Linzhi City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Linzhi, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Tibet Autonomous Region, was called Gongbu in ancient times. It is located in the southeast of Tibet, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Its west and southwest are respectively connected with Lhasa city and Shannan city. Its west is connected with Jiali County of Naqu City, and its east is connected with Changdu city. Its south part is adjacent to southern Tibet (occupied by India) and Myanmar. It is known as the south of Tibet. There are the deepest canyon in the world - Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon and the third deepest canyon in the world, PALONG Zangbo Grand Canyon.

Linzhi has beautiful scenery. Many areas are known as "Jiangnan of Tibet". There are Peach Blossom Festival in Linzhi and rich and colorful Nanyi valley. There are also Motuo County and Chayu County, which are known as Xishuangbanna, Tibet.

The average altitude of Linzhi is 3100 meters, covering an area of 117000 square kilometers, and the actual control area is 76000 square kilometers. As of 2016, the total population of Linzhi city is 231000.. In 2018, Linzhi's GDP reached 15 billion yuan, up 11% year on year.

Historical evolution

Nyingkhri or nyangkhri is a transliteration of nyingkhri, which means "the throne of the Niang family or the throne of the sun" in Tibetan. After liberation, the comrades of the surveying and mapping team wrote "Nichi" as "Linzhi" according to the characteristics of local products.

A number of Neolithic human remains and tombs have been found along the Niyang River. Archaeology shows that as early as 4000-5000 years ago, people in Linzhi Area were engaged in slash and burn farming and lived a relatively settled life. The net pendant and arrow in the unearthed cultural relics show that people here not only engaged in agriculture, but also engaged in fishery on the waterfront of the ancient Niyang River and the Yarlung Zangbo River.

Linzhi City

The earliest written record of Linzhi's history can be found in gongbudimu cliff inscriptions. The stone carving is located near guangjiu yongzhongzeng village, menri District, Bayi District, facing southwest. It has a history of more than 1200 years, and the handwriting is still clear. For many years thereafter, the king ruled the area.

During the Sakya period and the Pazhu period (13th-16th century), Linzhi city became the sphere of influence of the gama Gaju sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

In the 17th century, when Gandan pozhang regime was established, Linzhi city was enfeoffed as the territory of several local leaders, such as APEI, Jiangzhong and Jiala. Soon after that, it was divided into several clans, such as Zela, juemu, Xueka and Jiangda. In Bomi, however, it was ruled by karondeba, a chieftain, for a long time.

In 1931, the local government of Tibet divided Bomi area of Nyingchi into two sects: Bodui and Bomi.

In May 1951, Tibet was peacefully liberated. In 1959, the Central People's government exercised comprehensive and direct jurisdiction over Tibet and began to implement democratic reform. In January 1960, the office of tower engineering commissioner was established. In February of the same year, the office was set up in Linzhi county. The rasui River, guru langmujie River, jiachazong River, langzong River and Jindong River were classified as Shannan special area. Jiali sect, qingduo sect, Yigong sect and Quzong sect, which originally belonged to Changdu District, were included in Linzhi district. Linzhi county (in NICHI Village) was set up by the merger of demuzong West with juemuzong East and zelagang Northeast; Motuo County was set up by baimagui (including Jinzhu and luoduika); Milin county was set up by zelagang southwest; gongbuda county was set up by jiangdazong (in Jiangda village, namely Taizhao); Xueba County was set up by xuekazong and juemuzong West (in Xueba Village); Jiali county was set up by Jiali Zong; Jiangda county was set up by jiangdazong Qing duozong, Yigong Zong and Quzong merged and set up Bomi county (stationed in mu). The office of the Commissioner of Nyingchi governs seven counties, including Nyingchi, Motuo, gongbujiangda, Xueba, Bomi, Milin and Jiali. In October 1963, Linzhi special office was abolished. Bomi county was under the jurisdiction of Changdu special district, and Linzhi, gongbujiangda, Milin and Motuo counties were under the jurisdiction of Lhasa city. On February 1, 1986, the administrative office of Linzhi Prefecture was officially restored, with jurisdiction over seven counties, 55 townships and 614 administrative villages, including Linzhi County, Milin County, gongbujiangda County, Motuo County, Bomi County, Chayu county and Lang county. In March 2015, the State Council approved the abolition of Linzhi Prefecture and Linzhi county and the establishment of prefecture level Linzhi city; Linzhi city established Bayi District, with the former administrative region of Linzhi County as the administrative region of Bayi district; Linzhi City governs gongbujiangda County, Milin County, Motuo County, Bomi County, Chayu County, Lang county and the newly established Bayi district.

administrative division

As of March 2015, Linzhi city has jurisdiction over gongbujiangda County, Milin County, Motuo County, Bomi County, Chayu County, Lang county and Bayi district. Linzhi Municipal People's government is located at No. 18, Guangfu Avenue, Bayi district.

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geographical environment

Location context

Linzhi city is located between 26 ° 52 ′ - 30 ° 40 ′ N and 92 ° 09 ′ - 98 ° 47 ′ e, 646.7 km long from east to west, 353.2 km wide from north to south, about 1000 km long border line, covering an area of 117000 square kilometers, with actual control of 76000 square kilometers. Baimagang street, the center of the city, is 3000 meters above sea level, more than 400 kilometers away from Lhasa, the capital of the autonomous region.

Linzhi is connected with Yunnan Province and Changdu city in the East and northeast, Naqu city in the north, Lhasa city and Shannan city in the West and southwest, and southern Tibet (occupied by India) and Myanmar in the south, with a border of 1006.5 kilometers. It is adjacent to Changdu city and Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province in the East, Lhasa city and Shannan city in the west, Naqu city in the north and Myanmar state in the south.

climate

The Himalayas and nyainqentanglah Mountains extend parallel from west to East and connect with Hengduan Mountains in the East. The lower part of the southeast just opens a big gap towards the Indian Ocean. The warm current of the Indian Ocean and the cold current of the north along the river converge and stay in the eastern part of Nyainqentanglha mountains, resulting in a variety of climate zones with tropical, subtropical, temperate and frigid climates in Nyingchi. The warm currents of the two oceans penetrate into Linzhi all the year round, forming a special tropical humid and semi humid climate. The annual rainfall is about 650 mm, the average annual temperature is 8.7 ℃, the average annual sunshine is 2022.2 hours, and the frost free period is 180 days.

landforms

The average altitude of Nyingchi is about 3000 meters, and the lowest is in baxika, Motuo County, in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The altitude is 155 meters, which is lower than that of other parts of Tibet. It is the largest land vertical geomorphic drop in the world. Like two giant dragons, the Himalayas and Nyainqentanglha Mountains extend from west to East in parallel. "Namjagbarwa" is the white snow peak on the Dragon Ridge. It is 7782 meters above sea level, the highest snow peak in the southern Himalayas. It connects with Hengduan Mountains, forming a unique terrain surrounded by mountains.

hydrology

The Yarlung Zangbo River cuts through the Himalayas in its westbound course and passes between Namjagbarwa and galaberet. The world's highest River, the Yarlung Zangbo River, after galloping for more than 1000 kilometers, enters the Nyingchi region from Lang county. It is blocked by the Himalayas in Milin county and forced to flow northward. It makes a strange horseshoe shaped turn around Namjagbarwa peak and runs in Motuo County The largest canyon in the world, the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, is formed by pouring southward into the Indian Ocean through India. The average depth of the Grand Canyon is 5000 meters, and the deepest reaches 5382 meters. The length of this section of Canyon is more than 490 kilometers. The most dangerous part is located from daduka of paizhen to Bangbo of Motuo County, which is more than 240 kilometers. The upper part of the canyon is open, and the lower part is steep. The flow rate of the river is up to 16 m / s and the flow rate is up to 4425 m3 / s.

Palongzangbo: the water flow is huge, with palongzangbo Grand Canyon, the third Canyon in the world.

natural resources

Animal resources

There are eight kinds of wild animals in Linzhi, such as tiger, leopard, bear, antelope, roe deer, monkey and deer.

Medicinal resources

Linzhi is rich in Cordyceps, Fritillaria, gastrodia, Rhodiola, Codonopsis, Panax notoginseng, Saussurea, Tibetan ephedra, Ganoderma lucidum, rhubarb and more than 10 kinds of precious medicinal materials.

plant resources

The forest coverage rate of Linzhi city was 46.09%. As the third largest forest area in China, 80% of Tibet's forests are concentrated here. Linzhi has discovered and confirmed more than 3500 kinds. There are more than 120 kinds of edible fungi in Nyingchi, and the annual output of Tricholoma matsutake is more than 300 tons.

land resource

As of 2012, the area suitable for agriculture in Nyingchi is 450000 mu, including 280000 mu of cultivated land and 4364800 mu of grassland, including 788000 mu of usable grassland.

Water resources

Linzhi's water resources account for more than 70% of Tibet's total. The Yarlung Zangbo River power station, which is listed as the top ten super projects in the 21st century by the United Nations, has an installed capacity of more than 60 million kilowatts, three times that of the Three Gorges power station. The water area of Linzhi is 11.487 million mu, and the water resources reserve is about 82.25 million KW. The hydropower reserves are more than 82 million kilowatts, of which 33 million kilowatts can be developed and utilized.

Population nationality

Linzhi is a multi-ethnic city with Tibetans as the main body. In addition to Tibetans, there are also Menba, Luoba, Nu, Dulong, Lisu, Naxi, Bai and other ethnic groups. As of 2013, the total population is 195000, of which the Tibetan population accounts for more than 90% of the total population. According to statistics, the Tibetan population in Linzhi city is 122000, the Menba population is 7800, the Luoba population is 2800, the Wu population is 1500, and the other minority population is about 650.

As of 2016, the total population of Linzhi city was 231000.

Politics

territorial difference

In 1914, at the (India) Simla meeting, which was attended by China, Britain and Tibet, British representative Henry McMahon concocted a road with the connecting line of the Himalayan ridge watershed as the boundary

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu Lin Zhi Shi