Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Shigatse, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of the Tibet Autonomous Region, is located in the southwest of the people's Republic of China and the southwest of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, with Ali Region in the west, Naqu city in the north, Lhasa city and Shannan city in the East, and Nepal, Bhutan, India and other countries in the outside. The terrain in the north and south is higher, with the southern Tibet Plateau and the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in between. It has jurisdiction over one municipal district and 17 counties.

Shigatse means "manor with the best soil" in Tibetan.

There is Mount Qomolangma, the highest peak in the world, in Dingri County of Shigatse City. Sangzhuzi Zongbao and Jiangzi castle were once political and religious centers. There are a number of famous temples such as zashilunbu temple, Baiju temple and Sakya temple. There are Yadong Port, Zhangmu port and Jilong port. The six famous gullies at the south foot of Xigaze Himalaya are called xiaojiangnan in Tibet or Jiangnan in Tibet: Yadong, Chentang, Gama, rongha, Zhangmu and Jilong gullies.

On December 9, 2019, through the study of the people's Government of the autonomous region, Xietongmen County, Jiangzi County, Sakya County, Saga County, Razi county and Nanmulin County of Shigatse City were approved to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties (districts).

In 2019, the GDP of Shigatse is 27.949 billion yuan, with a total population of 870700. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

At the beginning of the seventh century, Songzanganbu of Yalong tribe formally established the Tubo Dynasty. According to the geographical and natural distribution, the central region under the jurisdiction of the Tubo Dynasty was divided into two parts, namely "Wei" and "Zang". The "Zang" areas in the East and west of Shigatse were "Yaru" < I > (< / I > < I > Nianchuhe < / I > < I >) and "RULA" < I > (< / I > < I > Yarlung Zangbo < / I > < I > upstream) < / I >, bounded by gangbala mountain in the East and Gangdise mountain in the West (now part of ALI). Because the "Tibet" area is located in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, there is the "post Tibet" theory. Shigatse was originally called "nianqumai" or "nianmai" < I > (meaning the lower reaches of the Nianchu River) < / I >. Although it was inhabited for a long time, it is still a desolate place.

In the eighth century, Chisong Dezan, the Tibetan king of the Tubo Dynasty, invited the Indian monk lianhuasheng to Tibet to build the Sangye temple. He passed by Shigatse to practice and preach here, and predicted that the center of the snow plateau was Lhasa, followed by Nimai (Shigatse).

At the beginning of the 14th century, dasitujiangqujianzan defeated the Sakya Dynasty and established the Pazhu Dynasty. Under the protection of the yuan and Ming royal families, 13 Dazong streams were set up. The last one was called sangzhuzi (meaning to achieve one's wish, located in Shigatse), named xikasangzhuzi.

Yuan Zhizheng 20 years (1360) began to build Zongshan Zong government, building sangzhuzi Zongbao. Since then, the full name of Shigatse was xikasangzhuzi, which was translated into Shigatse in Chinese, and Shigatse was established.

On May 23, 1951, the Central People's government and the local government of Tibet signed the "agreement between the Central People's government and the local government of Tibet on measures for the peaceful liberation of Tibet.". On November 15, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Shigatse. For the convenience of administration, the Central Committee has set up two sub working committees in Shigatse and Gyangze.

On April 22, 1956, the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was formally established, with Jiqiao Office (equivalent to the district) of the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region set up in Shigatse and Gyangze respectively.

On March 28, 1959, the State Council issued an order announcing the dissolution of the local government of Tibet. The Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region and its branches will exercise the functions and powers of the local government of Tibet. At the same time, a resolution was adopted to fight the rebellion and reform at the same time. In October, Shigatse was established, with jurisdiction over 11 counties.

In 1964, Shigatse and Gyangze were merged into Shigatse, which has jurisdiction over 18 counties.

In 1970, Shigatse area was changed to Shigatse area, which was located in Shigatse county.

On June 26, 2014, with the approval of the State Council, Shigatse region was abolished and prefecture level Shigatse City was established.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1970, Shigatse area was changed to Shigatse area, which was located in Shigatse county. It has jurisdiction over 18 counties, including Shigatse, Dingjie (zhujiangga), Razi (zhuquxia), nilamu (zhuchongdui), Xietongmen (Zhujiding), Zhongma (zhuzhadong), Kangma, Yadong (zhuxiasima), Gangba, Nanmulin, Saga, Dingri (zhugangga), Jilong (zhuzongga), ANGREN, Jiangzi, Renbu, Bailang (zhuluobuqiongzi), Saga, etc.

In 1972, Saga County moved from saga to Jiajia. Shigatse Prefecture governs Shigatse, Dingjie (in jiangga), Razi (in Quxia), nilamu (in chongdui), Xietongmen (in Jiding), Zhongba (in zhadong), Kangma, Yadong (in xiasima), Gangba, Nanmulin, Sakya, Dingri (in xiegar), Jilong (in zongga), ANGREN, Jiangzi, Renbu (in qiangqinxue), Bailang (in luobuqiongzi) Saga (in Jiajia) and other 18 counties.

On October 8, 1983, the State Council approved the establishment of Gyangze Prefecture, which has jurisdiction over Yadong, Kangma, Gangba, Gyangze, Renbu and Bailang counties in Shigatse Prefecture, and Langzha County in Shannan Prefecture, which is located in Gyangze Town, Gyangze county.

On September 12, 1986, the State Council approved the abolition of Gyangze Prefecture, and the six counties under its jurisdiction, namely Yadong, Kangma, Gangba, Gyangze, Renbu, and Bailang, were classified as Shigatse Prefecture, while Langka county was classified as Shannan Prefecture.

On October 8, 1983, the State Council approved the establishment of longer County, with some areas of Zhongba County as its administrative region.

On December 12, 1986, the State Council approved the abolition of Shigatse county and the establishment of Shigatse City. Shigatse Prefecture governs one county-level city and 17 counties.

In 1997, Shigatse Prefecture governed Shigatse City and 18 counties (cities) including Gyangze, Dingjie, Nanmulin, Renbu, Bailang, Kangma, ANGREN, Yadong, Razi, Gangba, Zhongba, Nyalam, Xietongmen, Saga, Dingri, Sakya and Jilong.

On September 21, 1999, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the revocation of longer county.

Zoning details

As of 2016, Shigatse has one municipal district (sangzhuzi District) and 17 counties (Jiangzi County, Bailang County, Razi County, Sakya County, Gangba County, Dingjie County, Dingri County, Nyalam County, Kangma County, Yadong County, Renbu County, Nanmulin County, Xietongmen County, Jilong County, ANGREN County, Saga County and Zhongba county). The municipal government is located in sangzhuzi district.

geographical environment

Location context

Shigatse is located in the southwest of China and Tibet Autonomous Region, bordering Nepal, Bhutan and India in the south, Ali in the west, Naqu in the north, Lhasa and Shannan in the East. Its geographical location is between 27 ° 13 ′ - 31 ° 49 ′ N and 82 ° 1 ′ - 90 ° 20 ′ E. The city covers an area of 182000 square kilometers, 800 kilometers long from east to west and 220 kilometers wide from north to south. It is located in the middle of the Himalayas, Gangdise and Nyainqentanglha mountains, with a total area of 182000 square kilometers and an average altitude of more than 4000 meters.

topographic features

Shigatse is generally located between the middle Himalayan mountains and the middle Gangdise NIANQINGTANGGULA mountains, with higher terrain in the north and south, and the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Yarlung Zangbo River basin between them. Shigatse has a complex and diverse terrain, which is basically composed of high mountains, wide valleys and lake basins, with an average altitude of more than 4000 meters.

Across the southern part of the Himalayas is the world's youngest and tallest mountain system, with an average altitude of more than 6000 meters, many peaks and mountains. There are five peaks above 8000 meters in Shigatse, namely, Mt. Everest, Mt. Luozi (8516 meters), Mt. Makalu (8463 meters), Mt. zhuoyou (8201 meters) and Mt. Xixiabangma (8012 meters). Mount Qomolangma, located on the border between Shigatse and Nepal, is the highest peak in the world, with an altitude of 8848.86 meters. It is the highest peak in the world. It looks down on the mountains with its head held high, and there are 14 peaks above 7000 meters. In addition, there are many high mountains such as Karula, gatora, Mala, Zhongla, Raji and marela.

The valley plains of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nianchu River in the upper part of the southern Tibet valley are mainly composed of the Razi Renbu wide valley and the Jiangzi Shigatse plain. There are also pengqu valley plain in the north of Himalayas, southern Tibet Plateau and some scattered Valley plains. These valleys have gentle slope, deep soil layer, pleasant climate and abundant water resources.

climate

There are three regional climates in Shigatse. The areas to the north of the Himalayas and the south of the Gangdise Nyainqentanglha mountains belong to the plateau temperate semi-arid monsoon climate; a few areas to the north of the Gangdise Nyainqentanglha mountains belong to the plateau sub frigid monsoon semi-arid and arid climate; the areas to the south of the main ridge line of the Himalayas belong to the plateau temperate monsoon semi humid climate. The general climate characteristics of Shigatse are as follows: thin air, low air pressure, less oxygen; strong solar radiation, long sunshine duration, with an annual average of 3300 hours, and strong ultraviolet radiation on the plateau; low temperature, small annual range, large daily range, with an annual average temperature of 0 ℃ in the Western sub frigid zone, 6.5 ℃ in the eastern temperate zone, and 6.3 ℃ in the annual average temperature, The average temperature in the coldest month is 2 ~ 12 ℃, the average temperature in the warmest month is 10 ~ 18 ℃, and the annual average daily range is 16 ℃ in the northwest and 14 ℃ in the East; the dry season and rainy season are distinct. From October to April of the next year, it is dry (dry) season or windy season with low temperature and less rain and snow, and the precipitation is less than 10% of the annual precipitation. From May to September, the climate is mild, the air is humid, and the precipitation is about

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu Ri Ka Ze Shi