Haikou City, Hainan Province

Haikou City, one belt, one road, the capital city of Haikou Province, is located in the north of Hainan, the 19 longest, the 31 km to 20 degrees 04 ', and the east longitude 110 degrees 07' - 110 degrees 42 '. It is located in the north of Hainan Island, Wenchang, Chengmai, South and north of Qiongzhou Strait. Heart and the largest transportation hub.

Haikou is located in the tropics, tropical resources show diversity, is a rich coastal natural scenery of the southern coastal city. It has a history of thousands of years since the port was opened in the Northern Song Dynasty. Haikou was founded on December 9, 1926 and liberated on April 23, 1950. On April 13, 1988, Hainan Province established a special economic zone and Haikou City became the capital of Hainan Province.

Haikou is composed of Hainan Island (part), Haidian island and Xinbu island. The total area of Haikou is 3145.93 square kilometers, including land area of 2284.49 square kilometers and sea area of 861.44 square kilometers. Haikou has a comfortable climate and first-class ecological environment, ranking first in the list of air quality of 168 cities at prefecture level and above issued by the Ministry of ecological environment of the people's Republic of China. The urban green coverage rate reaches 43.5%, and Haikou has been selected as the first "world healthy city" pilot site in China by the World Health Organization. By the end of 2019, the city's permanent resident population is 2.2379 million, and Hainan dialect is popular.

Haikou has the honorary titles of "China's charming city, China's happiest City, China's top ten cities for a better life, China's most potential investment city, China's excellent tourism city, national environmental protection model city, National Health City, National Garden City, national historical and cultural city, national civilized city, National double support model city", etc., and has been awarded by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development The annual "China Habitat Environment Award" was awarded by the United Nations Convention on Wetlands in 2018 as one of the first batch of "international wetland cities" in the world.

The origin of place names

Haikou first appeared in the Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 900 years. It means a piece of beach at the entrance of Nandu River. Historically, Haikou was subordinate to Qiongshan county. Its name evolution includes haikoupu in Song Dynasty, haikougang in Yuan Dynasty, haikoudu, haikosuo city in Ming Dynasty, and qiongzhoukou in Qing Dynasty.

Evolution of organizational system

In the pre Qin period, Haikou belonged to Luoyue, one of the Baiyue tribes.

In the first year of Yuanfeng (110bc), Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, there were zhuya and daner counties in Hainan. Haikou was located in hawksbill County, zhuya county.

In the fifth year of the first Yuan Dynasty (82 BC) of emperor Zhao of the Western Han Dynasty, daner County entered zhuya county.

In the third year of the first Yuan Dynasty (46bc), emperor yuan of the Western Han Dynasty adopted Jia's suggestion to stop going to zhuya county. Since then, Zhulu county and zhuya county have been set up in Leizhou Peninsula.

Jianwu 19 years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (43), home zhuya County, Li Hepu, Haikou Li.

In the fifth year of chiwu (242), Emperor Wu of the Three Kingdoms, two counties, Zhulu and zhuguan, were set up in Hainan. Haikou City was subordinate to zhuguan and later subordinate to Zhulu county.

Jin Taikang six years (285), Haikou is a Hepu County Zhulu county.

Liang Datong middle (535-546), home to Yazhou, Haikou belongs to Yazhou. Chen Tongliang system.

In 610, Linzhen county was set up in the south of the island, daner county and zhuya county were set up in the northwest and north of the island. Haikou belongs to Yanlu County, zhuya county.

In the 622 year of Wude, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, Yanlu county was changed into Yancheng County, and Haikou belongs to Yancheng county.

In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty changed Yancheng County into shecheng county. Shecheng county was divided into Qiongshan county and Pingchang county. Haikou belongs to Qiongshan county.

Tang Taizong Zhenguan five years (631), home Qiong, Yazhou, Haikou is Yazhou shecheng county.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Hainan belonged to the Southern Han Dynasty. The whole island was divided into five states (Qiong, ya, Dan, Wan, Zhen) and 13 counties. Haikou belonged to the Yazhou shecheng county.

In 1071, Haikou belonged to Qiongshan County, which was called haikoupu. It was a port for merchant ships to berth together.

In Yuan Dynasty, it was subordinate to xingzhongshu province of Huguang, Xuanwei Department of haibeihai Nandao, Guangxi, etc.

In 1368, Haikou was located in Qiongshan County, Guangxi Province. Two years (1369), Qiongshan county. Three years (1370), the restoration of Qiongshan County, Haikou is the governor of Guangdong Province, Qiongshan County, known as Haikou. Soon after, Haikou was divided into the first capital and the second capital.

In the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374), a thousand households in Haikou were set up. In 1395, Haikou City was built, which was called Haikou Suo City, and it was called Haikou Suo city.

In the early Qing Dynasty, it was made in the Ming Dynasty. From 1684, the 23rd year of Kangxi to 1729, the navy camp was set up, and the county government office was transferred to Haikou.

In 1685, ten customs were set up along the coast of the island, with Haikou as the general port.

On June 27, 1858, the Treaty of Tianjin between China and France was officially signed. In addition, there was an addendum to the constitution of the peace treaty, which opened six new ports, including Qiongzhou and Chaozhou.

In 1905, Leiqiong road was changed to QiongYa road. Haikou belongs to Qiongshan County of QiongYa Road, which is called Haikou Institute. Haikou commercial port police station was set up in the late Qing Dynasty.

In 1912, Qiong county was divided into 13 counties, called QiongYa 13 genera. Haikou belongs to Qiongshan County, called Haikou town.

In 1919, QiongYa garrison house was relocated to Haikou raoyuan (within the scope of today's Heping film city on Jiefang East Road).

In 1920, QiongYa rehabilitation office was established, and the office was still located in raoyuan.

On December 9, 1926, the fifth meeting of the government committee of Guangdong Province approved that Haikou was separated from Qiongshan county and changed into a city hall. It has the first, second and third police districts.

In 1928, Nanjing National Government promulgated the organic law of special city and the organic law of common city. Ordinary cities required a population of more than 200000. At that time, the population of Haikou, Shantou and Jiangmen was not up to the standard. Whether to retain the administrative qualifications of the three cities was discussed at the meeting of the provincial government committee.

On August 23, 1929, the meeting approved that Haikou City Hall should be changed into Haikou Municipal Council (at the same time, Jiangmen, Meizhou and Jiujiang should be changed).

In May 1930, the national government promulgated the city organization law, abolished the special city organization law and the general city organization law, and raised the standard of establishing a city. Haikou Municipal Council is not qualified.

On February 13, 1931, the 144th meeting of the Fifth Committee of Guangdong Provincial Government approved the abolition of Haikou Municipal Council and the jurisdiction of Qiongshan county.

In 1934, Haikou was designated as the 11th district of Qiongshan county. The district office was set up in Yinghai Academy (now the Vegetable Wholesale Department of Boai Road City).

On February 10, 1939, the Japanese army invaded Hainan. Its army and Navy landed from Changliu Tianwei port. The Kuomintang garrison failed to resist and Haikou fell at noon.

On August 15, 1945, Japan's war of aggression against China failed and declared unconditional surrender.

On April 1, 1949, the KMT authorities set up the office of the chief executive of Hainan Special Administrative Region in Haikou and set up the municipal Preparatory Office of Haikou City.

On April 23, 1950, the Chinese people's Liberation Army wiped out the main forces of the Kuomintang army stationed on the island, Haikou City was liberated, and the municipal preparatory office died.

On May 1, 1950, on the order of the central and southern military region, Haikou military control committee (under the leadership of Hainan Military and Political Committee) was established to take charge of the military control and takeover of Haikou City, Yulin, Sanya.

On May 25, 1950, Haikou Municipal Committee of the CPC was established with the approval of Hainan Military and political Commission. On June 1 of the same year, with the approval of the Hainan Military and political Commission, the people's Government of Haikou City was established. It was stationed at Jiefang Road, Haikou City, and was subordinate to the Hainan Military and political Commission.

On December 1, 1958, the State Council approved the abolition of Qiongshan county and its administrative region was incorporated into Haikou City.

On October 27, 1959, the State Council approved the restoration of Qiongshan county.

In March 1967, Haikou military control committee was established.

In April 1968, Haikou Revolutionary Committee was established. (county level city from 1958 to 1974)

On November 22, 1975, it was upgraded to prefecture level city with the approval of the State Council.

In April 1982, the Seventh People's Congress of Haikou was held, the Revolutionary Committee of Haikou was abolished, and the people's Government of Haikou was restored.

In 1983, it was reduced to a county-level city.

On May 31, 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Haikou was officially upgraded to a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province.

On April 13, 1988, the Seventh National People's Congress passed the "decision on the establishment of Hainan Province" and the "resolution on the establishment of Hainan Special Economic Zone". The administrative region of Hainan was separated from Guangdong Province and established as an independent province and Hainan Special Economic Zone. Haikou City was designated as the capital of Hainan Province.

On October 16, 2002, the State Council approved the merger of Haikou and Qiongshan to establish the new Haikou City.

administrative division

Haikou has jurisdiction over Xiuying District, Longhua District, Qiongshan district and Meilan District (county level), 21 streets, 22 towns, 207 communities and 245 administrative villages.

Xiuying District has jurisdiction over Xiuying and haixiu, Changliu, Xixiu, haixiu, Shishan, Yongxing and Dongshan; Longhua District has jurisdiction over Zhongshan, Binhai, Datong, Jinmao, Jinyu and Haiken, Chengxi, Longqiao, Longquan, Xinpo and Zuntan; Qiongshan district has jurisdiction over Guoxing, Fucheng, Fengxiang and Binjiang, Longtang, Yunlong and Hongqi Meilan District has 9 sub district offices, including Bailong, Baisha, Boai, Haidian, Lantian, Haifu, Renmin, hepingnan and Xinbu, and 4 towns, including Lingshan, Yanfeng, Sanjiang and gougoupo.

geographical environment

Chinese PinYin : Hai Nan Sheng Hai Kou Shi