Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is an Autonomous Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province, a water conservation and supply area of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, an ecological main function area and an ecological civilization demonstration area determined by the state. As of December 2019, the prefecture has jurisdiction over one city and seven counties with a total area of 45000 square kilometers and a total population of 730700, with Tibetans accounting for 54.2% of the total population.

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the west of China, southwest of Gansu Province, and the junction of Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Sichuan Province. It is connected with Aba Prefecture in Sichuan Province in the south, Huangnan Prefecture and Guoluo Prefecture in Qinghai Province in the southwest, and Longnan City, Dingxi City and Linxia Prefecture in the East and North. The whole Prefecture is divided into three natural types: the southern part is the mindieshan area with mild climate, which is one of the "six green treasure houses" in China; the eastern part is hilly and mountainous area with farming and animal husbandry; the northwest part is the vast meadow grassland, which is one of the "five pastoral areas" in China.

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is known as "China's Little Tibet, Gansu's back garden". There are Gahai and zecha national nature reserves, Lianhuashan and Yeliguan national forest parks, Sangke grassland, the first song of the Yellow River, Dayugou and other dozens of natural scenic spots; there are 121 Tibetan Buddhist temples, such as Xiahe Labrang temple, Zhuoni chanding temple and Luqu Langmu temple, which are national cultural relic protection units; there are more than 10 revolutionary sites, such as the tiandang Lazikou and the Russian conference site, which have experienced the long march of the Red Army There are dozens of folk festivals, such as xianglang Festival, sun Buddha Festival, flower picking Festival and flower fair.

It is rated as "the most charming tourist attraction in the west" by the Western Development Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; one of the "50 outdoor paradise for life to feel free" by vision and Adventure magazine of the United States; one of the "50 places to go in one's life" by National Geographic of China; one of the "50 places to go in one's life" by the United Nations Association for the promotion of human settlements development The most ethnic tourism destination.

Historical evolution

In the Neolithic age, this ancient wasteland was developed by human beings in the three rivers and one river valley. The Qiang people in Gannan gradually established their own tribal alliance or attached to the Central Plains Dynasty.

In the Qin Dynasty, some places were under the jurisdiction of Lintao. In the Western Han Dynasty, Longxi County was in the East and Jincheng County in the north, with Baishi and Qiangdao counties.

In the Sui Dynasty, Lintao County, Luohan county and Dangchang county respectively controlled the northwest and southeast parts of Gannan.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the Prefecture was abandoned. Gannan was once the whole of Taozhou, Fangzhou and diezhou, and the parts of Hezhou and dangzhou. The northwest part of Gannan was within the scope of Tuyuhun and Tubo.

In Yuan Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of xuanzhengyuan and under the command of xuanweisi in Tubo.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the capital of Shaanxi. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, most of the Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of gongchang Prefecture, and Xiahe was under the jurisdiction of Fufan Hall of Xunhua.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government set up roads. Lintan county belongs to Lanshan Road, and Xigu county (now Zhouqu County) belongs to Weichuan road. In 1928, Xiahe County was established under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province. In 1937, Zhuoni set up a governing Bureau.

From September to December 1949, Lintan, Zhuoni, Xiahe and Xigu were liberated one after another.

In July 1952, Gannan Tibetan Area Committee was established.

In October 1953, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Region was established.

On July 1, 1955, it was changed into Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

As of April 2018, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Jurisdiction: 1 cooperative city, 7 counties including Lintan County, Zhuoni County, Diebu County, Zhouqu County, Xiahe County, Maqu County and Luqu county.

State people's Government: the state people's government is located at 96 Renmin Street, Hezuo city.

geographical environment

Location context

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is connected with Aba Prefecture in Sichuan Province in the south, Huangnan Prefecture and Guoluo Prefecture in Qinghai Province in the southwest, and Longnan City, Dingxi City and Linxia Prefecture in the East and North. Its geographical coordinates are between 100 ° 46 ′ - 104 ° 44 ′ E and 33 ° 06 ′ - 36 ° 10 ′ n.

topographic features

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the northeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, in the transition zone of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Loess Plateau and Longnan mountain. The terrain of the plate is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. In the territory of overlapping mountains, ravines, complex terrain. The Jishi mountain system in the southwest, the West dipping mountain system in the northwest and the Minshan Dieshan mountain system in the South form the main framework of the state landscape. These high mountains meandering from west to East and the broad plateau between them constitute the main geomorphic areas with an average altitude of more than 3000 meters in the west, North and south of the state. In Zhouqu County, guazigoukou is the lowest point, 1172 meters above sea level, which is located in the east of the whole inclined terrain. Taking a comprehensive view of the topography of the whole Prefecture, there are three geomorphic areas, namely, the mountainous area, the canyon area and the mountainous and hilly area.

geology

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture belongs to the West Qinling fold belt, and its geological structure system mainly belongs to the East-West structure of Qinling. The tectonic belt is located in the central and southern part of the state, which formed early and lasted for a long time. It is the main skeleton structure of the state. After various tectonic movements, especially since Mesozoic era, the EW trending tectonic system of South Qinling has undergone strong changes. According to the analysis of stratigraphic sedimentation, the period of continuous sedimentation or basically continuous sedimentation starts from Sinian system and ends at Triassic system. The geological structure is characterized by shallow shelf facies deposition, occasionally volcanic rock deposition and magmatic intrusion. The inter-a-type subduction and compression at the end of Triassic led to the formation of Indosinian collisional orogenic belt and intense folding in zhoujing. In the Yanshanian period, due to the violent movement of the crust, the fault block tectonic stage was formed. In addition to the formation of Intermountain depressions and many fault basins, they also received continental fluvial and lacustrine deposits of Jurassic or Cretaceous. During this period, there was strong activity in the East-West structural belt, and the wudushan type structure was formed and developed on the basis of the East-West structure. The southern part of the state is located in the front arc of the West Wing of wudushan type, and a reflection arc is formed in Diebu. Qilu Helan Mountain type structural belt, which is located between Yinshan and Qinling East-West structural belts, was also formed during several tectonic movements in Mesozoic. The front arc of its west wing extends to the north of the state.

climate

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has the characteristics of continental seasonal climate. The results showed that there were abundant light, low utilization rate, insufficient heat, large vertical difference, more precipitation and significant geographical distribution difference. Except for Zhouqu and Diebu, there is no severe cold period in some parts of the prefecture, the rest of the prefecture has long winter without summer and short spring and autumn. The annual average temperature in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ranges from 1 ℃ to 13 ℃. The general distribution trend is gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest. The distribution trend of temperature in four seasons is similar to that of annual average temperature, decreasing from southeast to northwest. The annual temperature range is generally between 20-22 ℃ and 23 ℃. Gannan Prefecture has the lowest annual temperature difference in the whole province, with the highest temperature in summer and the maximum value of monthly average temperature in July; the lowest temperature in winter and the minimum value in January. The geographical distribution of precipitation in the whole Prefecture is extremely uneven, and the precipitation varies greatly from place to place. The distribution trend is generally from Langmusi in the southwest to the surrounding areas. The seasonal precipitation distribution is also very uneven, with more warm season, less cold season and significant characteristics of hot and rainy season. The distribution trend of sunshine hours in the whole Prefecture gradually increases from southeast to northwest, with a range of 1800-2600 hours. The seasonal distribution of sunshine hours is uneven. Lintan, Hezuo, Luqu and Langmusi mostly appear in winter; Maqu, Xiahe and Diebu mostly appear in spring; Zhouqu and Zhuoni mostly appear in summer; the sunshine hours in autumn are the least.

hydrology

The main rivers in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are the Yellow River, Taohe River, Daxia River and Bailong River, which belong to the Yellow River system and the Yangtze River system. The Yellow River, Tao River and Daxia River belong to the Yellow River system, while the Bailong River belongs to the Yangtze River system. Taohe River and Daxia River are the primary tributaries of the Yellow River, and Bailong River is the primary tributary of Jialing River. Maqu, Luqu, Zhuoni, Lintan and Xiahe counties under the jurisdiction of the prefecture belong to the Yellow River Basin, and the main rivers are the Yellow River (Shouqu) and its tributaries Tao River and Daxia River; Diebu and Zhouqu counties and Langmusi area of Luqu County belong to the Yangtze River Basin, and the main river is Bailong River.

natural resources

water resource

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located across the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The upper reaches of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are crisscross with abundant water resources and stable annual average runoff. The shallow groundwater resources available for development and utilization are evenly distributed and the recharge source is reliable. The total amount of water resources in the autonomous prefecture is 25.41 billion cubic meters, of which 10.11 billion cubic meters are self produced, accounting for 33.9% of the self produced water in Gansu Province; the inbound water is 15.3 billion cubic meters, accounting for 261000 cubic meters per square kilometer according to the water production modulus, and the groundwater resources are 4.111 billion cubic meters. The distribution trend is greater in the South than in the north, and greater in the West than in the East. According to the drainage system, it can be divided into five divisions. Gannan, located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, is the birthplace of Taohe River, Daxia River and Bailong River, a tributary of the Yangtze River. The eastern part of Gansu Province is a typical high mountain gorge landform with deep valley and concentrated River drop, which is rich in hydropower resources.

mineral resources

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is rich in mineral resources. According to statistics, a total of 260 mineral producing areas have been found in the prefecture, including 56 energy mineral producing areas, 129 non-ferrous metal mineral producing areas and 18 non-metallic mineral producing areas. There are 22 kinds of minerals with proven reserves in the Autonomous Prefecture, including 12 large-scale minerals, 33 medium-sized minerals and 27 small-sized minerals. According to the proved mineral reserves analysis, the dominant minerals in the Autonomous Prefecture are uranium, peat, arsenic, lead-zinc, iron, gold, magnesium, cement limestone and dolomite, and the potential dominant minerals are gypsum, cassiterite and antimony

Chinese PinYin : Gan Su Sheng Gan Nan Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou