Qingdao, Shandong Province

Qingdao, also known as Daocheng, Qindao and jiaoao, is a vice provincial city and a city under separate planning in Shandong Province. It is an important coastal central city, a coastal resort city and an international port city approved by the State Council. As of 2019, the city has seven districts and three county-level cities under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 11293 square kilometers. In 2019, the built-up area is 758.16 square kilometers, with a permanent resident population of 9.4998 million. Among them, there are 6.452 million permanent residents in urban areas and 1.61 million permanent immigrants.

City China is located in one belt, one Road East and the other in the Yellow Sea. It is located in the East China region of Qingdao, Southeast of Shandong Peninsula and east of China. It is the economic center of Shandong, the leading area of modern marine industry development, the international shipping hub of Northeast Asia and the base for sports activities in the Northeast Asia.

Qingdao is a famous historical and cultural city and the birthplace of Taoism in China. It's named for the variety of trees, which are evergreen all the year round. In 1891, under the garrison system of the Qing government, Qingdao was the host city of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 13th Paralympic Games, the sailing capital of China, the best Sailing City in Asia, the beer city of the world, the "film city" of the United Nations, the first batch of coastal open cities in China, the national civilized city, and the happiest city in China. It is known as "Oriental Switzerland" and the capital of Chinese brands. On September 2, 2020, it was rated as the national transit city construction demonstration city by the Ministry of transport.

Qingdao is an International Center for marine scientific research and education, with 26 universities including Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao Campus of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ocean University of China, and 29 universities including Tsinghua University and Peking University. There are many kinds of foreign buildings in Qingdao, which is known as the "World Architecture Expo". Badaguan building group won the title of "the most beautiful city in China".

Qingdao is named after the ancient fishing village Qingdao. The proper name of Qingdao "Qingdao" originally refers to a small island in Qianhai Bay of the urban area. It was named "Qingdao" because of its green trees and lush all the year round. Later, it was first recorded in Wang Shixing's guangzhiyi in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. In the seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1579), Xu Di, the magistrate of Jimo County, edited the local affairs discussion on coastal defense. The name of Qingdao is recorded as follows: "the southeast coast of this county, that is, the eastern boundary of China, is boundless, but the islands stand between them. The people who can live on the island are called Qing, Fu and Guan. " "Qing" here refers to Qingdao. The bay where Qingdao is located is named Qingdao Bay because of the island. A small river flowing into the sea is also called Qingdao river. Qingdao estuary was built in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, which is called Qingdao estuary. Two villages on both sides of the river were named shangqingdao village and xiaqingdao village respectively. A mountain at the head of the river source was also named Qingdao mountain in 1923.

In the Neolithic age, Qingdao was one of the main areas where the Dongyi people lived and flourished, leaving behind a rich and colorful Dawenkou Culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture,

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Qingdao was the birthplace of China's sea salt, ranking among the "four ancient salt areas" and "five ancient ports" in China.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Jimo, the second largest town in Shandong Province, was established in Qingdao.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, he made five tours of the world and three visits to Langya (in Huangdao District of Qingdao). According to records, Xu Fu's first ocean voyage to Korea and Japan started from Langya.

In his youth, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the king of Jiaodong in Buqi (Chengyang District). He was the emperor who traveled to Qingdao the most times in China.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Qingdao, as a "transit station" connecting the north and the south, became the most important transportation hub and trade port in the coastal areas of northern China. In the Song Dynasty, Banqiao Town (in Jiaozhou City) was set up as a "city shipping department" to manage foreign trade.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Jiaolai Canal, the only maritime River in China, was dug to facilitate the transportation of grain.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qingdao was an important coastal defense fortress in northern China, which belonged to Laizhou Prefecture of Shandong Province.

On June 14, 1891, the Qing government set up a defense in jiaoao, from which Qingdao was built. On November 14, 1897, the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Germany occupied Qingdao under the pretext of "Juye case", and Qingdao became a colony.

In 1914, the first World War broke out and Japan occupied Qingdao instead of Germany. In 1919, the May 4th Movement broke out in order to regain the sovereignty of Qingdao, which was the watershed of modern and contemporary Chinese history. On December 10, 1922, the Beiyang Government of China took back Qingdao and established it as a commercial port. In July 1929, the national government established Qingdao as a special city, which was renamed Qingdao in 1930. In January 1938, Japan occupied Qingdao again. In September 1945, the national government took over Qingdao as a special city.

On June 2, 1949, Qingdao became the last liberated city in North China and became a city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province.

administrative division

Division evolution

After the liberation of Qingdao in June 1949, the city was divided into seven districts: Shinan District, Shibei District, Taixi District, Taidong District, sicang District, Licun district and Fushan District.

In June 1951, the Laoshan Office of Jiaozhou district was transferred to the leadership of Qingdao city and renamed Laoshan suburban office.

In August 1951, the urban area was divided into six districts: Shinan, Shibei, Taidong, Taixi, Sifang and Cangkou.

In June 1953, Laoshan suburban office was renamed Laoshan suburban people's government.

In July 1954, Fushan District was abolished and divided into Shinan District, Sifang District, Laoxi district and Licun district.

In September 1958, Jimo County in Yantai area, Jiaonan county and Jiaonan County in Changwei area were under the jurisdiction of Qingdao city.

In May 1961, Jiaonan County, Jiaoxian county and Jimo county were designated.

In October 1961, the suburb of Laoshan was transformed into Laoshan county.

In December 1962, Taixi district was abolished and its jurisdiction was merged into Shinan District and shinbei district respectively.

In November 1978, Jiaonan County, Jiaoxian county and Jimo county were put under the jurisdiction of Qingdao city; Huangdao District of Qingdao city was newly established, and its jurisdiction included three communes, namely Huangdao, Xuejiadao and Xin'an, which were set out by Jiaonan county.

In October 1983, Pingdu County and Laixi county were under the jurisdiction of Qingdao city. So far, the city has been divided into six districts and six counties: Shinan District, Shibei District, Taidong District, Sifang District, Cangkou District, Huangdao District, Laoshan County, Jimo County, Jiao County, Jiaonan County, Laixi county and Pingdu County.

In February 1987, Jiaoxian county was abolished and Jiaozhou City was established.

In November 1988, Laoshan county was abolished and Laoshan District was established.

In July 1989, Pingdu County and Jimo county were abolished and Pingdu City and Jimo City were established.

In December 1990, Jiaonan county and Laixi county were abolished and Jiaonan City and Laixi City were established. So far, all the five counties under the jurisdiction of Qingdao have been set up as cities (county-level), becoming the first city cluster in China. The city is divided into seven districts and five cities: Shinan District, Shibei District, Taidong District, Sifang District, Cangkou District, Huangdao District, Laoshan District, Jiaozhou City, Jimo City, Pingdu City, Jiaonan City and Laixi City.

In May 1994, Taidong district and Cangkou district were removed, and a part of Laoshan District was established into Chengyang District and Licang District, forming seven districts and five cities: Shinan District, Shibei District, Sifang District, Licang District, Laoshan District, Huangdao District and Chengyang District. Some sub district offices of Shibei District and Sifang District were merged to establish a new Shibei District; some sub district offices of Laoshan District were merged to establish a new Laoshan District, some Chengyang District and some Cangkou district to establish Licang District; Taidong district was abolished and its administrative area was merged into Shibei District; two sub district offices of Wujia village and cuobuling in Sifang District and yangjiaqun, hemashi and jialinggou in Lichun town of Laoshan District were merged The area to the west of line 7 in qujiaanzi, qujiaanzi and Zhonghan town is classified as Shibei District; Cangkou district is abolished and Licang District is established. The eight sub district offices of the former Cangkou District, namely, siliu Middle Road, Zhenhua Road, xiaoweng village, siliu village, Yong'an Road, yingzi, banqiaofang and Loushanhou, and the area north of Loushan Township and zhangcunhe, Lichun Town, Laoshan District, are classified as Licang District.

In November 2012, Shibei District and Sifang District were abolished to establish a new Shibei District, with the former Shibei District and Sifang District as the new administrative region of Shibei District; Huangdao District and Jiaonan City were abolished to establish a new Huangdao District, with the former Huangdao District and Jiaonan City at the county level as the new administrative region of Huangdao District. After the adjustment, Qingdao has jurisdiction over six municipal districts and four county-level cities.

On June 9, 2014, Qingdao West Coast new area was established, covering all administrative areas of Huangdao District, Qingdao city.

On September 20, 2017, Jimo City was abolished and Jimo district was established, with the former administrative region of Jimo City as the administrative region of Jimo district.

Current situation of Regional Planning

As of March 2020, Qingdao has 7 municipal districts and 3 county-level cities. The municipal government is located at 11 Hong Kong Middle Road, Shinan District.

geographical environment

Location context

Qingdao is located in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula. It is 119 ° 30 ′～ 121 ° 00 ′ E and 35 ° 35 ′～ 37 ° 09 ′ n, bordering on the Yellow Sea in the East and south, Yantai in the northeast, Weifang in the West and Rizhao in the southwest. The total area of Qingdao is 11282 square kilometers.

Geological characteristics

Qingdao is located in the northeast margin of Jiaonan uplift and the south central part of Jiaolai sag, which is the secondary structural unit of Xinhua Xia uplift belt. The whole Paleozoic strata and some Mesozoic strata are missing in the area, but the Cretaceous Qingshan Formation volcanic rocks are well developed and widely exposed in Qingdao. The magmatic rocks are characterized by Neoproterozoic Jiaonan rose mountain gneisses

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Sheng Qing Dao Shi