Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province

Zhaotong, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province, is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, in the hinterland of Wumeng Mountain area at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, and along the downstream of Jinsha River. It is located in the transition zone from Sichuan basin to Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It is adjacent to Bijie City in Guizhou Province in the East, Qujing City in Yunnan Province in the south, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province in the west, Jinsha River in the border, and the north It is adjacent to Yibin City, Sichuan Province, bounded by Jinsha River, covering an area of 23021 square kilometers.

Zhaotong is an important gateway of Yunnan Province to Sichuan and Guizhou in history. It is an important channel for Central Plains culture to enter Yunnan. It is one of the three birthplaces of Yunnan culture. It is the hub of China's famous "South Silk Road". It is known as "the key to South Yunnan and the throat of Western Sichuan". It is an important channel for Yunnan to connect the Yangtze River economic belt and Chengdu Chongqing Economic Zone. It is also an important channel from the mainland to South Asia and Southeast Asia Asia and Yunnan are two-way corridors leading to the mainland.

As of 2017, Zhaotong has jurisdiction over one district, nine counties and one county-level city, and the municipal government is located in Zhaoyang District. It is a city integrating "mountainous areas, old revolutionary base areas, deep poverty-stricken areas and scattered ethnic areas". By the end of 2017, Zhaotong had a permanent resident population of 5.537 million, with an urbanization rate of 33.38%. Zhaotong is rich in hydropower resources. There are three giant power stations, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and Baihetan, with the largest coal and sulfur reserves in the province. It is the core area of wild Gastrodia elata in China and the base of high-quality apples in southern China.

On July 5, 2019, the Ministry of ecological environment of the people's Republic of China announced the special investigation of black and odorous water bodies in the first stage of overall planning and strengthening supervision in 2019. Zhaotong was listed in the list of cities with less than 80% of black and odorous water bodies eliminated, with the elimination rate of 33.3%.

Historical evolution

Place name source

The place name of Zhaotong originated from the Qing Dynasty. In the ninth year of Yongzheng (1731), after the completion of the reform, ertai asked Yongzheng to change Wumeng to Zhaotong and put it under Yunnan. Yongzheng zhunzuo put it in Yunnan and renamed it Zhaotong.

History of construction

The "early Homo sapiens fossil", about 100000 years ago, is called "Zhaotong man", which fills the gap between the ape man stage and the late Homo sapiens stage in Yunnan Province, indicating that Zhaotong City is one of the important areas for the origin and development of human beings. About 6000 years ago, from about 10000 to 4000 years ago, the ancestors who lived here had widely used grinding stone tools, understood pottery making, textile, agriculture and grazing techniques, and began to live and settle down.

Zhaotong was a place of desolation before Xia and Shang Dynasties, but it has not been recorded yet. Xia and Shang dynasties belong to ancient Liangzhou. Zhou is Dou didian. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was the land of Yelang.

In the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhuti county (county) was set up in today's Zhaotong City. Zhaotong was brought under the management of the central government for the first time.

From the sixth year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty to the reign of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, Zhaotong is now named "Zhu Ti". It is either the county government, the county government, the southern part of Qianwei and the Wei government of Qianwei, which lasted for more than 800 years.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Nanzhao and Dali two local governments successively dominated Yunnan. Zhaotong was not only alienated from the Central Plains culture, but also failed to fully accept the influence of Nanzhao and Dali culture.

Yuan set up Wumeng road. In the Ming Dynasty, Wumeng Prefecture was set up. In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, after the completion of the reform, Wumeng was changed into Zhaotong. It dates back to nearly 500 years when the central government was interrupted during the reign of Jimi in the Tang and Song dynasties. Today, Zhao is known as "Wu Meng" (a Meng) for more than 1000 years.

In the early Qing Dynasty, it inherited the Ming system and was called Zhenxiong tufu, belonging to Sichuan Province. In 1727 (the fifth year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty), the government changed the land to flow, and changed Wumeng Prefecture into Zhaotong Prefecture. In February of 1728, the sixth year of Yongzheng reign, Wumeng tufu was changed into tuguiliu. It was transferred to the east of tufu (doudidian). Yongshan County was set up in MITI, daguanting was set up in daguantun, and Zhenxiong Prefecture was changed into Sanzhou, which belonged to Wumeng Fu.

In July 1730, Wumeng Prefecture was renamed Zhaotong Prefecture, and en'an county was attached to it. Abandon TIANTI (today's Tucheng) and build a new city in ermuna (today's Zhaotong City). In the same year, Zhaotong mansion belonged to Yidong Dao (governing Qujing mansion).

In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign (1731), Ludian hall was set up, belonging to Zhaotong Prefecture; yanjingdu set up inspection department, belonging to Daguan Hall of Zhaotong Prefecture. In October 1908, Jingjiang county was established in Fuguan village of Yongshan County, and Zhenxiong Prefecture was upgraded to Zhili Prefecture. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhaotong had jurisdiction over Daguan and Ludian, and en'an (Fu Guo), Yongshan and Jingjiang counties.

The first year of the Republic of China (1912) followed the old system of the late Qing Dynasty. In April of 1913, the governor of Yunnan Province abolished Zhaotong Prefecture and renamed en'an County as Zhaotong County; ludianting, daguanting, qiaojiating, Zhenxiong Zhili Prefecture as Ludian County, Daguan County, Qiaojia county, Zhenxiong County; Yiliang Prefecture of Zhenxiong Prefecture was under the same jurisdiction as Yiliang County.

In January 1914, Jingjiang county was renamed Suijiang County because of the same name as Jiangsu Province.

In January 1917, Yanjin County was set up in Daguan county and Weixin administrative region was set up in Zhenxiong County. Zhaotong, Ludian, Qiaojia, Yongshan, Daguan, Jingjiang, Zhenxiong, Yiliang County and Weixin administrative office all belong to central Yunnan.

In 1929, Dianzhong road was removed, and each county was directly under the provincial administration. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), Weixin administrative office was changed into a governing Bureau. In September of the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), Weixin county was established. In March 1942, the first administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province was set up, which was stationed in Zhaotong county. It has jurisdiction over Zhaotong County, Yongshan County, Suijiang County, Yanjin County, Daguan County, Yiliang County, Zhenxiong County, Weixin County, Ludian County and Qiaojia county.

On March 3, 1950, the 43rd division of the 15th army of the fourth corps of the second field of the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Zhaotong. On September 9, the CPC Zhaotong prefectural committee and the Zhaotong Commissioner's office were established, with Zhaotong special district and special office in Zhaotong county. It has jurisdiction over 11 counties, including Zhaotong, Daguan, Suijiang (in Zhongcheng), Yanjin, Weixin (in Xizhen), Zhenxiong, Yiliang, Ludian (in Wenping), Huize, Qiaojia and Yongshan.

In 1970, Zhaotong district was changed to Zhaotong District, which was located in Zhaotong county. It has jurisdiction over Zhaotong, Suijiang (in Zhongcheng town), Yongshan (in Jingxin town), Yanjin, Daguan, Weixin (in Xizhen town), Yiliang (in Jiaokui town), Zhenxiong, Ludian (in Wenping town), Qiaojia and other 10 counties.

On January 18, 1981, Zhaotong City was established, with part of Zhaotong County as its administrative region, belonging to Zhaotong region. On August 14, the State Council approved the establishment of Shuifu county. Shuifu county is led by Zhaotong district administration. Zhaotong Prefecture governs one county-level city and 11 counties.

On September 9, 1983, Zhaotong county was abolished and the administrative region of Zhaotong county was incorporated into Zhaotong City. Zhaotong Prefecture governs 1 county-level city and 10 counties.

In 1984, the system of district and township was restored, and the commune was abandoned.

In 1987, the district and township system was reformed, and the district was abandoned as township.

On January 13, 2001, Zhaotong Prefecture and county level Zhaotong City were abolished and prefecture level Zhaotong City was established. Zhaoyang District is established in Zhaotong City, with the former county-level administrative region of Zhaotong City as the administrative region of Zhaoyang District.

administrative division

Division evolution

On September 13, 1960, Yanjin County was abolished and the former administrative region of Yanjin County was merged into Daguan county (in 1959).

On September 13, 1960, Ludian County was abolished and the former administrative region of Ludian County was merged into Zhaotong county (merged in November 1958). Zhaotong has jurisdiction over 9 counties.

On March 27, 1962, Yanjin County was restored, and the former administrative region of Yanjin County, which was merged into Daguan County, was the administrative region of Yanjin County (divided on April 28, 1961). Zhaotong has jurisdiction over 10 counties.

On September 14, 1963, Ludian County was restored. The administrative regions of Ludian County are the former administrative regions of Ludian County merged in Zhaotong County except the four people's communes of Ma Lu, Su Jia, Shui Tun and Jiu Fang, and the seven villages of zujiabao, Ma Anshan, banbanfang, Chenjiawan, majiayuanzi, yangjiataizi and longjiataizi in Yongfeng District of Zhaotong county. Zhaotong has jurisdiction over 11 counties.

On June 15, 1964, Huize County of Zhaotong district was assigned to Qujing district. Zhaotong Prefecture governs 10 counties.

On September 7, 2018, with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to abolish Shuifu county and establish Shuifu city at the county level. The administrative region of Shuifu county is Shuifu city. The people's Government of Shuifu city is located at No. 3, Renmin East Road, Yunfu street. Shuifu city is directly under the central government of Yunnan Province and managed by Zhaotong City.

Zoning details

As of 2017, Zhaotong has jurisdiction over 1 District, 9 counties and 1 county-level city; 3 streets, 54 towns, 69 townships, 17 ethnic townships; 70 neighborhood committees and 1201 village committees. The municipal government is located in Zhaoyang District.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhaotong, located at the junction of Yunling plateau and Sichuan Basin, is located between 102 ° 52 ′～ 105 ° 19 ′ E and 26 ° 55 ′～ 28 ° 36 ′ n, adjacent to Bijie City of Guizhou Province in the East, Qujing City of Yunnan Province in the south, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province in the West and Jinsha River in the north, with an area of 23021 square kilometers.

topographic features

Zhaotong is high in the southwest and low in the northeast. It is a typical mountain structure with high mountains and deep valleys. The average altitude of the city is 1685 meters, of which the altitude of the city government is 1920 meters, the highest is 4040 meters (Yaoshan, Qiaojia county), and the lowest is 267 meters (gunkanba, Shuifu county).

climatic conditions

There are many mountains in Zhaotong, with great altitude difference, and plateau monsoon

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Zhao Tong Shi