Pingliang City, Gansu Province

Pingliang Pingliang is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province, a sub central city of Gansu Province approved by the people's Government of Gansu Province, an important node city of the Silk Road Economic Belt, and an ecological livable city with cultural tourism and industry and trade logistics in the joint area of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. As of April 2020, the city has jurisdiction over one district, one city and five counties, with a total area of 11000 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 2125300 by the end of 2019.

Pingliang is located in Northwest China, in the east of Gansu Province, at the intersection of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia provinces (regions), with Xianyang in the East, Dingxi and Baiyin in the west, Baoji and Tianshui in the south, Guyuan and Qingyang in the north. It is an important highway hub in Northwest China, an important transfer station of the second passage of Eurasian Continental Bridge, and an important transportation hub, business town and regional central city in Eastern Gansu, known as "Longshang dry wharf".

Pingliang is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. As early as 3000 years ago, the Zhou Dynasty created a relatively advanced farming culture in the Jinghe River Basin. In 376 ad, the former Qin Dynasty destroyed Qianliang, and took the meaning of "pacifying the Liangguo" and established Pingliang county. The name of Pingliang began from then on. There are many historical and cultural relics in Pingliang, including 2257 cultural sites of Yangshao culture, Qijia culture and other periods. Kongtong mountain Daoyuan culture, ancient Chengji Fuxi Culture, Xiwangmu ancient culture, huangfumi medical culture have unique charm.

There are 5A scenic spots in the city, such as Kongtong mountain, yunya temple, nanshiku temple, Jingchuan Wangmu palace, Chongxin Longquan Temple and other places of interest. It has been rated as China's excellent tourist city, the top ten scenic spots most satisfied by Chinese customers, and one of the 50 places most worth visiting by foreigners in China. In December 2018, the list of top ten glamour cities of China in 2018 was released, and Pingliang won the title of "glamour city of the year for cultural tourism poverty alleviation". In October 2019, it was identified as "the third batch of urban demonstration cities for black and odorous water treatment". In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

Pingliang has a long history. 12 Paleolithic sites have been found in Pingliang. In addition to the stone tools collected, there are also human skull fossils and accompanying animal fossils such as cattle, horses and sheep, which are enough to prove that human activities existed in Pingliang as early as 600000 years ago. From the ruins of the early Paleolithic ancestors' life unearthed at daling, Taiping Township, Jingchuan County, it can be concluded that there were human beings living in Pingliang 300000 years ago. Five thousand years ago, Emperor Xuanyuan visited Kongtong mountain in Pingliang City and asked Yu guangchengzi.

In the Xia Dynasty, it was the residence of Rongdi. To the east of Longshan is the place where Yao lived, and to the west is the place where Kun Yi lived.

At the end of the Shang Dynasty, mi (now Lingtai county), Ruan (now between Jingchuan and Lingtai county) and Gong (now Jingchuan county) were successively established in the southeast of the territory.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was the place where the people of the Zhou Dynasty lived and lived. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, MI, Ruan, Gong and other states surrendered to Zhou, and King Wen of Zhou built Lingtai in today's Lingtai county.

In the spring and Autumn period, the territory was under the jurisdiction of Wushi and yiqurong. In the 37th year of Duke mu of Qin Dynasty (623 BC), Qin Farong "benefited the country for 12 years and opened up a thousand miles", belonging to Qin.

the warring states. In the sixth year of gengyuan (319 BC), King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty set up three counties: Jingyang, Wushi (in today's Pingliang City) and quail Gu (the place of administration is unknown). Ten years ago (315 BC), Qin attacked Yiqu, took 25 cities, Qin's power was growing.

In the 28th year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (279 BC), Qin set up Longxi County (governing today's Lintao), and now Jingning and Zhuanglang counties belong to Longxi County. In the 35th year (272 BC), "Qin mieyi canal" was set up in Beidi county (now Ning county), and now Pingliang, Jingchuan, Lingtai, Chongxin and the north of Huating. After that, the territory was divided into Wushi county and Yinmi county (now Lingtai County, which was changed from the former Mi state) Chaona (to the west of Pengyang County in Ningxia and to the northwest of Pingliang City) and Jingyang (to Anguo Township in Pingliang City).

In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), Qin unified the six countries and implemented the system of prefectures and counties in an all-round way. Except Huating and Chongxin, the rest belong to Longxi and Beidi counties. In the 27th year of the first emperor (220 BC), Guigu county was built (governing shaozhaiyuan, Lingtai county). In addition, Lu county (Zhijin Chongxin) has no test on the setting time.

In the Han Dynasty, the local administrative divisions were still at county and county levels. In November of the second year of Liu Bang (205 BC), Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, he set up a Yang county (governing the south of Jingning city). In the third year of Yuanding reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (114 BC), it was divided into Beidi county and anding county (governing today's Guyuan of Ningxia), and Longxi County and Tianshui county (governing today's Tongwei county). In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), there were 13 Department of history to govern the counties. The counties to the east of Longshan, except for quail Gu, which belongs to Beidi County of the governor's Department of Shuofang, and the county to the southeast of Huating, which is led by youfufeng, mostly belong to anding County of the governor's Department of Liangzhou; to the west of Longshan, now Jingning and Zhuanglang counties are under the jurisdiction of Tianshui County of the governor's Department of Liangzhou. Anding county leads 21 counties, including Wushi, Jingyang, Chaona, Yinmi, Lu, Linjing (now Jingchuan), Yinpan (at the junction of Jingchuan county and Changwu County in Shaanxi Province), Anding (at the northeast of Jingchuan county and the southeast of Zhenyuan County), Yuande (between Jingchuan county and Lingtai county) and Yueshi Road (at the area of Baishui Township in Pingliang City and Huangzhai Township in Chongxin county) ）。 From the Han Dynasty, the records of administrative division are relatively complete, but the time of setting up the county is not recorded. According to Li Daoyuan's shuijingzhu and Fan Wenlan's general history of China, huatingjing was set up in Anmin County in the second year of emperor Ping's first year (Ad 2), Zizhitongjian was annotated as "the second year of emperor Cheng's Yongshi (BC 15)", and it was abolished in the fifth year of emperor an's Yongshi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (111), which lasted for more than 100 years. In the second year of the first year of emperor Ping (Ad 2), Anmin county was built in Huating, and it was abandoned when three counties were moved in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the first year of the new mang Tianfeng (14th year), Tianshui county was changed to fill (town) Rong County. It was also divided into Ayang county and ruled into Ji. In addition, Wushi county was renamed Wuting and Yueshi road was renamed YueShun.

At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the administrative region was adjusted and the quail Gu in Beidi county was classified as anding county. The counties of Wushi, Jingyang, Chaona, Yinmi, Lu, Linjing, Anding, Yinpan, Yuande, yueshidao and Anmin are under the jurisdiction of Anding county. Guangwu emperor Jianwu six years (30) abandoned anding, Yuande two counties, which were merged into Linjing. In the 17th year of Yongping reign of the Ming Emperor (74), Tianshui county was renamed Hanyang County, which governs a Yang County in the west of Longshan. In March of the fifth year of emperor an Yongchu (111), Anding county was transferred to meiyang (now Wugong County of Shaanxi Province). In September of the fourth year of Emperor Shun Yongjian (129), Anding County restored its original system and moved to Linjing (now Shuiquan temple in the northwest of Jingchuan county). The former Gaoping County has been moved to Jingchuan county. It was the year when Jingyang was abandoned to Chaona. Wuzhiqiao is located in the east of Jingchuan county. Chaona County moved from Pengyang County to Linjing county. The overseas Chinese in Sanshui county are located in Liangyuan, Lingtai county. Lu, Yueshi, Anmin and Yinmi are missing.

In 188, Yinpan county was moved to Xinfeng in Jingzhao (now Lintong County in the northeast of Xi'an city), and its land was merged into quail Gu County. In 194, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty set up Xinping county (Branch County) in quail Gu County. In 213, the counties of Liangzhou were merged into Yongzhou. Chengji and ayang belong to Hanyang County of Yongzhou. Sanshui, Linjing and Wuzhi belong to anding county. After that, Sanshui county was abandoned.

Three Kingdoms, the jurisdiction of the state of Wei Yongzhou. In the third year of Jingyuan (262), the Wushi, Linjing, Chaona in Jingchuan and Yinmi in Lingtai belong to anding county. Quail Gu in Lingtai belongs to Xinping County. Huating belongs to Fufeng County. Anyang and Chengji in Jingning belong to Guangwei county and Tianshui county respectively.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Yongzhou is still under its jurisdiction. Linjing, Chaona, Wushi and Dulu (Dulu, newly built) are the source of the water of tanzheng gorge. There is a name for this county in the geographical records of the book of Jin (now near Dulu mountain in Pingliang City), Yinmi, quail Gu (transferred), belong to anding county. In 269 (the fifth year of Taishi reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty), Qinzhou was divided into Yongzhou, Liangzhou and Liangzhou. In 282 (the third year of Taikang reign), Qinzhou was merged into Yongzhou (the restoration time remains to be determined). In the Chengji period, Qinzhou belonged to Tianshui county. Guangwei county is renamed Lueyang County, which governs Linwei (the northeast of today's water city), and belongs to the county of Lueyang.

Sixteen States, the jurisdiction of this region is mainly controlled by the former Zhao (Han), the latter Zhao, the former Qin, the latter Qin and the great Xia. Jingning was once under the jurisdiction of the Western Qin Dynasty and Qianliang.

Before the beginning of Zhao Dynasty, Anding county still existed. It belonged to Yongzhou and governed Jingchuan, Lingtai, Chongxin, Pingliang and the north of Huating. In the second year of Daxing (Taixing) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (319), it was divided into two parts: anding county and Fufeng County, and Longdong county was established (governing Longxian county and Huating County in Shaanxi Province). The southern border of Huating county and Chongxin county belongs to Longdong county. Chengji still belongs to Tianshui county. When Zhang Mao of Qianliang was in power, he restored Qinzhou in 322, the first year of Yongchang, the Yuan emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and unified Tianshui County into Chengji county. Before the tenth year of Zhao Guang's reign (327), the whole territory is now under the jurisdiction of Tianshui County, Longdong County, Anding county and Lueyang county.

Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty transferred Yongzhou to anding. In the second year of Yongxing (358), "Zhao Pingjun was set up in quail Gu", which is now part of Lingtai County; in the second year of Ganlu (360) of the former Qin Dynasty, it was set up in Yongzhou and fuyuande County; Yinmi county belongs to Yongzhou and quail Gu belongs to Zhao Pingjun.

In the 12th year of Jianyuan (376), Qianliang was destroyed and Pingliang county was established, which means "pacifying the Liangguo". Most of Pingliang City, Huating and the north of Chongxin belong to Pengyang County.

Chengji still belongs to Tianshui County of Qinzhou; today's zhuanglangjing still belongs to Lueyang County; in the first year of the reform of the Western Qin Dynasty (409), it conquered Lueyang county and Shuiluo city (now Zhuanglang County of Gansu Province).

In the later Zhao Dynasty, Tianshui, Lueyang and anding were the main cities

Chinese PinYin : Gan Su Sheng Ping Liang Shi