Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Yinchuan, Yinchuan for short, is the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and an important central city in Northwest China approved by the State Council. As of 2018, the city has three districts, two counties and one county-level city under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 9025.38 square kilometers, a built-up area of 170 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 2250600, and an urbanization rate of 77.57%. In 2019, there will be 2.2931 million permanent residents.

Yinchuan is located in Northwest China and the middle of Ningxia plain. It is located in the west edge of Ordos in the East and Helan Mountain in the West. The Yellow River passes through the city. It is an important trade town along the ancient Silk Road. It is the military, political, economic, cultural, scientific research, transportation and financial center of Ningxia. It is the central city of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Gansu, the core city of urban agglomeration along the Yellow River, and the economic corridor of China Mongolia Russia and new Eurasian Continental Bridge Heart city is the window of the country's opening to the West.

The city's comprehensive competitiveness ranks among the top 100 in China. It has won the national civilized city, the national water-saving city, the National Health City, the National Garden City, the national environmental protection model city, and the China living environment model award. It has been rated as one of the "top ten new Tianfu in China".

In January 2018, it was awarded "2017 China smart city development demonstration city". In October 2018, it was awarded the annual logo city of healthy China. In October 2018, it won the title of the first batch of "international wetland cities" in the world. In 2018, the national health city was reconfirmed. On October 23, 2019, it was identified as "the third batch of demonstration cities for urban black and odorous water treatment". In December 2019, it was named "national demonstration city of national unity and progress".

In June 2020, the Central Committee for the rule of law was selected as the first batch of national government construction demonstration areas and projects. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Yinchuan is a national famous historical and cultural city. It has a long history of the ancient city of Saishang. As early as 30000 years ago, human beings lived in Shuidonggou ruins. In history, the capital of Xixia Dynasty is a national historical and cultural city. It is also known as "Phoenix City" in folklore, and "Xingqing house" and "Ningxia city" in ancient times. It is known as "the south of the Great Wall, the land of fish and rice". In the west of the city, there is a famous national style Xixia mausoleum, a famous scenic area.

The Shuidonggou site of Paleolithic age 30000 years ago and the Neolithic cultural sites of zhenbeibao and Nuanquan are the earliest settlements in Yinchuan.

During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it was a nomadic area for the northern Qiang, Xunyu (meat porridge), Xiongnu and other nationalities.

In 221 BC, after Qin Shihuang destroyed six countries, Meng Tian led 300000 troops to attack Xiongnu in the north, took Hetao land, occupied Hedong area of Ningxia Plain, and began to defend the border here. Qin divided the whole world into 36 counties, and Yinchuan area belonged to Beidi county. During the reign of emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty (around 24 BC), the city of beidiannong (also known as Lucheng and yinhancheng) was built, which was the beginning of the construction of Yinchuan.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the state of Daxia rebuilt Liziyuan as an important Garrison and grain town. Huaiyuan County and Huaiyuan County were established in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Huaiyuan County and Huaiyuan County were established in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In 677, Huaiyuan County was flooded by the Yellow River and the city was abandoned. The second year (678) in the Old City West more build new city (now Yinchuan Xingqing District).

Huaiyuan town was established in the Song Dynasty. In 1020, Li Deming, leader of the Dangxiang clan, moved his capital from Lingzhou (now Lingwu) to Huaiyuan town (now Yinchuan City). He built a palace and built the capital, which was renamed Xingzhou. Later, Li Yuanhao, the son of Li Deming, was promoted to Xingqing Prefecture. In the first year of song Baoyuan (1038), Li Yuanhao built an altar in the south of Xingqing Prefecture, which was named emperor. He built Daxia state (known as Xixia in History), with Xingqing prefecture (Yinchuan) as its capital and Liangzhou prefecture (Wuwei) as its auxiliary county. He has the reputation of "Xingqing in the East and Liangzhou in the west".

Zhongxing Road was set up in Yuan Dynasty, and then it was changed to Ningxia Fu Road. The name of Ningxia began here.

Ningxia government was set up in Ming Dynasty, which is one of the "nine border towns".

In the Qing Dynasty, it was still governed by Ningxia government.

In Jianyuan period of the Republic of China, because the name of Ningxia road was the same as that of Ningxia county in Qing Dynasty, and Ningxia was ancient shuofangdao, Ningxia road was changed to shuofangdao, leading Ningxia, ningshuo, Zhongwei, Pingluo, Lingwu, Jinji, Yanchi and Zhenrong, which still belonged to Gansu Province. Road Department and Ningxia, ningshuo two counties are set up in Ningxia city.

In 1913, ningshuo county government moved to Xinmancheng, and then to wanghongbao, Yongning County, qujingbao, Qingtongxia City and Xiaoba town.

On October 17, 1923, eight counties of shuofangdao in old Gansu Province and Xitao Mongolian Banner under the jurisdiction of Ningxia garrison were merged into Ningxia Province.

On January 1, 1929, Ningxia provincial government was established, and the provincial capital was located in Ningxia city.

In April 1941, Yongning County was added to some areas under the jurisdiction of Ningxia and ningshuo counties, and the county government was stationed in yanghebao (now Yongning Yanghe town). Ningxia county changed its name to Helan County, and the county government moved its self-examination city to Xiebao (now Xigang Town, Helan county). In January 1944, the capital of Ningxia was transformed into a city, named Yinchuan, which is still the capital of Ningxia.

At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was still the capital of Ningxia.

In 1954, the organizational system of Ningxia Province was abolished, and Yinchuan city was the seat of Yinchuan special office of Gansu Province.

In October 1958, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established. Yinchuan city is the capital of the region and the political, economic and cultural center of the region.

On October 19, 2002, the urban area, new urban area and suburb of Yinchuan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were abolished, and Xixia District, Jinfeng district and Xingqing District of Yinchuan city were established.

On October 25, 2002, the people's Government of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region approved to change Lingwu City from Wuzhong City to Yinchuan city.

administrative division

By 2019, Yinchuan has three municipal districts, two counties and one county-level city. Yinchuan covers an area of 9555.38 square kilometers. The Municipal People's government is located at No. 166, Beijing Middle Road, Jinfeng district.

geographical environment

Location context

Yinchuan borders Yanchi County of Wuzhong City in the East, Helan Mountain in the west, Alxa Left Banner of Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Litong District and Qingtongxia City of Wuzhong City in the south, Pingluo County of Shizuishan City in the north, and Etuokeqian banner of Ordos City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (bounded by the Ming Great Wall). Its geographical range is 37 ° 29 ′～ 38 ° 53 ′ N and 105 ° 49 ′～ 106 ° 53 ′ E. By the end of 2013, the urban built-up area was 148.60 square kilometers.

Geographical coordinates of the city: 38 ° 08 ′～ 38 ° 53 ′ n, 105 ° 49 ′～ 106 ° 35 ′ E.

topographic features

The terrain of Yinchuan city is divided into mountain and plain. It is higher in the West and south, lower in the north and East, and slightly inclined in the southwest northeast direction. From west to East, it can be divided into Helan Mountain, alluvial plain, alluvial Lake Plain, river valley plain and floodplain. The altitude is between 1010 m and 1150 m, the ground slope is about 2 ‰, and the soil layer is thick. Helan Mountain in the west of Yinchuan is a medium high stone mountain with a trend of North by East. It is about 150 km long and 20-30 km wide. The highest peak is 3556 meters above sea level, which is a natural barrier to prevent the northwest cold air and sandstorm from driving straight into Yinchuan. Helan Mountain is nearly 70 kilometers in Yinchuan City, covering an area of 58800 hectares. The mountain is high and steep, and the momentum is majestic.

geology

Yinchuan is located in the hinge of the East and West tectonic belts in China. Geotectonically, Helanshan platform depression and Yinchuan graben, which belong to the western margin depression belt of Ordos, are the Piedmont depression area between Helanshan fold belt and Ordos platform. It is one of the key earthquake monitoring and defense areas in China and one of the first batch of 38 earthquake fortification cities in China. The fortification intensity of Yinchuan earthquake is 8 degrees.

Yinchuan graben starts from Shizuishan in the north and ends at Qingtongxia in the south, with a length of 160 km and a maximum width of 55 km. The East and west sides of the graben are respectively controlled by the Yellow River fault and the east foot fault of Helan Mountain. There are two large-scale faults in the graben, namely luhuatai fault and Yinchuan Pingluo fault. These four faults control the formation and development of Yinchuan graben. The earthquakes with m ≥ 3 in the graben of surrounding counties and cities will affect the urban area of Yinchuan, and the earthquakes with m ≥ 6 in the graben will damage the urban area.

There have been many destructive earthquakes in the history of Yinchuan: in 1143, there was an earthquake of magnitude 6; in 1227, there was an earthquake of magnitude 5.5; in 1477, there was an earthquake of magnitude 6.5, with intensity of 8. In particular, the Yinchuan Pingluo earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in 1739. The intensity of Yinchuan earthquake area was 10 degrees, which completely destroyed the ancient city of Yinchuan. This is the largest catastrophic earthquake in the history of Yinchuan plain.

climate

Yinchuan city and its counties (cities) are located in the temperate continental climate, the main climate characteristics are: four distinct seasons, late spring and short summer, early autumn and long winter, large temperature difference between day and night, rare rain and snow, strong evaporation, dry climate, strong wind and sand, etc. The annual average temperature is about 8.5 ℃ and the annual average sunshine hours is 2800-3000 hours. It is one of the areas with the most solar radiation and sunshine hours in China. The annual average precipitation is about 200 mm, and the frost free period is about 185 days.

hydrology

In the history of Yinchuan, due to the continuous diversion of the Yellow River, there are many lakes and wetlands. In ancient times, there was the saying of "Seventy two connected lakes", and now it has the reputation of "Saishang Lake City". The city has a wetland area of 39700 hectares, mainly lake wetlands and river wetlands, of which natural wetlands account for more than 60% of the wetland area, nearly 200 natural lakes, and more than 20 lakes with an area of more than 100 hectares. More famous are Mingcui lake, Yuehai lake, Hequan lake, Baohu lake, Xihu Lake, etc. Yinchuan wetland is rich in animal and plant resources, there are more than 190 kinds of wetland plants, more than 150 kinds of wetland wildlife, including the national wetland

Chinese PinYin : Ning Xia Hui Zu Zi Zhi Qu Yin Chuan Shi