, down 9.7%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 59.56 billion yuan, up 9.7%. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

Jinzhou has a long history. According to archaeological excavation, since ancient times, there has been human labor in Jinzhou, which is closely related to the Central Plains culture.

During the slave society of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, it belonged to Ji and you prefectures;

In the spring and Autumn period, it belonged to Yandi; in the Warring States period, it belonged to yanliaoxijun;

In Qin Dynasty and Western Han Dynasty, they belonged to western Liaoning and Eastern Liaoning respectively; in Eastern Han Dynasty, most of them belonged to Eastern Liaoning;

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Changli County of Youzhou;

In Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Changli County of Pingzhou;

In the Sui Dynasty, the western part belonged to Liucheng (now Chaoyang) Prefecture, while the eastern part belonged to Yan Prefecture;

In the early Tang Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Yingzhou (today's Chaoyang) governor's office, later under the jurisdiction of Anton Du's protector's office, and then under the jurisdiction of Pinglu Jiedushi;

Liao Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Zhongjing Dao and Dongjing Dao respectively. In 911-926 ad, Yelu abaoji, the emperor of Liao Dynasty, "built Jinzhou with Han captives", and Jinzhou's name began at that time;

In Jin Dynasty, Liao Dao system was changed to Lu system, which was under the jurisdiction of Beijing Lu at that time;

The Yuan Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Daning road and guangningfu road;

In Ming Dynasty, there were Guangning guards, Tun guards in front, back, left, right and middle of Guangning (now Jinzhou), Yizhou guards and Ningyuan guards, which were first under the command of Liaodong capital and then under the jurisdiction of Liaodong governor;

In the first year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the central, left, right and three tunwei of Guangning were established as Jinxian County; in the third year of Emperor Kangxi, Guangning Prefecture was established and soon abolished; in the fourth year of Emperor Kangxi, Jinzhou Prefecture was established;

After the founding of the Republic of China, the government was abolished and counties were set up. At that time, the counties were under the jurisdiction of Liaoshen Dao in Fengtian province. In 1928, the Daoism system was abolished. In 1929, the province was renamed Liaoning, and then the counties were directly under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province. In 1931, Shenyang "9 · 18" incident broke out, the Anti Japanese war broke out, Jinzhou was occupied in January 1932, and the puppet Manchuria state was established on March 1, 1932 Under the rule of the Japanese puppet regime, the local people lost their civil rights, the safety of life and property was not guaranteed, and they lost the right to develop themselves. They suffered a lot physically and mentally. The Chinese people's government led the local people to establish the jireliao Anti Japanese base The first route army of the Northeast Anti Japanese allied army fought bravely in Liaoning Province.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the Communist Party once established the western Liaoning Commissioner's office and the Jinzhou Municipal government;

After the liberation of Jinzhou in October 1948, it was under the jurisdiction of Redong special office of Rehe province; in January 1949, the western Liaoning Province was established, and the provincial government was stationed in Jinzhou; in August 1954, the eastern Liaoning Province was merged into Liaoning Province, and Jinzhou City was a city under the jurisdiction of the province;

After the special district was abolished in 1968, the city led county system was implemented;

In 1980, the reform committee of Jinzhou City was abolished and the people's Government of Jinzhou City was established;

administrative division

As of 2019, Jinzhou has three municipal districts, two counties, two county-level cities under its jurisdiction, and three functional areas, namely, Linghai City, Beizhen City, Heishan County, Yi County, Guta District, Linghe District, Taihe District, Songshan New District, Jinzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, and longqiwan New District, with a total area of 10301 square kilometers.

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geographical environment

Regional location

Jinzhou City is located in the southwest of Liaoning Province and the east end of "Liaoxi corridor", adjacent to Bohai Sea in the South and Songling mountains in the north. It is adjacent to the "central and southern Liaoning" industrial zone in the East, the Bohai Sea in the south, the "Beijing Tianjin Tang" industrial zone in the west, and the vast hinterland of western Liaoning, Eastern Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Jilin in the north. It is the intersection of Bohai economic circle and Northeast Asian economic circle, and the golden corridor connecting the Northeast inland and Bohai Sea. East longitude 120 ° 43 '- 122 ° 36', north latitude 40 ° 48 '- 42 ° 08'. It is a transportation hub connecting North China and Northeast China, with a total area of 10301 square kilometers and a coastline of 105 kilometers.

topographic features

The total land area of Jinzhou City is 10301 square kilometers. The mountains in Jinzhou City fluctuate continuously. The terrain is characterized by high in the northwest and low in the southeast. There are Yiwulu mountains at the junction of Yixian County and Beizhen city in the northeast, and Songling mountains in the northwest. The terrain is inclined from northwest to Southeast, which is low mountain area, hilly area and plain area in turn. The land structure of the whole city is "five mountains, one water and four fields".

The area of cultivated land is 357800 hectares, including 20400 hectares of paddy field and 337300 hectares of dry land. The area of orchard is 31500 hectares; the area suitable for forest is 110900 hectares; the area of pasture is 19800 hectares; the area of water area is 85000 hectares; the area of unused land is 207500 hectares. The total length of the coastline is 97.7 km, the area of the coastal waters (0-20 m) is 120000 hectares, and the coastal beach area is 17700 hectares.

climate

Jinzhou City is located in the east of Eurasia, which belongs to warm temperate semi humid climate. The atmospheric circulation is dominated by westerly belt and subtropical system, which is a continental monsoon region. It is warm and windy in spring, hot and rainy in summer, cool and sunny in autumn, cold and dry in winter, four distinct seasons, concentrated precipitation, obvious monsoon and strong wind. The annual average temperature of Jinzhou is 7.8 ~ 9.0 ℃, which decreases from south to north. The annual extreme maximum temperature is 41.8 ℃, and the annual extreme minimum temperature is - 31.3 ℃. The annual frost free period is 144-180 days. The annual average precipitation is 567mm, and the distribution of precipitation is uneven in four seasons. 60-70% of the precipitation is concentrated in summer.

hydrology

Jinzhou coastal zone starts from dalinghekou in the East and ends at Qingpu River in the west, with a total length of 166.5km (including land island sand). Its geographical coordinates are 119 ° 37 ′～ 121 ° 22 ′ E and 39 ° 48 ′～ 40 ° 10 ′ n. The coastal area of Jinzhou City is parallel to the Liaoxi corridor, extending from northeast to southwest, and is located in the north of Bohai Sea and the West Bank of Liaodong Bay. The coast of Jinzhou City is relatively straight, with more sand banks, less rock banks and fewer islands. The main islands are dabijiashan island and xiaobijiashan island.

There are four reefs in Jinzhou, namely, shiche reef, Shifen reef, dafengxia reef and Xiaoshanzi reef. Dabijiashan island is the largest island, and Jinzhou Bay is the largest Bay.

There are three major river systems, Xiaoling River, Daling River and Raoyang River, which originate from overseas and flow through the territory with a drainage area of more than 3000 square kilometers. In the suburbs of Jinzhou, there are Nuer River, Baigu River, xiaobagou River, guanyindong River and erlangdong river. Its characteristics are as follows:

The annual runoff is only over 3 billion cubic meters. The flow in flood season (June to September) accounts for 70% of the annual flow, and the flow in July and August accounts for about half of the annual flow. October to May is the dry season, in which November to march is the freezing period, and the discharge from December to march is generally less than 10%. Spring (April to May) accounts for about 10%. Due to the small flow, many rivers have become seasonal rivers. Usually, the water is shallow or completely dried up, and the Nuer River and Raoyang River have also stopped flowing. Due to the great seasonal variation, the river rises sharply and sometimes becomes a flood. Most rivers have short flow, large drop, shallow water and much sand. The upstream Valley is narrow and the flow is rapid, the mountain torrent breaks out in the flood season, the water potential is turbulent, and the water rises and falls suddenly, causing the traffic to be blocked for a time. However, after the flood peak (lasting for one or two days), traffic can be resumed. Most river sections can be crossed.

High sediment concentration: due to the deforestation of trees and the reclamation of steep slopes in the past, the natural vegetation was destroyed, resulting in high sediment concentration in the river. The average sediment content of Daling River is 13.8 kg per cubic meter, which is the most sediment laden river in the province, with annual sediment transport of nearly 10 million tons.

Long glacial period: the number of ice days increased from southwest to northeast, 127 days for Daling River and 132 days for Raoyang River.

Utilization rate is not high: in addition to groundwater recharge, only 11% of surface water is used. There's no shipping advantage.

Regional differences: flow direction: most rivers flow to the southeast, while the lower reaches of Heishan and Beizhen rivers tend to the southwest,

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Jin Zhou Shi