Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Wuhai City, subordinate to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is a new industrial city in the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, bordering Ordos on the East and North by gander mountain, facing Shizuishan city of Ningxia on the south by the river, and connecting Alxa League on the West. It is located in the depth of the mainland, belonging to a typical continental climate. It has three districts with a total area of 1754 square kilometers and a permanent population of 561100 in 2017.

Wuhai City is known as the "Pearl of the Yellow River", surrounded by three mountains, flowing in the middle of a river, and honest people. Wuhai City is rich in resources, known as "the sea of Wujin". High quality coking coal, coal series kaolin, limestone, iron ore, quartz sand, dolomite and other mineral resources have large reserves, good grade, easy mining, relatively centralized supporting and high industrial utilization value. Wuhai City is rich in water, soil, light and heat resources, which is suitable for grape planting and has the reputation of "the hometown of grapes".

In 2017, the GDP of Wuhai City increased by 5.3% over the previous year, of which the primary industry increased by 3.9%, the secondary industry by 6.4%, and the tertiary industry by 3.8%. According to the resident population, the city's per capita GDP increased by 4.8% over the previous year. The three industrial structures were adjusted from 0.9:56.6:42.5 to 1.2:57.7:41.1.

Historical evolution

In 127bc, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty defeated Loufan king and Baiyang king of Xiongnu, and recovered Henan Province (south of Wujia River in today's Bayannaoer League and Ordos Plateau). He changed the original Jiuyuan County into Wuyuan County and added Shuofang county. The county was governed in Sanfeng county (taoshengjing in hatengtaohai Sumu in today's Dengkou County of Bayannaoer League, also known as the ancient city of mamituku Temple). Shuofang county has 10 counties, and Woye county is set up in today's Haibowan area. In the third year of Yuanshou (120 BC), the town of Woye (now beixindi ancient city, Haibowan District) was built. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (121 BC), after hunxie king of South Hun attached to Han Dynasty, Wuda area was in the north of Wuwei County.

From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the period of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin and the Sixteen Kingdoms, most of the ethnic minorities, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di and Qiang, who lived in the northern grassland, were called "Wuhu" and migrated to the south of the Great Wall to the Yellow River basin. They fought with each other or with the Central Plains Dynasty, forming a long period of war situation. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Wuda area was occupied by Xianbei in the west, while in the northern and Southern Dynasties, it was occupied by Qianliang, Houliang and Beiliang.

In the second year of Daxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (319), shile, the Jie nationality, became strong and prosperous, enjoying the vast areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, and established the post Zhao state. Today, Haibowan area belongs to Shuofang County, shuozhuo state of later Zhao Dynasty. In the second year of Jianyuan (366) of the former Qin Dynasty, it was replaced by the former Qin Dynasty and the former Yan Dynasty. The river water went to the west of the former Qin Dynasty and was ruled by Fu Jian of the di nationality. Haibowan area belongs to Shuofang County of the former Qin Dynasty. In the second year of the second year of the late Qin Dynasty (395), Yao Xingbu of Qiang nationality rose and won the western part of the former Qin Dynasty. Yao Xing set up Shuofang County in the vast area of the north and governed the present Haibowan area. In the 16th year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (391), King Tuoba of the Wei Dynasty attacked Liu Weichen, a member of the Tiefu tribe in Shuofang county (which governs the southern part of Ba League and the northern part of Yi League). When Wei Chen was defeated, many people scattered in the rear, and his jurisdiction was lost, becoming the ruling area of Wei. In 407, the third year of Yixi reign in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Helian, the leader of the Tiefu tribe of the Huns, established the Xia state in today's YIKEZHAO League and Northern Shaanxi, with its capital in Tongwancheng (now the north of Jingbian County in Shaanxi, commonly known as baichengzi). Its jurisdiction once reached the Yellow River in the north, and its Youzhou was located in Dacheng (now the southeast of Hangjin Banner in Yimeng), occupying the south of today's Ba League and Ordos Plateau. In 431, Xia was destroyed by the Xianbei people of Tuoba in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In Sui Dynasty, Haibowan area belonged to the west of Turkic khanate, which was the nomadic land of East Turkic. In the first year of Tang Zhenguan (627), it was divided into ten states, Sui, Yin, Feng, Sheng and so on. Lingzhou of guanneidao is under the jurisdiction of Lingwu County in Sui Dynasty. It is a long and narrow area on the East Bank of the Yellow River from south to north, including the west of today's Etuoke Banner, the west of Etuokeqian banner and Haibowan area. Wuda area, belonging to Ganzhou in Sui Dynasty, is located in Yongping (renamed Zhangye in Sui Dynasty, now Zhangye in Gansu Province). Sui Renshou two years (602 years), belongs to Suzhou, where Fulu (now Gansu Jiuquan). From the late period of the Anshi rebellion in the eighth century to the middle of the ninth century, it belonged to Tubo.

During the song and Liao dynasties, the Dangxiang people in Northwest China took advantage of the successive wars between song and Liao to occupy the five prefectures of Yin, Xia, Sui, you and Jing.

In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, the first emperor of Song Dynasty, gave Li Yixing, the Qiang nationality of Dangxiang, the title of Taiwei. Li Yixing presented 300 horses to Song Dynasty to show his obedience. Since then, the vast majority of today's Yimeng area (which governs today's Haibowan area) entered the territory of the Song Dynasty, but it was still owned by Dangxiang Li. In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Li Yuanhao, the Dangxiang nationality, declared himself Emperor and established the Xixia state. Today, Haibowan area is the land of Lingzhou in Xixia, and Wuda area is the Helan Mountain Defense Area in Xixia.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a Zhongshu province and ten provinces in the whole country. At that time, Wuhai area was under the jurisdiction of Zhongxing Road, Ningxia Province. In the 25th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1288), Zhongxing Road was changed to Ningxia road, which is located in today's Yinchuan city.

In Ming Dynasty, Wuda area was the frontier of Ganzhou and Suzhou. In 1376, Ningxia Wei was established. Later, it was promoted to a town. It was under the jurisdiction of Haibowan area. It was under the management of the central right army governor's office. In the fourth year of Jianwen (1402) of Ming Dynasty, Tatar and Wala tribes of Mongolia became powerful, which constituted a serious threat to the northern border of Ming Dynasty. In 1462, the Mongolian Tatar chief alenur and maolihai entered the YIKEZHAO League. In jiajingzhong of Ming Dynasty (1552-1566), gunbilikemergen, the grandson of Dayan Khan, inherited the title of Jinong and named his tribe Ordos.

In the ninth year of Tiancong in the Qing Dynasty (1635), the leader of this tribe led the Minister of e'an to return to the Qing Dynasty and command the Ordos area. In 1649, the Qing government divided the Ordos area into six banners and implemented the league flag system. Haibowan area is the northwest of the Ordos Right Wing Middle Banner (Etuoke Banner). In the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1697), Alashan Heshuote banner was established. Today Wuda area is under the jurisdiction of Alashan banner.

During the period of the Republic of China, Ningxia military expansion envoy also had jurisdiction over Alashan Heshuote banner, and later directly under the Mongolian Tibetan Committee. In 1914, Etuoke Banner was under the jurisdiction of Suiyuan province. In January 1929, the Ningxia provincial government established a county in Dengkou. Later, the 200 km long strip from the south of the Yellow River to Shizuishan and the north to Hetao was included in Dengkou county (including Wuhai area). In 1930, the government of Suiyuan Province set up the yewo Bureau in Etuoke Banner, east of the Yellow River, and later changed it to Woye County, which governs the Haibowan area. In 1937, Ma Hongkui, chairman of Ningxia Province, occupied Woye County, which was transferred to Ningxia and renamed Taole county. On August 23, 1949, Etuoke Banner was peacefully liberated. On September 7, the people's Government of Etuoke Banner was established. At that time, Haibowan area belonged to the third area of Etuoke Banner (Albas). That year, on September 23, Alashan and shuote banner were peacefully liberated. At that time, Wuda area was a part of zongbelibaga.

On March 31, 1950, the people's Government of Alashan Heshuote banner autonomous region was established under the jurisdiction of Ningxia Province.

On April 25, 1954, the Mongolian Autonomous Region of Ningxia Province was established, with jurisdiction over Alashan banner and Dengkou county.

In September 1955, the provincial system of Ningxia was abolished, and the autonomous region was transferred to Gansu Province, and later to bayinhot Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. On April 13, bayinhot Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture was put under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and changed into Bayannaoer League. Wuda area is still under the jurisdiction of Alashan banner.

In February 1955, Haibowan district established the Zhuozishan Mining Area Office of YIKEZHAO League, which belongs to YIKEZHAO League.

In November 1958, with the approval of the people's Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Wuda town of Alxa banner was established.

In April 1959, with the approval of the people's Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Zhuozishan mining area office was canceled and the mining area people's Committee was established, which was subordinate to YIKEZHAO League.

On July 9, 1961, the 111th plenary session of the State Council approved the establishment of Wuda city and Haibowan city. On October 1, Wuda city and Haibowan city were officially established, respectively under Bayannaoer League and YIKEZHAO League.

On August 30, 1975, the State Council approved the establishment of Wuhai City.

On January 10, 1976, Wuda city and Haibowan city formally merged to form Wuhai City, which is a municipality directly under the central government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Municipal People's government is located in Haibowan. Under the jurisdiction of Wuda, Haibowan, Lasengmiao three county-level offices.

In December 1979, the three offices were changed into districts, and the Lasengmiao office was renamed Hainan District.

administrative division

As of 2016, Wuhai City has jurisdiction over three municipal districts. They are Haibowan District, Wuda District and Hainan District. Wuhai Municipal People's government is located in Shifu Avenue, Binhe street, Haibowan district.

geographical environment

Location context

Wuhai City is located in the southwest of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, along the Yellow River, in the west of Ordos Plateau, and in the southeast of Ulanbuh Desert. It is adjacent to YIKEZHAO League in the north and East, Alxa League in the West and Shizuishan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in the southwest. The Yellow River flows from south to north along the west of Hainan District, between Haibowan district and Wuda District, and then to the west of coastal bowan district. The water surface of the Yellow River is about 40 square kilometers in Wuhai City. The total area is 1754 square kilometers.

topographic features

Wuhai City is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, facing Ordos Plateau in the East, Shizuishan City in Ningxia across the river in the south, Alxa grassland in the West and fertile Hetao Plain in the north. It is not only the junction of North China and Northwest China, but also the junction of "Ning Meng Shan Gan" economic zone and the center of economic belt along the Yellow River

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Wu Hai Shi