Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

Zhengzhou, referred to as "Zheng", is the capital of Henan Province, a mega city and the core city of Central Plains urban agglomeration. It is an important central city in Central China and an important national comprehensive transportation hub approved by the State Council. As of 2019, the city has six districts, one county and five county-level cities under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 7446 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 1035.2 The urbanization rate was 74.6%. In 2020, the gross regional product will be 1 200.3 billion yuan.

Zhengzhou is located in Central China, the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the hinterland of the Central Plains and the north of central Henan. It is located in the transition zone between the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the northeast wing of Funiu Mountains to the Huang Huai plain. It is high in the West, low in the East, high in the middle, low in the northeast or low in the southeast. It has a continental monsoon climate in the north temperate zone with four distinct seasons.

Zhengzhou is the base of Zhengzhou joint logistics support center of joint logistics support force. It is an important hub city of railway, aviation, electric power, post and telecommunications in China. It has the largest freight car marshalling station in Asia. Zhengzhou airport is the only National Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone in China. Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange is the first futures exchange in China, and Zhengzhou is also the core part of China (Henan) pilot free trade zone. In January 2017, the national development and Reform Commission replied to support the construction of Zhengzhou as a national central city.

Zhengzhou is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization, a national historical and cultural city, one of the six major sites supported by the state, and a member of the world historical cities alliance. Zhengzhou has been the capital for five times in history, with nearly 10000 immovable cultural relics, including 2 world cultural heritages, 74 national key cultural relics protection units and 80 items.

Five thousand years ago, Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of Chinese culture, was born and built his capital in Zhengzhou.

In ancient times, Zhengzhou belonged to Yuzhou, one of the nine states.

In the early Xia Dynasty, Emperor Shun established the capital of Yu in Yangcheng (now the site of Wangchenggang in Dengfeng) and established the Xia Dynasty as Xia Bo. In the later Xia Dynasty, the capital was moved to Yangzhai (now Xuchang Yuzhou). When Emperor Shun was in power for 33 years, he abdicated the throne of emperor to Yu. Seventeen years later, Shun died in the southern tour. After three years of mourning, Yu stayed in Yangcheng and gave up the throne to shun's son Shangjun. It is said that all the princes in the world left Shang and went to court to see King Yu. Under the support of the princes, Yu officially became the throne, and his name was Xia.

3600 years ago, the Shang Dynasty, the second slavery Dynasty in China, established its capital here as the founding capital of the country - bodu. Today, there are still 7 kilometers of Shang Dynasty city wall ruins in the central city. The second brother of Zhongding, wairen, still built his capital here. The third brother of Zhongding, Hejia, moved his capital to Xiang (now Anyang).

After the annihilation of Yin in the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou granted his brother and uncle Xianfeng to Guan (now Zhengzhou City) and established the governing state. At that time, in addition to governing other countries, there were Ying State, Dongguo state, Jiguo state, MI state and so on. After the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Ping moved to Luoyang for the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. At this time, however, the emperor of Zhou had already died in name, which was replaced by the rise of the princes, the competition for hegemony and the annexation of each other, while Xinzheng rose as an important capital in "troubled times" and began to become the political center of Zhengzhou. In the early spring and Autumn period, the state of Zheng moved eastward, and its capital was in Xinzheng (now the ruins of the old city of Zheng and Han). The state was powerful and had a prominent position in various vassal states. In the second year of Han AI Hou (375 BC), South Korea destroyed the state of Zheng and moved its capital from Yangzhai to Xinzheng (now the ruins of the ancient city of Zheng and Han). It was not until the state of Qin destroyed Korea in 230 BC that Xinzheng became both Zheng and Korea for more than 500 years.

In the first year of emperor Zhuangxiang of Qin Dynasty (249 BC), the Qin army invaded South Korea. Sanchuan Prefecture ruled Luoyang and soon moved to Xingyang. The city of Zhengzhou was under the jurisdiction of Jing County of Xingyang. In the 17th year of the reign of the king of Qin (230 BC), the Qin Dynasty set up Yingchuan County, under which there were 10 counties, including Xinzheng, Yuanling (now northeast of Xinzheng City) and Yangcheng (now Gaocheng town of Dengfeng City).

In the second year of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), after Liu Bang occupied Luoyang, he changed Sanchuan County into Henan county. In the county, MI, Chenggao (now Sishui town of Xingyang city), Gushi (now 15 kilometers north of Zhengzhou City), Zhongmou and other counties were newly established, and Xinzheng and Yuanling counties were included in Henan county. In the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Chonggao county and later Lunshi county (now Yingyang Town, Dengfeng City) in Songshan mountain. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, He'nan county was changed to He'nan Yin, and Gaoli county was merged into Yangcheng County. Today, the Guanyi in Zhengzhou city belongs to the ancient city and county where yanzechi was granted the title of marquis state by Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty. In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (112BC), the Marquis state was abolished and the Guanyi was assigned to Zhongmou county. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the name of "Guanyi" was gradually replaced by "Guancheng", which belonged to Zhongmou county.

During the period of Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, there were constant wars in Zhengzhou area, and the administrative structure of Zhengzhou area changed greatly. In addition, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the two-level system of prefecture and county was changed to the three-level system of Prefecture, county and county, which made the structure change more complicated. In 220 years ago, Wei divided the jurisdiction into 13 states, with counties under the jurisdiction of States and counties under the jurisdiction of counties. Henan County, where Zhengzhou is located, belongs to Sizhou. After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, shile, a Jieren, occupied the Central Plains. Over the next 200 years, the regime changed frequently and the war continued unabated. Zhengzhou area is under the jurisdiction of Zhao, ran Wei, Qian Yan, Qian Qin, Hou Qin, Bei Wei, Dong Wei, Bei Qi and Bei Zhou. Xingyang City, which is the key area of Zhengzhou, has been seriously damaged and gradually withered. After the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north, it set up Northern Yuzhou and governed Wulao (now Sishui Town, Xingyang city). In 493 ad, it moved Mengjiu county (now guxing Town, Huiji District) to dasuocheng (now the old town of Xingyang city). At that time, northern Yuzhou had jurisdiction over Xingyang County, Henan county and Yangcheng County. In the first year of Tianping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (534), Guangwu, Xingyang and Chenggao counties were set up in northern Yuzhou. The three counties had jurisdiction over 11 counties, including Xingyang, Chenggao and Beijing. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, the northern Yuzhou was changed into Xingzhou, and the prefecture became Gao. During this period, Guancheng (today's Guancheng District of Zhengzhou City) has been subordinate to Zhongmou county.

Yang Jian established the Sui Dynasty in 581 ad, ending the long-term separatist situation. In the third year of kaihuang (583), Yingzhou was renamed as Zhengzhou. As a first-class administrative region, Zhengzhou began to be used to refer to today's Zhengzhou area (in 549 ad, Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty renamed Yingzhou as Zhengzhou, which was the earliest Zhengzhou, but its governance was in Yingyin County (now Weidu District of Xuchang City); in the 16th year of kaihuang (596 AD), Zhengzhou was changed into Guanzhou in Sui Dynasty, and its governance became its own Gao moved to Guancheng, and Guancheng was separated from Zhongmou as a county. Therefore, the 16th year of kaihuang (596) can be regarded as the beginning of the period when Guancheng was the political center of Zhengzhou. In 606, Guanzhou was renamed Zhengzhou.

In the fourth year of Wude (621) of Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin went to Wulao and Pingwang Shichong. He divided Zhengzhou into two parts, belonging to Duji Dao. Five counties, such as Mi County and Xingyang County, were assigned to Zhengzhou and Wulao was governed by Zhou. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Guanzhou and Xushui county were abandoned, and the county returned to Zhengzhou. In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633), "Zhengzhou Institute was transferred to Guancheng county from Wulao". From then on, Zhengzhou Institute was set up in Guancheng County until the early Ming Dynasty.

During the Five Dynasties, Zhengzhou governed seven counties, including Guancheng, Xinzheng and Xingyang. In the Later Liang Dynasty, Yangwu was assigned to Kaifeng Prefecture, and in the later Jin Dynasty, Zhongmou was assigned to Kaifeng Prefecture. Guancheng, as the political center of Zhengzhou, reached its economic peak after the Kaiyuan year of Tang Dynasty (713-741).

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhengzhou belonged to Jingji road. In 1038, Caozhou, Chenzhou, Xuzhou, Zhengzhou and Huazhou under the jurisdiction of Jingji road were designated as auxiliary counties. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), the system of Zhengzhou was abolished in the Song Dynasty, and "Guancheng and Xinzheng were under the jurisdiction of Kaifeng Prefecture, and Xingyang and Xingze counties were under the jurisdiction of Guancheng.". In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Zhengzhou was reestablished, under the jurisdiction of Guancheng, Xinzheng, Xingyang, Xingze and Yuanwu counties. In the fourth year of Chongning (1105), Kaifeng Prefecture was changed to Jingji Road, and four auxiliary counties were set on all sides of the capital, and Zhengzhou was Xifu. Since then, Zhengzhou, as one of the four auxiliary counties in Song Dynasty, was in an important position, and "Xifu" once became another name of Zhengzhou. In 1127, the Northern Song Dynasty perished and the state of Jin occupied the Central Plains. Xinzheng County under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou was assigned to Junzhou, and Sishui County of Mengzhou was assigned to Zhengzhou. Zhengzhou was subordinate to Nanjing Road.

In the early Yuan Dynasty, Xinzheng County was assigned to Zhengzhou, which belonged to Bianliang road. In 1265, Xinzheng and Mi counties were transferred to Junzhou, and Xingze and Yuanwu were transferred to Kaifeng Prefecture. Zhengzhou only leads Guancheng, Xingyang, Sishui and Heyin.

In the Ming Dynasty, the local construction was reformed. The three-level system of province, government (Zhili prefecture) and county was implemented. Guancheng county was cut into Zhengzhou. At that time, although Zhengzhou still had four counties of Xingyang, Xingze, Heyin and Sishui, it was a prefecture (county level). With Zhongmou, Xinzheng, Mi County are under the same Kaifeng Prefecture.

In the Qing Dynasty, the system of province, government (Zhili prefecture) and county was implemented. Zhengzhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture twice in the Qing Dynasty. The first time is in the second year of Yongzheng (1724) was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, directly under the Henan Province, Yongzheng 12 years (1734) is still under the Kaifeng Prefecture. The second time was in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903) was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, until 1913 to county. In 1911, after the revolution of 1911, the administrative region of Henan Province was divided into 4 Daos, 9 prefectures, 1 Zhili hall, 5 Zhili prefectures, 5 Sanzhou and 106 counties. Zhengzhou Zhili Prefecture belongs to Kaigui Chen Xudao.

In February of the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government and Zhili hall, Zhili Prefecture, santing and Sanzhou were all changed into counties. Zhili Prefecture of Zhengzhou was changed into Zheng county, and Chen Xudao was changed into Yudong Dao. In June 1914, Yudong road was renamed Kaifeng Road. In April 1922, Zheng county was founded

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Zheng Zhou Shi