Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province

Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture (prefecture level administrative region) under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province, with its capital in Jishou City. Located in the northwest of Hunan Province, between 109 ° 10 ′ ~ 110 ° 22.5 ′ E and 27 ° 44.5 ′ ~ 29 ° 38 ′ n, it is located at the junction of Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou and Chongqing.

Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Region was established in August 1952, changed to Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Prefecture in 1955, and Xiangxi Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established in September 1957. It has jurisdiction over 7 counties and 1 city, covering an area of 15462 square kilometers. Xiangxi belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, with obvious continental climate characteristics.

In 2018, there were 2.6495 million permanent residents in the prefecture. Among them, the urban population is 1.233 million, and the rural population is 1.4165 million. 77.21% of the ethnic minorities are Tujia and Miao. In 2018, Xiangxi's GDP reached 60.505 billion yuan, an increase of 6%.

Xiangxi Prefecture has a long history and splendid culture. It has the first batch of national historical and cultural city Fenghuang County. In 2015, it was selected as the first batch of national global tourism demonstration area. There are many cultural relics in the prefecture. There are a large number of natural and cultural landscape relics in and around Laosi city. Xiangxi is also one of the birthplaces of Wuling culture. At the same time, it is one of the three prefecture level administrative regions that enjoy relevant policies.

In October 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 National Forest City". On January 29, 2021, it was selected into the list of areas with remarkable achievements in real work in 2020 announced by Hunan Provincial People's government.

Evolution of organizational system

During the Warring States period, it belonged to the prefecture of Chu and Qianzhong.

In the Western Han Dynasty, it belongs to Wuling county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Shu at the beginning and Wu later.

The western and Eastern Jin dynasties belong to Wuling County of Jingzhou.

Sui, Tang and five dynasties belong to Qianzhong road.

In the Song Dynasty, Chenzhou and Lizhou were on Jinghu North Road.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were xuanweisi, Chenzhou Road, Lizhou road in Hubei and Guangdong provinces, Yongshun xuanweisi in Sichuan Province, and the newly added calming Department of Geman.

In Ming Dynasty, Yongshun xuanweisi and Baojing xuanweisi were set up, and the rest were Yuezhou and Chenzhou.

In the Qing Dynasty, Yongshun mansion, Fenghuang Zhili hall, Qianzhou Zhili hall and yongsui Zhili hall were set up, with Lizhou in the northeast.

From the third year of the Republic of China to the eleventh year of the Republic of China, it was Chenyuan road. From the 27th year of the Republic of China to the 38th year of the Republic of China, it was the eighth and ninth administrative supervision district.

At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, Fenghuang County, Qiancheng County, yongsui County, Luxi County and Yongshun County, Longshan County, Baojing County, Guzhang County belong to Yuanling district and Yongshun district respectively.

In 1949, Yongshun district was set up, with a special office in Yongshun County and jurisdiction over Yongshun, Longshan, Dayong, Baojing, Sangzhi, Guzhang and other six counties.

In 1952, Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Region was established (established on August 1), and the people's Government of the autonomous region was stationed in Qiancheng County; Yongshun special region was abolished; Yongshun, Longshan, Dayong, Baojing, Sangzhi and Guzhang counties of the former Yongshun special region and Qiancheng, yongsui, Luxi and Fenghuang counties of the former Yuanling special region were included in Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Region (10 counties under its jurisdiction).

In 1953, Qiancheng county was renamed Jishou County; yongsui county was renamed Huayuan County.

In 1954, Yongshun, Longshan, Sangzhi and Dayong counties were transferred to provinces directly under the central government and still entrusted to the autonomous region.

On April 28, 1955, Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Region was renamed Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and the people's Committee of Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Prefecture was stationed in Jishou county.

On September 20, 1957, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established. The people's Government of the autonomous prefecture is located in Jishou county. Jishou, Luxi (in Wuxi town), Fenghuang (in Tuojiang town), Huayuan, Baojing (in Qianling town), Guzhang, and Yongshun, Longshan, Sangzhi, Dayong, which were originally led by Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Prefecture on behalf of the province, are under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (10 counties).

On August 3, 1982, the State Council approved the abolition of Jishou county and the establishment of Jishou City at the county level.

On May 24, 1985, the State Council approved (Guo Han No. 77) to abolish Dayong county and establish Dayong city (county level), with the former administrative region of Dayong County as the administrative region of Dayong city.

On May 18, 1988, the State Council approved the promotion of Dayong city to prefecture level, the establishment of Yongding District and Wulingyuan District, and the division of Cili County in Changde City and Sangzhi County in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture into Dayong city. Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture has been reduced from 8 counties and 2 cities to 7 counties and 1 city, namely Luxi, Fenghuang, Guzhang, Huayuan, Baojing, Yongshun, Longshan and Jishou.

By the end of 1999, the prefecture had jurisdiction over one city and seven counties, namely Jishou City and seven counties of Luxi, Fenghuang, Huayuan, Baojing, Guzhang, Yongshun and Longshan. There are 56 towns and 162 townships in the prefecture.

In 2005, the prefecture abolished 14 townships and 1 town, merged 52 townships and 30 towns, established 7 townships and 30 towns, established 1 Township and 3 streets, adjusted some administrative areas of 8 townships, 12 towns and 3 streets, renamed 1 town, reduced a total of 58 townships and 1 town, and increased 3 streets. After adjustment, there are 2 towns in Jishou City, 7 in Fenghuang County, 4 in Luxi County, 9 in Baojing County, 3 in Guzhang County, 3 in Huayuan County, 15 in Yongshun County and 16 in Longshan County.

By the end of 2005, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture had jurisdiction over one county-level city and seven counties, with a total of seven streets, 66 towns and 92 townships.

administrative division

In 2015, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture has one county-level city and seven counties. There is also a provincial high-tech Industrial Development Zone, and the people's Government of Xiangxi Prefecture is located in Jishou City.

geographical environment

Location context

Xiangxi Prefecture is located in the north of Western Hunan Province, the middle reaches of Youshui and the middle of Wuling mountains. Its geographical range is 109 ° 10 ′ ~ 110 ° 22.5 ′ E and 27 ° 44.5 ′ ~ 29 ° 38 ′ n. It is adjacent to Tongren City of Guizhou Province in the west, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County of Chongqing City, Mayang Miao Autonomous County of Huaihua City in the south, Yuanling County of Huaihua City in the East, Zhangjiajie City in the north and Laifeng County of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province. It is about 170 km wide from east to west and 240 km long from north to south. The total land area of the prefecture is 15462 square kilometers, including 556 square kilometers of urban area. It accounts for 7.3% of the total area of Hunan Province.

topographic features

Wuling mountain range is located in Xiangxi Prefecture from west to East. It is the northeast of Wuling mountain range on the eastern edge of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It rides on Yunnan Guizhou Plateau in the west, adjacent to Western Hubei mountains in the north and Xuefeng mountain in the southeast.

Xiangxi Prefecture is located at the junction of the northeast side of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and the southwest end of Western Hubei mountain. Wuling mountain range passes through the whole territory obliquely from northeast to southwest. The terrain is low in Southeast and high in Northwest. It is the eastern edge of the second step of China's gradual reduction from West to East. In the west, it is connected with Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, in the north, it is connected with Western Hubei mountains, in the southeast, it is protected by Xuefeng mountain, and Wuling mountains are winding in the territory. The terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast, with an average altitude of 800-200m. Daling mountain in Longshan County on the northwest border is 1736.5m above sea level, which is the highest point in the prefecture. The riverbed at the outlet of Dalong River in Shangbao township of Luxi County is 97.1m above sea level, which is the lowest point in the prefecture.

Limestone is widely distributed in the southwest of Xiangxi Prefecture, with well-developed karst caves and undercurrent; quartz sandstone is densely distributed in the northwest, and small peaks are formed due to crustal action, with Huayuan paiwu township as the most typical. The eastern and western parts are low mountains and hills, with an average sea level of 200-500 meters. Streams and rivers crisscross the area, and there are many alluvial plains on both sides. The overall outline of the landform is an arc-shaped mountain landform, which is mainly composed of original mountains, hills and small plains, and protrudes northwestward.

Climatic characteristics

Xiangxi belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, with obvious continental climate characteristics. The summer half year is controlled by the summer monsoon with abundant precipitation and warm and humid climate, while the winter half year is controlled by the winter monsoon with less precipitation and cold and dry climate. It has four distinct seasons, abundant precipitation and less light and heat; it is basically in the same season, with good coordination in the early stage and maladjustment in the late stage, with various climate types and obvious three-dimensional climate. According to the climate characteristics of different terrain and different heights of the mountains, the whole area can be divided into four climate types from the vertical direction: warm and humid valley zone, warm and humid mountain zone, warm and cool and humid mountain zone. In the horizontal direction, it can be divided into "less heat in northwest, less early summer and autumn climate zone", "more heat in Northeast, more drought in summer and autumn climate zone", "less heat in middle, less heat in summer and autumn climate zone" There are five climate regions, i.e. the early climate region, the southeastern region with more heat, less rain and more drought in summer and autumn.

hydrologic condition

Xiangxi is rich in water resources. There are many water systems such as Youshui River, Yuanshui River, Lishui River and Wushui river. The river network is scattered and crisscross, with an average annual runoff of 13.2 billion cubic meters. There are abundant karst groundwater resources in the area, with a total amount of about 2.737 billion cubic meters, accounting for 20.6% of the total annual water resources, and the groundwater and surface water are transformed into each other, which has a good purification effect on the water quality.

natural resources

water resource

In 2014, most areas of the Prefecture are rich in surface water and groundwater resources with good water quality, and the surface water and groundwater are transformed into each other, forming a pattern of comprehensive utilization of surface and groundwater. The total amount of water in the territory is 21.37 billion cubic meters, and the average annual runoff is 13.28 billion cubic meters. There are 444 rivers with main stream length more than 5 kilometers and drainage area more than 10 square kilometers, and the main rivers are Yuanjiang River, Youshui River, Wushui River, Mengdong River, etc. The reserve of hydropower resources is 1.68 million kilowatts, of which 1.08 million kilowatts can be developed. At present, only 180000 kilowatts can be developed.

land resource

In 2016, there were 199900 hectares of cultivated land, 806.2 hectares of new cultivated land and 1.2 hectares of basic farmland

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Sheng Xiang Xi Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou