Luoyang City, Henan Province

Luoyang City, also known as Luoyi and Luojing, is a prefecture level city in Henan Province. The total area of Luoyang city is 15230 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 803 square kilometers. In the west of Henan Province, it is 179 kilometers long from east to west and 168 kilometers wide from north to South. It crosses the north and south sides of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, adjacent to Zhengzhou City in the East, Sanmenxia City in the west, Jiaozuo City in the north, Pingdingshan City and Nanyang City in the south.

Luoyang has a civilization history of more than 5000 years, a city history of more than 4000 years, and a capital history of more than 1500 years. Luoyang is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, the Oriental starting point of the Silk Road, and the center of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In history, more than ten dynasties established their capitals in Luoyang. There are five major city sites in Luoyang, including Erlitou site, Yanshi Shangcheng site, Dongzhou Wangcheng site, Han Wei Luoyang site and Sui Tang Luoyang site. As of March 2019, Luoyang has three world cultural heritages, including Longmen Grottoes, hanhanguguan and hanjiacang. By the end of 2019, Luoyang has 82 A-level tourist attractions, including 30 above 4A level. Luoyang City has Chinese Luoyang Peony Culture Festival, Heluo Culture Tourism Festival and other festival activities. Luoyang has won the honors of China's excellent tourism city, National Garden City, national health city and national civilized city.

By the end of 2019, Luoyang has a total population of 7.1702 million, a permanent resident population of 6.922 million and an urban permanent resident population of 4.091 million. As of January 2019, Luoyang has one county-level city, eight counties and six districts under its jurisdiction. In 2019, Luoyang's regional GDP will be 503.49 billion yuan, the three industrial structure will be 4.9:46.3:48.8, and the per capita GDP will be 72912 yuan.

The origin of place names

Luoyang is named for its location in the sun of Luoshui.

Evolution of organizational system

As far back as the Paleolithic age, five or six hundred thousand years ago, our ancestors lived and multiplied here. In the Neolithic age, many clans and tribes were distributed on both sides of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and on the platforms of rivers such as Yi, Luo, fan and Jian. Nearly 200 settlement sites, such as sunqitun site, wangwan site and Kuili site, were found in Luoyang after the founding of new China, where people lived and lived at that time.

In the early Xia Dynasty, Yu delimited Jiuzhou and Heluo belonged to ancient Yuzhou. Luoyang was the center of the Xia Dynasty, and the capital of Taikang, Zhongkang and Dijie was the city of Zhenyi.

In 1600 BC, the Shang Dynasty was founded. The capital of Shangtang was Xibo (about 6 kilometers northeast of Erlitou site).

In 1046 B.C., after the Western Zhou Dynasty replaced Yin Dynasty, in order to control the eastern region, it began to establish a capital in Luoyang. The Duke of Zhou built the royal city and Chengzhou city on the North Bank of Luoshui. It is known in history that Chengwang "moved his residence to Chengzhou at the beginning", "settled in Jiafu" and "lived in China". He once moved the indomitable people of Yin to Chengzhou and supervised them by the eight divisions of Chengzhou. At that time, Luoyang was called Luoyi, Xinyi, Dayi, Chengzhou, Tianshi and China, also known as Zhounan.

In the first year of King Zhouping (770 BC), King Zhouping moved eastward to Luoyi, which was the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

In the first year of emperor Zhuangxiang of Qin Dynasty (249 BC), Qin set up Sanchuan County in Luoyang, which became the city of Zhou.

In the first year of the king of Han Dynasty (206 BC), Xiang Yu granted the title of king of Henan to Shenyang and lived in Luoyang.

In the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), Liu Bangjian was the capital of the Han Dynasty, and later moved to Chang'an. He changed Sanchuan County into Henan county and ruled Luoyang. It has jurisdiction over 22 counties, including Luoyang, Henan (Han Dynasty, Zhiwang city), Yanshi, Goushi, Ping (northwest of Yanshi), Pingyin (northeast of Mengjin), Xincheng (southwest of Yichuan), Gucheng (New Antong), Gong, Xingyang, Xinzheng, Zhongmou and Kaifeng. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up the governor of thirteen prefectures, and the prefecture of Henan belonged to Sili. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power, changed Luoyang into Yiyang, and established "Xinshi Dongdu" and "Zhongshi".

In the 25th year of the founding of Guangwu in the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiuding's capital Luoyang was changed to Luoyang.

Jianwu 15 years (39 years), more Henan county for Henan Yin.

In the 140th year of the Yonghe reign of the Han Dynasty, there were two hundred and eighty-six families and one hundred and ten thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven people in Yin of Henan Province.

In the first year of Huangchu (220), Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, established Luoyang as the capital, changed Luoyang into Luoyang, and set up the Department of Sili and Xiaowei.

In the first year of Taishi (265), Luoyang was still the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty.

In 436, Luozhou was established in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In 494, Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital to Luoyang.

In 581, the first year of emperor kaihuang of Sui Dynasty, he set up Shangshu Province in Tokyo in Luoyang; in the next year, he set up daoxingtai province in Henan Province; in the third year, he abolished Xingtai and led the chief inspector by the governor of Luozhou; in the fourteenth year, he set up a chief inspector in Jinyong city.

In the first year of Daye (605), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty moved his capital to Luoyang. To the east of the King City of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and 18 Li to the west of the old city of the Han and Wei dynasties, a new Luoyang City was built. In the same year, Luozhou was changed into Yuzhou, Henan county was changed in three years, and Luozhou was reestablished in fourteen years. It governed 18 counties, including Henan, Luoyang, Yanshi, Goushi, Wenxiang, Taolin, Shaanxi, Xionger, Mianchi, Xin'an, Gong, Yiyang, Shouan, Luhun, yique, Xingtai, Songyang and Yangcheng.

In the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was still the capital of Gaozong, which was called the eastern capital.

In the fourth year of Wude (621), it set up the general manager's office of Luozhou, which governs Luozhou, Zhengzhou, Xiongzhou, Guzhou, Songzhou, Guanzhou, Yizhou, Ruzhou and Luzhou, and Luozhou governs Luoyang, Henan, Yanshi, Goushi, Gong, Yangcheng, Songyang, Luhun and yique.

In the first year of Zhenguan (627), the country was divided into ten roads, and Luoyang belonged to Henan road.

In the second year of Xianqing (657), it was established as the eastern capital.

In the first year of Kaiyuan (713), Luozhou was changed to Henan Province.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), the capital was set up in Luoyang. During the reign of Tianbao, the eastern capital was changed to Tokyo. Luoyang was governed by Luozhou and Henan.

In the first year of Empress Wu Zetian's guangzhai (684), she changed the eastern capital into Shendu, expanded the capital, built Mingtang, Tianshu, etc.

In the fourth year of emperor Tianyou of Tang Dynasty (907), Luoyang was once the capital of the Later Liang Dynasty, the later Tang Dynasty and the later Jin Dynasty.

In the Song Dynasty, Luoyang was taken as the west capital, and Henan mansion was set up.

In the Jin Dynasty, Luoyang was designated as the capital of China, which was changed from Henan prefecture to Jinchang Prefecture, and Henan county to Luoyang county.

From the Yuan Dynasty, Luoyang was no longer the capital, but the government of Henan.

In Ming Dynasty, Henan government governed Luoyang, Yanshi, Gongxian, Mengjin, Dengfeng, Xin'an, Mianchi, Yiyang, Yongning, Songxian and other 10 counties, which were the fiefs of King Yi and King Fu.

In the Qing Dynasty, Luoyang was still governed by Henan government.

In 1912, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Republic of China established, abandoned Henan Prefecture, set up Heluo Road, Dao Yin office in Luoyang, jurisdiction of Luoyang, Yanshi and other 19 counties.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the direct warlord Wu Peifu occupied Luoyang and set up the office of two lake patrol envoys and the headquarters of the third division of the army in Luoyang.

In 1923, Luoyang became the capital of Henan Province.

In 1932, when the Japanese army attacked Shanghai, the KMT government designated Luoyang as its capital and once worked in Luoyang. After the July 7th incident, most of North China was occupied. Luoyang became the front post of the northern Anti Japanese War, and the commander's headquarters of the first war zone of the Kuomintang was stationed in Luoyang.

In the autumn of 1939, Henan provincial government moved to Luoyang again, and Luoyang became the capital of Henan Province for the second time.

In 1948, Luoyang was liberated and the people's democratic government of Luoyang City was established. This paper analyzes that the urban area of Luoyang county is a city and juxtaposed with Luoyang county. In December of the next year, Luoyang people's democratic government was renamed Luoyang people's government.

In 1954, Luoyang was upgraded to a municipality directly under the central government of Henan Province. The next year, Luoyang county was abolished, part of which was incorporated into Luoyang City, and the rest was included in Yanshi, Mengjin, Yiyang and other counties.

In 1956, the old city, Xigong District and suburb of Luoyang City were built successively, and the next year, Fuhe district was established.

In 1982, with the approval of the State Council, a new Geely district was established.

In 1983, Xin'an, Mengjin and Yanshi were transferred to Luoyang.

In 1986, Luoyang was abolished, and Luoning, Yiyang, Songxian, Luanchuan, Ruyang and Yichuan were also changed to Luoyang.

In 1993, Yanshi county was changed into Yanshi City.

In June 2000, with the approval of the State Council, Luoyang suburb was renamed Luolong District.

administrative division

As of January 2019, Luoyang has one county-level city, eight counties and six districts under its jurisdiction, and Luoyang Municipal People's government is located at No. 228, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang City, Henan Province.

geographical environment

Location context

Luoyang has a total area of 15200 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 803 square kilometers. In the west of Henan Province, it is located at 112 ° 16 '- 112 ° 37' e, 34 ° 32 '- 34 ° 45' n, 179 km long from east to west and 168 km wide from north to south. It crosses the north and south sides of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, adjacent to Zhengzhou City in the East, Sanmenxia City in the west, Jiaozuo City in the north, Pingdingshan City and Nanyang City in the south.

topographic features

Luoyang city is high in the West and low in the East, with crisscross mountains and hills. The terrain is complex, with 45.51% in mountainous area, 40.73% in hilly area and 13.8% in plain area. It is surrounded by Yushan, Mangshan, qingyaoshan, jingzishan, Zhoushan, Yingshan, Longmen Mountain, Xiangshan, Wan'an mountain, Shouyang mountain, Songshan and other mountains.

Luoyang is located in the west of Henan Province and the East Qinling fold system. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East. There are four mountains, Funiu, Waifang, Xionger and Gushan. Funiu mountain runs through the south from the southwest, Waifang mountain is the southeast barrier, Xiong'er mountain runs through the middle from the southwest to the northeast, and Gu mountain is located in the West. The altitude of Funiu Mountain is 1500-2000m; Waifang mountain is a branch of Funiu Mountain, with an altitude of 600-1000m; Xionger mountain is 1500-2000m, which is the watershed between Yihe River and Luohe River; Gushan Mountain is 1200-1800m, with the highest point of Laojun Mountain, the main peak of Funiu Mountain, with an altitude of 2212.5m.

climate

Luoyang City

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Luo Yang Shi