Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture belongs to Sichuan Province, which is located in the west of Sichuan Province and the southeast of kangzang plateau, with a total area of 153000 square kilometers. It is a prefecture level administrative region with Tibetans as the main ethnic group. It has jurisdiction over 1 county-level city, 17 counties, 289 townships / towns (including 2 Street offices, 110 towns and 177 townships) and 2181 administrative villages in Kangding. The terrain of the prefecture is very complicated In the whole country, it belongs to the transition zone between Sichuan Basin and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, and mainly belongs to the climate of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. With the height difference, it presents obvious vertical distribution posture, which is characterized by low temperature, long winter, less precipitation and sufficient sunshine. By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population will be 1.199 million.

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, commonly known as Kangba region or Kangba region, is the main body and hinterland of Kangba, the second largest Tibetan region in China. After the founding of new China, it is a region level autonomous region. Kangding, the capital of the prefecture, is a famous plateau city with a long history and the political, economic and cultural center of the prefecture. Ganzi area is a multi-ethnic area mainly inhabited by Tibetans. It has the characteristics of large mixed living and small concentrated living. Its folk customs are simple and unique. The main specialties are hot pepper in Batang South District, Daocheng Tibetan Pig, Derong pepper, Jiulong pepper, Kangding Yuangen, Luhuo snow Russian tea, Luding red cherry, Xiangcheng Tibetan chicken, Xiangcheng Tibetan egg, etc.

Historical evolution

In ancient times, there were primitive human beings working, living and reproducing here in Ganzi Prefecture.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, kangdong was in contact with the central government.

In the Sui Dynasty, the tribes of Qiang people who migrated to the territory were successively attached to the Sui Dynasty.

Jimi Prefecture was established in Tang Dynasty.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the chieftain system was carried out in the prefecture, and local leaders were appointed as officials.

In 1939, Xikang was established as a province with its capital in Kangding.

On December 9, 1949, Xikang was peacefully liberated.

On November 24, 1950, Xikang Tibetan Autonomous Region was established.

In October 1951, ba'an county was renamed Batang County, Zhanhua County Xinlong County, Lihua County Litang County and Dingxiang County Xiangcheng County.

In March 1955, Xikang Tibetan Autonomous Region was changed to Xikang Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and on October 1 of the same year, it was renamed Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, with jurisdiction over 21 counties. In 1955, Xikang Tibetan Autonomous Region was abolished and Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province was established. Kangding was designated as the prefecture capital.

On January 1, 1979, the establishment of Yidun, qianning and Dengke counties was abolished, with 18 counties under its jurisdiction.

In 2015, with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to abolish Kangding County and establish a county-level Kangding City, with the former administrative region of Kangding County as the administrative region of Kangding city. Kangding Municipal People's government is located at No.1 Chama Road, Lucheng town. Kangding city is under the jurisdiction of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has 18 county-level administrative divisions (county-level city 1, county 17) and 290 township level administrative divisions (Street 2, town 110, township 178). It covers an area of 152629 square kilometers and has a population of 1.11 million. The people's Government of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located at No.9 Guangming Road, Kangding city.

geographical environment

Location context

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the west of Sichuan Province and the southeast edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is located between 27 ° 58 ′ - 34 ° 20 ′ N and 97 ° 22 ′ - 102 ° 29 ′ e, connecting ABA and Ya'an in Sichuan Province in the East, Liangshan in Sichuan Province and Diqing in Yunnan Province in the south, facing Changdu in Tibet across Jinsha River in the west, ABA in Sichuan Province, Yushu in Qinghai Province and Guoluo in the north. It is about 663 km long in North and 490 km wide in East and West . The total area of the prefecture is 153000 square kilometers, accounting for 31.76% of the total area of the province.

topographic features

The terrain of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture belongs to the transition zone between Sichuan Basin and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. In the north, it is a hilly plateau in Northwest Sichuan. In the south, it is a high Gorge (deep) valley area of Hengduan Mountains. In the East, it is adjacent to the western mountain area of Sichuan Basin. It has high terrain, high in the north and low in the south, protruding in the middle, deep in the southeast, parallel mountains and rivers, developed modern glaciers, and poor geographical distribution The difference is significant. The landform of Quanzhou shows the appearance of Plateau and hilly plateau in the farthest place from the main stream. The place where the main stream flows through forms a high mountain gorge, and between them is a transitional landform.

The territory of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is mainly composed of Hengduan Mountains, including two major Mountains: Shaluli mountain and Daxueshan mountain. Among them, there are five mountains above 6000 meters above sea level, and more than 200 peaks above 5000 meters above sea level. The mountain area reaches 120000 square kilometers, accounting for 78.4% of the total area of the prefecture. Shaluli mountain range is located in the western part of the prefecture, which is the watershed between Jinsha River and Yalong River. The mountains stretch for more than 500 kilometers, and the elevation of the ridges is more than 5500 meters. Among them, the elevation of degqer mountain is 6168 meters, and that of Litang mountain is 6204 meters (the second highest peak in the prefecture). Located in the eastern part of the prefecture, Daxue mountain is the watershed between Yalong River and Dadu River. The mountains stretch for more than 300 kilometers, and the elevation of the ridges is about 5000 meters. Among them, the main peak of Gongga Mountain is 7556 meters above sea level, and there are 39 Weifeng mountains with an elevation of more than 6000 meters around.

climate

The climate of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture mainly belongs to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which shows obvious vertical distribution with altitude difference. It is characterized by low temperature, long winter, less precipitation and sufficient sunshine. The economy of this area is characterized by regional distribution. Ganzi Prefecture is located in a subtropical climate zone, but due to the strong uplift of the terrain, complex terrain, deep inland, most of the region has lost the characteristics of subtropical climate, forming a continental plateau mountain monsoon climate, complex and diverse, with significant regional differences. With the increase of latitude from south to north, the temperature gradually decreases. Within the six latitudes, the average annual temperature difference is more than 17 ℃. The average temperature of the whole Prefecture is 0.6 ℃ ~ 16.3 ℃. Compared with the average temperature of the same period in recent 30 years, Luding, Yajiang and Xiangcheng are normal, while other counties are higher by 0.6 ℃ ~ 1.8 ℃. The annual total precipitation is 417.8-935.8 mm.

hydrology

The rivers in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture mainly originate from the mountains, hills and valleys on the original surface of Bayankala mountain. The main rivers are Jinsha River, Yalong River and Dadu River. The two rivers and one river are parallel from west to East and north to south, with many tributaries. The main stream of Jinsha River is more than 650 kilometers long, with an annual runoff of about 17.2 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of about 40000 square kilometers. It flows through Shiqu, dege, Baiyu, Batang, Derong and other counties and enters Yunnan. The main stream of Yalong River is more than 850 kilometers long, with an annual runoff of about 31.62 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of about 90000 square kilometers. It flows through Shiqu, Ganzi, Xinlong, Litang, Yajiang, Kangding, Jiulong and other cities and counties and enters Yunnan Liangshan, Sichuan; Dadu River is 239.2 kilometers long, with annual runoff of 15.38 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of 20000 square kilometers. It flows through Seda, Danba, Kangding, Luding and other cities and counties to Ya'an, Sichuan. There are 2471 natural lakes, more than 200 glaciers and 200 square kilometers of water area.

natural resources

water resource

Water resources in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture include precipitation, alpine ice and snow, lake water, transit water and groundwater, with a total amount of 139.783 billion cubic meters, including 117.983 billion cubic meters of surface water resources, 21.8 billion cubic meters of groundwater resources, 88.18 billion cubic meters of available water resources, and 106000 cubic meters per capita. Jinsha River, Yalong River and Dadu River are three main tributaries in the territory. The theoretical reserves of hydropower resources are more than 50 million kilowatts, and the technological development capacity is more than 41.3 million kilowatts.

plant resources

There are many kinds of plants and animals in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The main crops are corn, wheat, highland barley, beans and potatoes. There are more than 20 kinds of fruit trees such as apple, pomegranate and chestnut, more than 10 kinds of economic trees such as Zanthoxylum bungeanum, tea, tung oil tree and Eucommia ulmoides, as well as wild crops such as seabuckthorn, Begonia, wild grape and hickory. There are 9.4667 million hectares of grassland in the prefecture, including 8.2667 million hectares of usable grassland, which is an important part of pastoral areas in Northwest Sichuan. There are 1581 species of medicinal plants (more than 500 species of Tibetan medicinal plants), accounting for 40% of the known species in Sichuan Province. There are 824 species of specimens collected and identified. There are 43 species of wild medicinal materials under state key protection, 26 species of wild medicinal materials, 44 species of commonly used precious and large-scale Chinese and Tibetan medicinal materials (Sichuan scallop, snow lotus, Cordyceps, Hongjingtian, etc.), and more than 200 kinds of medicinal plants purchased throughout the year, which is the fourth largest It is one of the important medicinal materials producing areas in Sichuan. Other wild plant resources in the territory include edible mushrooms, Auricularia auricula, Pteridium aquilinum, wild onion, etc., mainly edible fungi, with more than 330 species.

Animal resources

There are 491 species of wild animals in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, including 19 species of national first-class protected animals (giant panda, Sichuan golden monkey, clouded leopard, leopard, snow leopard, etc.) and 69 species of national second-class protected animals.

mineral resources

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has many kinds of non-ferrous metals and precious metals with large reserves. 74 kinds of minerals have been found, and 41 kinds of minerals have been proved. Among them, lithium, tantalum, beryllium, niobium, nickel and platinum account for more than 50% of the province's total resources. The territory is rich in geothermal water resources, with exposure points all over the prefecture and counties. 249 hot springs have been found, accounting for more than 2 / 3 of the province's total hot springs It is characterized by large reserves, high geothermal water temperature, shallow burial and easy development. The surface water temperature of Quanzhou hot spring is generally between 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, and the highest water temperature is 100 ℃. It shows travertine or travertine, which has the advantage of bathing

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng Gan Zi Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou