Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Tongliao Tongliao is a prefecture level city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Tongliao City is located in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, adjacent to Siping City of Jilin Province in the East, Chifeng City and Xilinguole League in the west, Shenyang City, Fuxin city and Tieling City of Liaoning Province in the south, and Xing'an League, Baicheng city and Songyuan City of Jilin Province in the north. Tongliao City is located in the middle latitude, belonging to the temperate zone, dry and semi-arid, continental monsoon climate. It has jurisdiction over one municipal district, one county-level city, one county and five cities It has a total area of 59835 square kilometers and a total population of 3163600 in 2017.

Tongliao is one of the birthplaces of the Mongolian nation. Three famous Narrative Folk Songs (Han Xiuying, danabala, gadamelin) and thousands of short tune folk songs were produced and spread in Horqin grassland. Pajie, maoyihan and other folk art masters, SERASI, chaganbala and other singers emerged. In Tongliao, there are five railways connecting Beijing, tongrang, Dazheng, Tonghuo and Jitong. The "tongman Europe" international freight train has been opened, with three expressways, six national roads and seven provincial roads running through. Tongliao city has one belt, one road, and 15 kilometers above the 800 kilometers, which is only 400 kilometers from Jinzhou port. It is an important strategic node for the implementation of the "one belt and one road" and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's opening up to the north.

In 2017, Tongliao achieved a GDP of 122.262 billion yuan, an increase of 0.3% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry reached 26.296 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%; the added value of the secondary industry reached 44.098 billion yuan, a decrease of 6.1%; the added value of the tertiary industry reached 51.868 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3%. The proportion of the three industries is 21.5 ∶ 36.1 ∶ 42.4. According to the resident population, the per capita GDP is 39102 yuan, which is 5791 US dollars at the average exchange rate in 2017, an increase of 0.2%.

In December 2018, the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas identified it as the second batch of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

The establishment of Zhelimu League, the predecessor of Tongliao City, began in the early Qing Dynasty. Its territory starts from the Taoer River and Nenjiang river basins to the south of suoyuerji mountain in the north, the dongxiliao River Basin and Yangximu river of wuhanade mountain in the south, Wuhana mountain in the west, Songhua River and Yidun River in the East.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (about 771-476 BC), there lived Donghu, Shiwei and other nomadic tribes.

During the Warring States period, the south of Tongliao Yan Great Wall was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong county and Liaoxi county.

In the Qin Dynasty, the East and West Liaohe River areas belonged to Liaodong county and Liaoxi County, and the Nenjiang River Basin was still inhabited by Donghu people.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Xianbei people and Wuhuan people, the descendants of Donghu people, were mainly nomadic in Nenjiang River Basin and East and West Liaohe River Basin. Some areas south of East and West Liaohe River were under the jurisdiction of xuantu County, Liaodong county and Liaoxi county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nenjiang River Basin belonged to Fuyu, and the south of Yan Great Wall belonged to Liaodong county and Liaoxi county. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, the Xianbei people moved in on a large scale, and the Liaohe River Basin in the East and West belonged to the Murong tribe of Xianbei in the East.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Nenjiang River Basin was the territory of Fuyu. During the Sixteen States period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Murong, the king of Yan, had a great influence in the eastern and Western Liao river basins. The northern part belongs to Khitan, and Beiyan sets up Guishan king in the northern part

From the southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the northern part belonged to Khitan and the southern part to Shiwei.

In the Tang Dynasty, Rao Le Du Du Du Fu was set up in Qidan, followed by songmo Du Fu, and Shiwei Du Fu was set up in Shiwei.

At the end of Tang Dynasty, part of Nenjiang River Basin was under the jurisdiction of Fuyu Prefecture in Bohai Sea. In Liao Dynasty, Nenjiang River Basin and East and West Liaohe River Basin were under the jurisdiction of Shangjing road and Dongjing road.

In Jin Dynasty, Nenjiang River Basin and East and West Liaohe River Basin were under the jurisdiction of linhuangfu on Shangjing Road, Zhaozhao Department on Dongbei road and xianpingfu on Xianping road.

In Yuan Dynasty, Nenjiang River Basin and Liaohe River Basin were under the jurisdiction of Kaiyuan Road in Liaoyang Province, Taining road and Ningchang road in Zhongshu province.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Nenjiang River Basin and the eastern and Western Liaohe River Basin were under the jurisdiction of the daningdusi.

During the reign of emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, the qumenktas Hara tribe, a descendant of habutuhasar, the younger brother of Genghis Khan, was nomadic in the Nenjiang River Basin, known as Nenjiang Horqin, and soon controlled the land of wuliangha Sanwei.

In 1626, oba, a descendant of kumonktas Hara, led the Horqin tribe to the post Jin Dynasty.

In the first year of Chongde of Qing Dynasty (1636), Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner, Horqin Right Wing Front Banner, Horqin Right wing rear banner, Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner and Horqin Left Wing Front Banner were set up in Horqin department, and Guoerluosi banner was set up in Guoerluosi department.

In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), zalait banner was set up in the Department of zalait, and duelbert banner was set up in the Department of duelbert.

In 1650, Horqin Left wing rear banner was set up in Horqin. So far, the Zhelimu League has jurisdiction over 10 banners. The six banners of Horqin are supervised and controlled by general Shengjing (Fengtian), the former banner of Guoerluosi is supervised and controlled by general Jilin, and the rear banner of Guoerluosi, zalaite banner and duerbert banner are supervised and controlled by general Heilongjiang.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Mongolian land was reclaimed and divided. In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Changchun hall was set up in Changchun fort of Guoerluosi Front Banner (moved to kuanchengzi in 1825). In the first year of Daoguang (1821), it was reformed to set up a separate anti-wear device. Guangxu 15 years (1889) hall office. In 1913, the government was transformed into a county. In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), lishucheng (commonly known as business street) was set up in the left wing central banner of Horqin. In 1878, Fenghua county was established. It was changed into Lishu County in 1914. In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), he was recruited to reclaim land in changtueleke, the left wing rear banner of Horqin. In the 11th year of Jiaqing (1806), the director general's office of Changtu was set up. In the second year of tongzhi (1863), it was changed to the frontier sea to pacify the people. In 1876, it was promoted to Changtu Prefecture. In the first year of Daoguang (1821), Horqin Left Wing central banner was recruited and reclaimed in Bajia town. In the fifth year of tongzhi (1866), Bajia town returned to bianhai and Fumin Tongzhi. In 1877, Huaide county was established. In 1827, Longwan township was set up in the front banner of Guoerluosi. In 1882, the Nong'an branch was set up in Longwan township. In 1889, Nong'an county was established. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Horqin Left Wing central banner was abandoned in Zhengjiatun. Guangxu six years (1880) set up Zhengjiatun main book. In 1902, Liaoyuan Prefecture was established in Zhengjiatun. It was changed to Liaoyuan County in 1913. In 1880, kangjiatun, a left wing front banner of Horqin, was abandoned. Kangping County was established in 1913. In 1898, Siping station was set up in the villages around Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner, which was subordinate to Changtu Prefecture. In 1902, Zhangwu County was set up at hengdaozi at the junction of Horqin Left Wing Front Banner and Tumet Left Banner. In 1904, Dalai hall was set up in molehonggangzi, zalaite banner. In 1913, the Department was changed into a county. In 1904, Taonan mansion was set up in Shuangliu town of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner. In 1913, the government was transformed into a county. In 1904, Jingan county was set up in baichengzi of Taoer Hebei Province, the front banner of Horqin Right Wing, and Kaitong county was set up in qijingzi. In 1905, Anguang county was set up in qianjiawobao, Taoer County, the right-wing rear banner of Horqin. In the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), Zhaozhou Zhili hall was set up in Guoerluosi rear banner, which was later changed to Zhaozhou County; Dehui county was set up by dividing mude and Huaide townships in Guoerluosi Front Banner; anda hall was set up in duerbert banner, which was later changed to anda County; Lindian County was set up in Dongji town of duerbert banner; Liquan town was set up in Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner, which was changed to Liquan County in the first year of Xuantong (1909), which was later changed to Zhaozhou county Tuquan county. In 1907, Changling County was set up in the front banner of Guoerluosi. In the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), chagannaoer, the right-wing rear banner of Horqin, set up the Zhendong Administrative Bureau. In the second year of Xuantong (1910), Zhendong county was set up.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Shuangshan county was set up in caiha Xindian Shuangshan Town, left wing central banner of Horqin, and then merged with Liaoyuan county to form Shuangliao county. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Tongliao town was set up in Balin Tailai, the left wing central banner of Horqin, and later changed to Tongliao county. In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), Kaihua County was separated from Liquan County, which was set up by Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner, and then Zhanyu county was changed. In 1928, Qian'an county was set up in the front banner of Guoerluosi. In 1932, Keerqin Right Wing Front Banner, Keerqin Right Wing Middle Banner, Keerqin right wing rear banner, Keerqin Left Wing Front Banner, Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner, Keerqin left wing rear banner and zalaite banner belonged to the southern branch of Xing'an province. In 1934, the puppet Xing'an province was transformed into An'an Province, which was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Mongolian government. Tongliao county and Kulun banner were under the jurisdiction of Xing'an Province, guoerluoqian banner was under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province, guoerluohou banner was under the jurisdiction of Binjiang Province, and durbert banner was under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province. In 1943, the southern province of Xing'an was renamed the southern region of Xing'an, belonging to the general province of Xing'an. In October 1945, the three banners joint office was established in Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner, Horqin Left Wing Front Banner and Horqin Left wing rear banner. The CPC Liaobei provincial committee appointed Liaoyuan special office to take over Tongliao county. In December, Keerqin left wing three banners belonged to the south of Xing'an. In January 1946, Tongliao and Kailu were under the jurisdiction of western Liaoning Province. In April, the southern region of Xing'an was abolished and Zhelimu province was established. In June, Zhelimu province was renamed Zhelimu League, which was established by Liaoning Province and Jilin Province

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Tong Liao Shi