Lincang City, Yunnan Province

Lincang Lincang, a prefecture level city in Yunnan Province, is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province. It is adjacent to Pu'er City in the East, Dali Prefecture in the north, Baoshan City in the west, and Myanmar in the southwest. It is located between Lancang River and Nujiang River. It is named for its proximity to Lancang River. The municipal government is 598 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital. It is a shortcut from Kunming to Yangon, Myanmar. It has three national ports and 17 channels.

Lincang is located in the South extension of Nushan mountain in Hengduan Mountain system. It belongs to the longitudinal valley area of Western Yunnan, with subtropical low latitude plateau mountain monsoon climate and rich water resources. It is an important hydropower energy base in China, an important sugar and wine production base in Yunnan. It is located in the center of the origin of tea trees and tea culture in the world. It is the birthplace of Pu'er tea, the birthplace of Yunnan black tea and large leaf steamed green tea, and the largest producer in China Black tea production base and raw material base of Pu'er tea, China's largest Macadamia base city.

As of 2016, Lincang has a permanent resident population of 2.52 million, which governs 8 counties (districts), covering an area of 24000 square kilometers. The government is located in Nanping Street, Nanping West Road, Linxiang district. In 2016, Lincang achieved a GDP of 55.235 billion yuan.

Lincang is one of the birthplaces of Wa culture, inhabiting 23 ethnic groups. It has won the honorary titles of China's top ten green cities, China's Hengchun capital, and China's best livable city. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Evolution of organizational system

During the Shang Dynasty, the ethnic group known as "baihuai" (the ancestors of Wa, Bulang and De'ang) offered jewelry, short dogs and other specialties to the king of Shang. The present Lincang area in the Qin and Western Han Dynasties belongs to Ailao state.

In the second year of Yuanfeng reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (110 BC), Yizhou county was set up in Yunnan, with jurisdiction over 24 counties. Yun county was under the jurisdiction of Yizhou county. In the 12th year of Yongping (AD 69), the Ming emperor, Liu Qian, the king of Ailao, asked to be attached to the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, Ailao (now Tengchong, Longling, Dehong and Lincang) and Bonan (now Yongping) were set up under the jurisdiction of Ailao king. Six counties in the west of Yizhou were cut into Lancang County, and later changed into Yongchang County, which could not control Wei (Baoshan). Jianxing three years (225 years), zhenkang County in yongshoujing, Yongchang County jurisdiction.

In Shu Han Dynasty, Yongchang County added Yongxiang and Yongshou counties, both of which were located in today's Lincang area.

In the first year of Emperor Gaozong's reign (664), the Tang Dynasty set up jiannandao Yaozhou governor's Office (now Yaoan county). Yunxian and Fengqing were under its jurisdiction.

During the period of Nanzhao, ten defeated areas were divided into ten areas, including seven festival degrees and two governors. Fengqing was located in FengChuan area of Tang Dynasty under the jurisdiction of Yongchang Festival degrees. During the Nanzhao period (748-895), tuonancheng was set up in Yongkang, which belonged to Yongchang.

In the early period of Dali Kingdom, Fengqing was still a part of Yongchang Festival, and it was the land of pumanmeng. In the later period of Dali Kingdom, Fengqing was called Qingdian, which was subordinate to Yongchang Prefecture, and changed the city of Tuonan to zhenkang. In the third year of Shaosheng (1096), zhenkang belonged to zhenkangcheng in Jinchi town and Qingdian in Yongchang Prefecture.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to shunning prefect, zhenkang Road, Mengding road and Muyun road.

In the fourth year of yuanxianzong (1254), Yuanbing conquered Kunming and established all the counties in Yunnan. The thirty-six roads and forty-eight dians of manbu all had local officials under the control of Marshal jintoothu of Dali. In the eighth year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1271), it was divided into two groups: Jinchi Baiyi and zhenkang. In 1275, saidianchi changed the East Road pacification department to zhenkang road pacification envoy. In 1278, zhenkang road pacification department was changed to Xuanfu department, and zhenkang road military and civilian general office was established. In the 31th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1294), Mengding road military and civilian general office was set up. In the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1286), zhenkang pacification department was removed and merged into Xuanfu Department of Dali. In March 1326, the southeast of Mengding road was set up as Muyun road. In November 1327, the fourth year of TAIDING, shunning tufu was set up, with Meng family as tuzhifu and Zuo family as tutongzhi, belonging to Dali road. In the first year of Wenzong Tianli (1328), there were shunning Prefecture, baotongzhou, Qingdian county and the marquis.

In Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of shunning and Yongchang.

In the 15th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1382), zhenkang Prefecture was set up, which was subordinate to Yunnan chief secretary. In the 17th year of Hongwu (1384), zhenkang Prefecture was reduced to a prefecture, which was immediately abolished and assigned to WanDian Yuyi Prefecture. In June of the fifth year of Xuande (1430), a MengMian chief was set up in mengtuodi and MengMian in Jingdong. In the 25th year of Wanli (1597), the MengMian governor's lawsuit was changed to MengMian tuxun. In the 26th year of Wanli (1598), shunning tufu was changed to tuguiliu, and shunning tufu was still set up under Jintang road. Change Dahou prefecture to Yunzhou, and set up Liuguan.

In the middle of Qing Dynasty, there are mengdingtu Prefecture and zhenkangtu Prefecture which belong to Yongchang Prefecture, shunning County, Mianning department, Yunzhou, Gengma Xuanfu department which belong to chuanyening Prefecture, and Banhong Tudu department which are under the jurisdiction of Zhili department.

In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Gengma pacification division was promoted to Xuanfu division, Zhili Yunnan chief secretary, Jimi in Yongchang Prefecture. Qianlong 12 years (1747), MengMian to change the soil to flow, began to be called Mianning. The MengMian chief's lawsuit was changed into the Fuyi Hall of minning. In the 14th year of Qianlong (1749), it was transferred to ningyoudian, shunning, and was sentenced to the office of Mianning, belonging to yixidao. In the 35th year of Qianlong (1770), shunning Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of yixidao and shunning county. In 1887, a Zhili hall was set up in Lancang, and Mengdong was under its jurisdiction.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), the British government forced the Qing government to assign Kokang to Britain in the supplementary provisions to the Sino British Treaty on Burma. In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), the boundary between China and Britain was first surveyed, and Mengying (Nansan) was defined as the boundary between Gengma, China and Maliba, Myanmar. In the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907), zhenkang was transformed into a native land.

During the period of the Republic of China, shunning County, Yunxian County, Mianning County, zhenkang County, Shuangjiang County, Cangyuan County and Gengma county were set up as the first, the fifth and the ninth Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision.

In February 1913, Yongkang was changed to zhenkang because its name was similar to that of Yongkang in Zhejiang Province. On July 19, Yunzhou was changed to Yunxian. In September, Mianning was attached to the South Yunnan Observatory.

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), Zhenbian county was renamed Lancang County, and the source of Cangyuan was still under its jurisdiction, which was divided into the 11th district of Lancang County.

In August 1923, the Fifth District of League affairs supervision was set up in Mianning to control the two counties of Mianning and Jingdong.

On January 6, 1930, Shuangjiang County was officially established. The county seat is located in Mengmeng, which is subordinate to Baoshan District.

In 1940, the Nationalist government and the British government were forced to secretly demarcate the undecided boundary between China and southern Myanmar, and put ban Lao and Lu Fang under British Myanmar, known as the "1941 line" in history.

In 1952, with the approval of the Government Affairs Council, the former Dali special district of Mianning County (now Linxiang District), Baoshan special district of Shuangjiang County, Gengma County, Pu'er special district (now Pu'er City) of Cangyuan County were divided into four counties to establish the special district of Mianning.

In 1953, zhenkang County, which belongs to Baoshan special area, was classified as Mianning special area.

On June 30, 1954, the Ministry of interior approved the change of Mianning County to Lincang County and shunning county to Fengqing County. Mianning district was changed to Lincang district.

In August 1956, with the approval of the State Council, Fengqing County and Yun County of Dali District were put under the Lincang special administration.

On September 24, 1958, the State Council approved the establishment of Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County. Yunxian County and Fengqing County were merged into Yunfeng County, which was set up separately in October. On December 29, Lincang and Shuangjiang counties merged to form Linshuang county.

In December 1959, Linshuang county was divided into Lincang and Shuangjiang counties.

On September 13, 1963, the State Council approved the establishment of Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County, and Gengma was renamed Gengma Dai Wa Autonomous County. In the same year, the State Council approved zhenkang to be divided into zhenkang county and Yongde County.

In 1970, it was renamed Lincang area.

In 1964, zhenkang county was divided into zhenkang county and Yongde County.

In June 1985, with the approval of the State Council, Shuangjiang County was abolished and Shuangjiang Lahu wa Bulang Dai Autonomous County was established.

On February 26, 2003, Lincang County was changed into Linxiang district.

On December 26, 2004, with the approval of the State Council, Lincang district was abolished and a prefecture level Lincang City was established.

On May 6, 2019, the State Council approved the construction of Lincang national sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zone with the theme of innovation driven development in frontier multi-ethnic underdeveloped areas.

administrative division

As of 2016, Lincang City has jurisdiction over 1 District, 7 counties (Linxiang District, Yun County, Fengqing County, Yongde County, zhenkang County, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County, Shuangjiang Lahu Wa and Blang Dai Autonomous County), 89 townships and 898 villages. The government is located in Nanping Street, Nanping West Road, Linxiang district.

geographical environment

Location context

Lincang City is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, between 98 ° 40 ′ e to 100 ° 32 ′ E and 23 ° 05 ′ n to 25 ° 03 ′ n. The Tropic of cancer (Tropic of cancer) runs through the south of the area. Lancang River and Nujiang river flow through the East and west sides of the area. It is adjacent to Pu'er City in the East, Dali Prefecture in the north, Baoshan City in the west, and Myanmar in the southwest. The border line is 290.79 km long. It covers an area of 24000 square kilometers. The city government is 598 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital.

topographic features

Lincang City is located in the South extension part of Nushan mountain of Hengduan Mountain system, belonging to the longitudinal valley area of Western Yunnan. There are many peaks in the whole area. The highest point in the territory is Yongde Snow Mountain with an altitude of 3429 meters, and the lowest point is Mengding Qingshui River with an altitude of 450 meters, with a relative height difference of 2979 meters. The terrain is high in the middle and low around, and gradually inclines from northeast to southwest.

soil

There are 10 soil types, 19 soil subclasses, 72 soil genera and 348 soil species in Lincang City, which are distributed vertically. from

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Lin Cang Shi