Naqu City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Nagqu Nagqu, a prefecture level city of Tibet Autonomous Region, is located in the north of Tibet and the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is the source of the Yangtze River, Nujiang River, Lhasa River, Yigong Zangbu River, etc. As of June 2020, Naqu city has jurisdiction over one district and 10 counties, with a total area of 430000 square kilometers. As of June 2020, Naqu city has a total population of 500000, including 468000 in animal husbandry. The municipal government is stationed at No. 3, Zhejiang West Road, seni district.

Naqu city is the "North Gate" of Tibet, an important part of the five pastoral areas in China, known as the "source of rivers" and "water tower of China". On the whole, it belongs to underdeveloped and backward areas. It is located between the Tanggula mountains, nyainqen Tanggula mountains and Gangdise mountains in northern Tibet. The central part is hilly plateau terrain, the northwest part is high altitude, the northern part is Tanggula Mountain area, the eastern part is plateau mountain area, and the southern part is the intersection zone of northern Tibet Plateau and eastern Tibet mountain canyon.

Naqu city belongs to sub frigid climate zone. Cold and anoxic, big temperature difference between day and night, windy weather. The main rivers in the territory are Naqu River, Gongqu River, Moqu River, Caiyou River and Laoqu River, and the larger lakes are dazco, cuoe, nairi bengcuo, cuomurucuo and zhuangcuo.

In 2018, the local GDP of Naqu city was 13.65 billion yuan, an increase of 9% year on year. Social fixed asset investment increased by 28.15% (fixed asset investment was 23.77 billion yuan). The local fiscal revenue was 888 million yuan, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 2.467 billion yuan.

History of construction

About 10000-50000 years ago, the Nagqu area belonged to the Xiangxiong regime.

Around the 7th century, the eastern part of Naqu belonged to the Supi tribe. Later, the Tubo tribes unified Tibet and established the Tubo Dynasty, which brought northern Tibet under their rule.

In the Song Dynasty, Naqu, Yangbajing, bangcang (today's Dangle lake and angze Lake area) and langru (today's bange county area) were called the four northern tribes.

In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1269), Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, sent officials to set up post stations along the main post roads from Qinghai to sasaga. Among them, seven post stations were set up in qianzang. The post roads passed through the areas of Baqing, suoxian, Jue, Naqu and Dangxiong in today's Naqu, and sent Mongolian soldiers to settle in northern Tibet.

From the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century, it belonged to the Heshuote Mongolian regime and stationed Mongolian cavalry in Tengger Lake (Namco) to frighten the whole Tibet.

In the third year of Yongzheng reign (1725), the Qing government set up the Minister of Qinghai affairs, appointed the twelfth generation of "King hor" chijiajiqin to be in charge of 39 families, directly under the Yiqing yamen of Li Fan yuan.

In 1728 (the sixth year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing government set up a government office for ministers stationed in Lhasa.

In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign of Qing Dynasty (1731), the boundary of Qinghai Tibet was surveyed. The tribes at the north and south foot of the Gula mountains were under the jurisdiction of the minister in Tibet and the minister in charge of Qinghai affairs. Thirty nine ethnic groups were under the direct control of the minister in Tibet.

In 1751, kannang sect was established in Naqu, which was under the jurisdiction of gaxia, a new Tibetan local government.

In 1916, gaxia set up a general manager in Huoer area, namely "huoerji".

In the year of Shuima (1942) of the Tibetan calendar, the gaxia local government set up jiangqiaqiao, which was under the jurisdiction of 14 sects in the pastoral areas of northern Tibet and north of Lhasa. Naqu sect was one of them.

In October 1950, the eastern Changdu and Naqu areas were liberated.

In March 1951, the people's Liberation Committee of Changdu region was established. Nie Rongzong, suozong, baqingzong, ruuzong, larizong, chiduzong, sezazong and dingqingzong, who originally belonged to jiangqujiqiao of gaxia, were subordinate to the first office of the Committee (in Dingqing). The central and western areas of Naqu were still managed by jiangqujiqiao of gaxia.

In January 1953, the Heihe sub working committee of the Tibet Working Committee of the Communist Party of China was established.

On October 9, 1956, the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region established the Heihe Jiqiao office. Naquzong is under the jurisdiction of naqujiqiao office.

In 1959, the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region made a major adjustment to the administrative divisions of northern Tibet. The Heihe Jiqiao office has jurisdiction over nine counties. In October, the Preparatory Committee decided to abolish the local Jiqiao offices and set up administrative offices.

In January 1960, the State Council approved the change of the name of "Heihe area" to "Naqu area". In February, the Heihe Commissioner's office was established.

In 1965, it was renamed Naqu Xingshu.

In 1970, Naqu district was renamed as Naqu District, and Naqu County was under the jurisdiction of Naqu district.

In 1985, the State Council approved the establishment of NIMA county.

In November 2012, the State Council approved the establishment of Shuanghu county.

In October 2017, Naqu district and Naqu County were abolished, and prefecture level Naqu city and seni district were established.

administrative division

On November 15, 2012, Shuanghu county was established, which included cuozheluma Town, xiede Township, Yaqu Township, gacuo Township, cuozhejiangma Township, Duoma Township and baling Township under the jurisdiction of Shuanghu county. Shuanghu County People's government was stationed at No. 9, South Soga Road, Duoma township. Shuanghu county is under the jurisdiction of Naqu district.

As of June 2020, Naqu city has jurisdiction over 1 municipal district and 10 counties: seni District, Jiali County, Jue County, nierong County, Ando County, Shenza County, Suo County, bange County, Baqing County, NIMA county and Shuanghu county. There are 89 townships, 25 towns and 1283 villages. Naqu municipal government is located at No. 3, Zhejiang West Road, seni district.

geographical environment

Location context

Naqu city is located in the north of Tibet Autonomous Region and the hinterland of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, bordering Qinghai Province in the north and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the northwest. It is adjacent to Changdu in the East, Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi in the south, and Ali in the West. It is between 83 ° 55 ′ - 95 ° 5 ′ E and 29 ° 55 ′ - 36 ° 30 ′ n. It is 1156 kilometers long from east to west and 760 kilometers wide from north to south. The total area of Naqu city is 430000 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

Naqu city is located between the Tanggula mountains, nyainqen Tanggula mountains and Gangdise mountains in northern Tibet. The central part is hilly plateau terrain, mountainous, but the slope is relatively gentle, most of the mountains are rounded. The Northwest has a higher altitude. Because it is located in the branch or the aftervein of Nyainqentanglha mountains, it has many peaks, steep terrain and significant elevation difference. The altitude is more than 5500 meters. The highest is sangdingkangsang mountain, which is about 6500 meters above sea level.

The northern part of Naqu city belongs to Tanggula Mountain area, which is a typical plateau mountain terrain and is irregular oval. Tanggula mountains are ridge shaped, lying in the middle. The terrain is high in the middle, low in the north and south, high in the West and low in the East. From 6600m in the middle to 4700m in the north and 4500m in the south, with an average altitude of more than 5200m. The mountains in this area extend from east to west, mainly including Tanggula mountains, torju (little Tanggula) mountains and sangkagang (shengeligong) mountains.

The eastern part of Naqu city is a plateau mountain, with an altitude of 3800-4500 meters, and an average altitude of 4100 meters. The terrain is inclined from northwest to Southeast, and the altitude gradually decreases. The western part of the area is more than 4400 meters above sea level, with low mountains and hills; the eastern part is more than 3800 meters above sea level, with high mountains. Due to the complex terrain, except for some alpine grasslands in a few places, the rest of the area are abrupt and steep. Deep valleys are formed between high mountains, and the height difference between valley bottom and peak is more than 1000 meters.

The southern part of Naqu city is located at the intersection of the northern Tibetan Plateau and the eastern Tibetan high mountains and valleys. Some areas are plateau hills with an altitude of more than 5000 meters. Some areas are abrupt and steep with long and narrow valleys formed between the high mountains. In the area adjacent to Linzhi, the altitude drops sharply, with an altitude of only 3000 meters, and there are large valley plains.

climate

Naqu city belongs to sub frigid climate zone, with high altitude, high altitude, lack of heat, severe cold and dry climate, and its oxygen content is only half of sea level.

The northern Tibetan Plateau is one of the worst climate regions in Tibet, and it is a typical sub frigid climate region. The annual average temperature is - 0.9 ℃ to - 3.3 ℃, the annual relative humidity is 48-51%, the average annual rainfall is only between 100-200 mm, the annual sunshine hours are 2852.6-2881.7 hours, the annual climate is dry and cold, and there is no absolute frost free period. From November to march of the next year is a dry and windy period in northern Tibet. Once it snows, it is easy to become a snow disaster. During this period, the climate is dry, the temperature is low, the wind and sand are large, and the duration is long. It is relatively warm from May to September, which is the golden season of grassland. The climate is mild, the wind is smooth, the rainfall accounts for 80% of the whole year, and the growth period of green plants is about 100 days, which is concentrated in this season.

From November to march of the next year is the dry and windy period in northern Tibet. During this period, the climate is dry, the temperature is low, the wind and sand are large, and the duration is long. From May to September, it is relatively warm, with mild climate and beautiful wind. The rainfall accounts for 80% of the whole year. The growth period of green plants is about 100 days.

hydrology

The main rivers in Naqu city are Naqu River, Gongqu River, Moqu River, Caiyou River and Laoqu River, which are important tributaries of Naqu river. Many seasonal rivers and mountain streams flow into Naqu river or into lakes in the city. The total runoff of the river is about 4.4 million cubic meters. The larger lakes are dazco, cuoe, naribuncuo, cuomurucuo and tampco ("CuO" means Lake in Tibetan). Except naribuncuo is a salt lake, the rest are freshwater lakes.

natural resources

water resource

The Yangtze River and Nujiang River both originate in Naqu city. There are more than 20 tributaries flowing into the two rivers, more than 30 tributaries flowing into inland lakes and Yarlung Zangbo River, and countless other seasonal rivers. In addition, that song