Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Ordos, meaning "numerous palaces" in Mongolian, is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is located in the southwest of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and in the hinterland of Ordos Plateau, between 37 ° 35 ′ 24 ″ - 40 ° 51 ′ 40 ″ N and 106 ° 42 ′ 40 ″ - 111 ° 27 ′ 20 ″ e, with a total area of 86752 square kilometers. Ordos is a semi-arid continental climate zone in north temperate zone, with great changes in winter and summer. By 2018, Ordos has jurisdiction over two districts and seven banners, and the municipal government is located in Kangbashi district. By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population of Ordos is 2.0876 million.

In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), the first emperor of Qin Dynasty unified China and set up counties and counties in the present Ordos area; in the 33rd year of Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1907), the Qing Dynasty set up Dongsheng hall in the eastern part of the left wing central banner of Ordos; on December 28, 1949, the Government Affairs Committee of Yimeng people's autonomy changed its name to Yimeng people's autonomous government of Suiyuan province and established darhu in Huoluo, the former Junwang banner The people's Government of the Special Administrative Region; on April 30, 2001, YIKEZHAO League officially changed its name to Ordos City with the approval of the State Council.

Ordos is a prefecture level city with Mongolian as the main body and Han nationality as the majority. It is the best ethnic tourism city in China. Ordos is one of the 18 typical regions in the 30 years of reform and opening up. It is the central city of hubao'e urban agglomeration, and is positioned as one of the provincial sub central cities by the government of the autonomous region. Ordos is a national forest city, a national civilized city, an excellent tourism city in China, the most innovative city in China, and a national ecological garden city. There are Dazhun, Zhundong and Dongwu railways running from east to west, Baoshen and Baoxi railways running from north to south, and Ordos airport has 56 navigable cities. There are Genghis Khan Mausoleum, Jiucheng palace, Ordos grassland, Khan palace and other attractions.

In November 2018, Ordos was selected into the top 100 of China's urban well-off index. In 2019, Ordos City will achieve a regional GDP of 360.5 billion yuan

Historical evolution

Pre Qin Period

Ordos has a long history. From 140000 to 70000 years ago, "Hetao people" flourished in the Salawusu River (also known as Wuding River and Hongliu River) basin in Wushen Banner of YIKEZHAO League, creating the famous ancient "Ordos" culture, known as "Hetao people culture" in history.

After Dayu established the country, he divided the country into nine states. At this time, Ordos was under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou, while the southwest of Ordos was under the control of qusou state.

After Chengtang exterminated Xia, the son of Xia Yin emperor, Yao Yao, fled to qusou for refuge with his family members. Since then, the southwest of Ordos was ruled by Yao Yao. After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, the southwest of Ordos was classified as Gui Fang.

After the fall of Shang Dynasty, the military strength of Yuyu people became stronger and stronger, threatening the security of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In 827 BC and 822 BC, King Xuan of Zhou sent two generals nanzhong and Yin Jifu to attack Yuyu, and ordered nanzhong to build a city along the Salawusu River and Yuxi River. In history, it was called Shuofang City, which is now in the northeast of Ordos Put it in the elm.

At the end of the 5th century, Zhungeer banner in the east of Ordos was the administrative area of the state of Wei, named Shangjun.

In the 10th year of emperor Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (328 BC), Wei was defeated by Qin and ceded Shangjun to Qin. After that, the state of Qin killed the king of Yiqu, and set up Beidi County in Etuokeqian banner, Etuokeqi and its adjacent areas in the southwest of Ordos. The rest of the area was inhabited by nomadic tribes such as Loufan.

In 306 BC, Zhao defeated Linhu and Loufan and set up Yunzhong county and Jiuyuan County in the northeast of Ordos. In the late Warring States period, the eastern part of Ordos was owned by the state of Qin.

Qin and Han Dynasties

In 221 B.C., the first emperor of Qin unified China and established counties and counties in today's Ordos area: Etuoke Banner and Etuokeqian banner belong to Beidi County, Eastern Zhungeer banner and ejinholo banner belong to Yunzhong County, northern Dalate Banner and Zhungeer banner belong to Jiuyuan County, and southern Wushen Banner, Etuokeqian banner and ejinholo banner belong to Beidi county It has jurisdiction over 34 counties. At this time, there were two historical appellations in Ordos area, namely "new Qinzhong" and "Henan".

In the second year of Yuanshuo (127 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Wuyuan County was set up in the northern part of Dalate Banner, Ordos, with Heyin County, manbai county and Gaoxing County; Shuofang county was set up in Hangjin Banner, with LINRONG County, Woye County, Linhe County, Guangmu County, Shuofang County, Huqiu county and qusou County; Yunzhong county was set up in the northern part of Zhungeer banner, and Shanan county was set up; in the eastern part of Zhungeer banner, Dongsheng District and qushou county were set up There are six counties in Xihe County, namely Guluo, Fuchang, Meiji, zengshan, Humeng and Dacheng; there are three counties in Wushen County, namely Sheyan, Baitu and Gaowang.

In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to manage the Huns who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty established five vassal states in Ordos area, namely Shangjun, Xihe Jun, Wuyuan Jun, Shuofang Jun and Yunzhong Jun.

In the second year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (10 years), after Wang Mang usurped power, he changed Shuofang County into qusou County, Wuyuan County into Dejiang County, Yunzhong County into Shoujiang County, Xihe County into Guixin County in order to control the present Ordos area.

In view of the state's financial difficulties, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu of the Han Dynasty decided to reduce some local administrative agencies. In the 11th year (35th year) and the 20th year (44th year) of the Jianwu period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shuofang county and Wuyuan County were abolished, and the present Ordos Area was owned by Bingzhou (now Taiyuan City).

In the 23rd year of Jianwu (47th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, yuquri of the Xiongnu conquered the king and attached him to the Eastern Han Dynasty. He established himself as huhexie Danyu, and owned the area of narin in Jungar banner.

In the 26th year of Jianwu (50th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the present Ordos area was divided into Shuofang County, Wuyuan County, Yunzhong County, Hexi county and Shangjun county. Shuofang County governs the south of Hangjin Banner and Etuokeqian banner, Shuofang County, Guangmu county and Dacheng County; Wuyuan County governs the north of Dalate Banner and Zhungeer banner, Heyin county and manbai County; Yunzhong County governs the northeast of Zhungeer banner, Shanan County; Hexi County governs Dongsheng City, Yijinhuoluo banner and southwest of Zhungeer banner, It has jurisdiction over Meiji county and Pingding County; Shangjun county has jurisdiction over the south of today's Yijinhuoluo banner and the area of Wushen Banner; it has jurisdiction over Yulin County and Sheyan county.

In the first year of Jianning (168) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Liu Hong, the Lingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ascended the throne, due to the impact of the peasant uprising, the Eastern Han Dynasty could not maintain its rule over the whole country. In 188, the southern Xiongnu got rid of the jurisdiction of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ordos was opened as a nomadic area by the northern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, Qiang and other ethnic minorities.

Northern Dynasties

In the second year of Zhaoguang's reign in the Han Dynasty (319), later Zhao established Shuozhou in the north of Hangjin Banner.

In 407, the first year of the rise of Xia state, heliansheng established the great Xia state on the Salawusu River in the south of today's Wushen Banner. It was called Tongwancheng in history, and its ruins can be seen today.

In the second year of Shiguang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (425), six towns were set up along the northern border of Yimeng, including Woye, huaishuo, fuming, rouxuan, Huaihuang and Wuchuan. Shuozhou was established along the Yellow River in today's Zhungeer banner, and Xi'an county was established in today's Etuokeqian banner. With Tongwan town as the center, xiazhou governs Huazheng County, which governs Gerong county and Yanlu County; Xibu governs Shanlu county and Xinlu County; Jinming County governs Yongfeng County, Qining county and guangluo County; Daiming County governs Huji county and qusou County; Lingzhou governs the area of today's Etuokeqian banner; Daxing County of Yanzhou governs the southern area of today's Etuokeqian banner; Wuyuan County governs Chengchuan area of today's Etuokeqian banner Woye town and yueba town in Shangjun of Dongxia Prefecture govern the western area of today's Etuokeqian banner.

In the sixth year of Zhengguang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (525), Shuozhou was cut off and its territory in today's Ordos was classified as Bingzhou.

In 534, xiazhou was established in the south of Ordos.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

In 589, Yulin County, Yulin County, Fuchang county and Quanhe county were set up in Zhungeer banner, Dalate Banner and Dongsheng District; Shuofang County, Yanlu County, ningshuo County, Dejing county and CHANGZE county were set up in the adjacent area of Wushen Banner and Etuoke Banner; Wuyuan County was set up in the border of Dalate Banner and Hangjin Banner; and Wuyuan County was set up in 585 Fengzhou is set up here, which governs Jiuyuan County, Yongfeng County, Anhua County and Datong City; Lingwu county is set up along the Yellow River in today's Etuoke Banner and Etuokeqian banner, which governs Beiyuan County, Lingwu County, huile County, Hongjing county and Fengan County; Yanchuan County is set up in today's Etuoke banner and Etuokeqian banner, which governs Wuyuan County.

After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty in 672 (the third year of Xianheng of the Tang Dynasty) put the present Ordos area under the jurisdiction of guanneidao, established Shengzhou in the east of today's Jungar banner and Dongsheng District, and governed Yulin County and Hebin County; established xiazhou in the south of today's Yijinhuoluo banner and Wushen Banner, and governed Yanlu County, Dejing County, ningshuo county and CHANGZE County; established Youzhou in today's Etuoke Banner and Etuokeqian banner, Yanen County, Guiren County, Huaide county and CHANGZE county are under its jurisdiction; Yanzhou county and Wuyuan County are set up in the south of Etuokeqian banner; Lingzhou county and Huaiyuan County are set up in the west of Etuokeqian banner; Fengzhou county and Jiuyuan county and Yongfeng county are set up in the north of Hangjin Banner.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

In the first year of liaoshence (916), the Liao Dynasty set up Zhenwu army in the east of today's Jungar banner, Dalate Banner, Dongsheng District and Yijinhuoluo banner, and abandoned Shengzhou.

In the fourth year of Tianxian of Liao Dynasty (929), in the north of today's Dalate Banner and Zhungeer banner, the southwest recruitment department (Zhitian German Army) was set up, under the jurisdiction of Fumin County and Zhenwu county

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu E Er Duo Si Shi