Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, with its capital in Yanji, is one of the nine prefecture level administrative regions in Jilin Province. Yanbian Prefecture is located in the east of Jilin Province, Northeast China, on the border of China and North Korea. The whole terrain is high in the West and low in the East. It slopes southeast from the southwest, northwest and northeast. It is located in the middle temperate zone of the northern hemisphere and belongs to the humid monsoon climate of the middle temperate zone. With a total area of 43300 square kilometers, the prefecture governs 6 cities and 2 counties, with a population of 2.0866 million in 2018.

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture has 11 ports to North Korea and Russia, accounting for more than 90% of the cargo volume of Jilin Province; there is an international airport, with direct routes to the first tier cities of "Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen" and countries around the sea of Japan; Tumen River is the only water channel for China's inland access to the sea of Japan. Yanbian is the only Korean Autonomous Prefecture and the largest Korean inhabited area in China, where 42.3% of the Chinese Korean population live. At the same time, it is one of the three prefecture level administrative regions that enjoy relevant policies. Yanbian is the birthplace of Manchu and their ancestors Sushen people, and the "land of Longxing" in Qing Dynasty.

In 2018, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture will achieve a GDP of 70.95 billion yuan. In terms of industry, the first industry is 5.173 billion yuan; the second industry is 20.315 billion yuan; and the third industry is 45.462 billion yuan. The per capita GDP is 33883 yuan.

Historical evolution

Ancient times

According to the carbon 14 determination of mammoth, rhinoceros and other animal fossils unearthed from the "Antu man" cave accumulation, it is proved that human beings lived and multiplied in Yanbian area as early as in ancient times.

Yanbian has a long history. According to the unearthed cultural relics of the Neolithic age and historical records 2000 years ago, as early as the Neolithic age, the Sushen people of China flourished on this land (Zuozhuan, in the ninth year of Zhaogong in Zuozhuan, Zhan Huanbo, envoy of King Jing of Zhou, said in Jin Dynasty: "King Wu conquered Shang, Sushen, Yanbo, Wubei Tuye", that is, Yanbian was the birthplace of Sushen people.

In the Han Dynasty, Yanbian was under the jurisdiction of xuantu County, which was one of the four counties in the Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Yanbian was once under the jurisdiction of antongdu Hufu, and later under the jurisdiction of Bohai state established by Su Mo Pei, a descendant of Sushen. During the yuan and Ming Dynasties, Yanbian area successively belonged to Kaiyuan Road, Liaoyang Province, nurgandu, buerhatu and other guard stations.

In 1714, the Qing government set up the Hunchun assistant leader, under which there were 15 Kalun (sentries), subordinate to the Deputy capital of ningguta. In the following year, it began to build the Xieling Yamen in the north of hundunshui (that is, Hunchun River), and began to build the city.

Modern times

In the ninth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1859), Hunchun Xieling was promoted to vice capital Tongling. Guangxu seven years (1881), the addition of Hunchun vice governor, the majority of Yanbian under the jurisdiction. Yiketang'a, the first deputy capital, continued to build a city in Hunchun. It was first built in the east of Jinghe street in today's Hunchun City, commonly known as the old city. In the same year, Jilin border affairs supervision office and Hunchun Reclamation Bureau were set up to open wasteland reclamation. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Hunchun hall was set up, which governs the land to the east of Mijiang river. The southeast road of Jilin Province is set up to prepare the road for patrolling soldiers, and the Huichun hall is set up to make the people know the Yamen and Daotai Yamen in the same city. In 1902, the Qing government set up Yanji hall in Juzi street. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese imperialists occupied Korea. Japan took Korea as a springboard and frequently carried out aggressive activities in Yanbian area of China.

In 1907, in the name of "protecting the Korean people", Japanese imperialism sent troops to invade the town under the jurisdiction of yanjiting, Longjing, where the Korean people are concentrated, and set up the "time Island police station of Korean government" to carry out espionage activities.

On September 4, 1909, the first year of Xuantong reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government and Japan signed the "Sino Korean boundary terms", reiterating that the Tumen River is the traditional border between China and Korea. The Qing government agreed to open Longjing Village, and four commercial ports including Juzi street, Toudaogou, baicaogou, etc. The Korean people in Yanji are under the local administration of China. Two months after the signing of the treaty, Japan withdrew from the police station of the Ministry of unification and supervision and its civil and military personnel, and set up a Japanese Consulate in the above-mentioned commercial port. Afterwards, in order to strengthen the management of Yanbian area, the Qing government upgraded the Yanji hall in Juzi street to "Yanji mansion".

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Yanji Prefecture was changed to Yanji County, still in Juzi street.

On September 18, 1931, the Japanese imperialists launched a war of aggression against Northeast China. From then on, Northeast China fell into the period of Japanese puppet rule. During the period of northeast occupation, Yanji city was called "Jiandao city" and became the capital of the puppet Jiandao province.

On August 18, 1945, the Red Army of the Soviet Union and the Yanbian detachment of the Northeast Anti Japanese United Army entered Yanji. The military and political organs of the puppet "Jiandao province" collapsed and Yanbian was liberated. On August 20, the "inter Island interim government" was formed. In late September, the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set up the administrative committee of Jihe District, which governs five regions including Yanbian, and each region has its own office of administrative inspector. Yanbian Prefecture governs Yanji, Hunchun, Dunhua, Helong, Wangqing, Antu and EMU counties. On November 20, the "Jiandao interim government" was changed into Yanbian district administrative inspector office, which is subordinate to Jilin provincial government. The office is located in Longjing and governs Yanji, Hunchun, Helong, Wangqing, Antu and EMU counties. The original "Jiandao city" is changed to Yanji County, which governs Yanji city.

On January 23, 1946, the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to merge Jilin Province and Northern Liaoning Province (part) to establish Jilin Liaoning Province, which has four sub provinces. Yanbian area will be changed into Jidong province. In Yanji street, it has jurisdiction over Dunhua and Jiaohe counties. In May, after the Jilin Liaoning military region withdrew from Changchun and Jilin, the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee abolished the Jilin Liaoning provincial Party committee and established the Jilin provincial Party committee and Jilin provincial government. In August, the Jilin provincial government moved to Yanji with the troops. Soon after, Jilin provincial government and Yanbian District Office merged. On July 11, four provinces were abolished. On July 13, the administrative region of Jilin Province was divided into three special areas, and Yanbian was merged into Jidong special area. Jidong district office is located in Yanji, which has jurisdiction over Yanji, Hunchun, Helong, Wangqing, Dunhua, EMU, Jiaohe and Antu counties.

On February 15, 1947, Jilin provincial government issued No. 8 instruction, which divided Jidong special area into Yanji, Hunchun, Helong and Wangqing counties, and established Yanbian special area. April 1. We will change the Jilin East special zone into the Jilin town special zone. On September 25, the CPC Jilin Provincial Committee decided to abolish the two special zones of Jidun and Yanbian, and then form the Jidong special zone. The office of the Commissioner is located in Dunhua County, with jurisdiction over Yanji, Hunchun, Helong, Wangqing, Antu, Dunhua, EMU and Jiaohe counties.

After liberation

On March 9, 1948, Jilin city was liberated. On March 10, the CPC Jilin Provincial Committee and Jilin provincial government moved from Yanji street to Jilin City. In the same month, Jilin provincial government decided to abolish Ermu county and merge the area under the jurisdiction of Ermu County into Dunhua county. On March 27, with the approval of northeast administrative committee, Jilin provincial government decided to change Jidong special zone into Yanbian special zone. The office of the High Commissioner is located in Yanji and has jurisdiction over seven counties, namely Yanji, Hunchun, Helong, Wangqing, Antu, Dunhua and Jiaohe. On June 22, the Jilin provincial government, on the order of the Northeast administrative committee, put Dunhua and Jiaohe counties under the jurisdiction of Yanbian special region under the direct jurisdiction of the province. After the adjustment, Yanbian district has jurisdiction over five counties. In July, with the approval of northeast administrative committee, Jilin provincial government decided to set Yanji, Tumen and Longjing towns as district level cities (cities under county jurisdiction).

On September 3, 1952, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region was established.

On May 4, 1953, the first people's Congress of all ethnic groups in Yanbian was held. Yanji City (county level) shall be established, and Its Administrative Region shall be divided from Yanji County into Yanji city. The newly established Yanji city is still under the jurisdiction of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region.

On August 30, 1955, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region was abolished and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was established. On December 20, the second session of the first people's Congress of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was held, and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was officially established. The people's Committee of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is located in Yanji city.

On August 18, 1968, the people's Committee of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was abolished and the Revolutionary Committee of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was established.

In February 1980, the Revolutionary Committee of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was abolished and the people's Government of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was established.

administrative division

Division evolution

In December 1955, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture governed one city: Yanji City; five counties: Yanji County, Hunchun County, Helong County, Wangqing County, Antu County. In the spring of 1956, according to the instructions of the State Council, the districts were withdrawn and the townships were merged. Under one city and five counties in Yanbian, 124 townships and 11 towns were set up.

September 1958. In Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, 78 rural people's communes have been established.

On October 23, 1958, Dunhua county directly under the provincial government was put under the jurisdiction of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. On March 27, 1965, Tumen City (county level) was established, with Tumen town of Yanji county and Shixian town of Wangqing County as the administrative region of Tumen City. The newly established Tumen City is under the jurisdiction of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.

On April 7, 1983, Yanji county was renamed Longjing county. The county government is located in Longjing town.

On February 28, 1985, Dunhua county was abolished and Dunhua City (county level) was established. The former administrative region of Dunhua county was taken as the administrative region of Dunhua City, and the newly established Dunhua City was still under the jurisdiction of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.

On June 14, 1988, with the approval of the State Council, Hunchun county and Longjing county were abolished and Hunchun city (county level) and Longjing City (county level) were established. Take the original administrative region as an example

Chinese PinYin : Ji Lin Sheng Yan Bian Chao Xian Zu Zi Zhi Zhou