Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province

Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao, referred to as "Qin", also known as port city and Linyu, is a prefecture level city in Hebei Province, an important port city in China's Bohai Rim Area approved by the State Council, and a famous coastal tourism, leisure and resort. By 2019, the city has four districts and three counties, covering a total area of 7813 square kilometers, with a permanent resident population of 3146300 and an urban population of 1910400, with an urbanization rate of 60.72%.

Qinhuangdao is located in North China, northeast Hebei and Bohai Sea to the south. It is one of the first batch of coastal open cities in China, an important functional area of the capital economic circle, an important gateway and node city for Beijing Tianjin Hebei to radiate Northeast China, an important sea port in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China, a national comprehensive transportation hub, and an important part of two national strategies for the coordinated development of Beijing Tianjin Hebei and the revitalization of northeast old industrial base The intersection is the earliest independent trading port in China, the largest aluminum products production and processing base in China, and the largest grain and oil processing base in northern China. It is known as the "wheel manufacturing city".

Qinhuangdao is named after the first emperor of Qin who sent people to the sea to seek immortals. It is the only city in China named after the emperor's name. It is well-known for "langtaosha · Beidaihe" and has rich tourism resources. It is a famous tourist and leisure resort at home and abroad. Shanhaiguan district is a national historical and cultural city. As a national innovative city pilot, Qinhuangdao has 13 colleges and universities, more than 80 experts enjoying the special allowance of the State Council, and 150000 college students. The talent density ranks first in the province.

Qinhuangdao has been honored as the most beautiful coastal city in China, the top ten ecological civilization city in China, the most livable city in northern China, the best leisure city in China, the most loving city in China, and the most happy city in China. Qinhuangdao once co hosted the Beijing Asian Games and the Beijing Olympic Games. It is the only prefecture level city in China that has ever co hosted the Olympic Games and the Asian Games. In 2017, it won the title of national civilized city. In 2018, it won the title of national forest city.

Qinhuangdao is an ancient city with a long history. In 215 BC, the first emperor of Qin visited Jieshi in the East, carved jieshimen Ci, and sent Lu Sheng, a Yan man, to seek immortality in the sea. He once stayed here, hence the name Qinhuangdao.

The cultural relics unearthed from Wushan karst cave in Lulong County prove that human beings lived here 50000-600000 years ago; the xiaomaoshan Neolithic site in Mengjiang Town, Shanhaiguan District, and the jiangjuntai Neolithic site in gaojianzhuang, Shanhaiguan District prove that in the Neolithic age, the ancestors here had mastered more advanced production tools and created a higher culture.

There are written records that the earliest place name in Qinhuangdao is Jieshi recorded in Yugong, which belongs to Jizhou. Qinhuangdao, located in the ancient Jieshi area, was an ancient Guzhu country with prosperous civilization in the Shang Dynasty. The capital of the country was near today's Lulong city. After the destruction of the Shang Dynasty, Guzhu belonged to the Zhou Dynasty. By 664 BC, Guzhu was destroyed, and the Guzhu ancient country had lasted for more than 1100 years. Guzhu is an ancient country in Northeast China.

From the Hongshan Culture of Shang people 6000 years ago to the Ming Dynasty 1381 years ago, more than 4000 years ago, Qinhuangdao has always belonged to western Liaoning. The construction of Mingshan customs separated Qinhuangdao from the northeast, but it is still the Northeast Liaoxi culture.

In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, it was the central area of Guzhu state. In the spring and Autumn period, the Jin Dynasty destroyed Feizi, and Feizi fled to the state of Yan. Yan asked Feizi to build Feizi state here. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Liaoxi County of Yan state. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was the only place for Eastern pilgrimage and military strategists. For the fourth time, Qin Shihuang visited Jieshi and carved jieshimen. They also sent Yan people, such as Lu Sheng, Han Zhong, Hou Gong, and Shi Sheng, into the sea to seek immortals and immortality medicine, hence the name of Qinhuangdao.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it belonged to the land of Yan. Feizi ran to Yan and was granted the title of marquis in the northwest of today's Lulong City, becoming the richest place in Yan.

Qin Shihuang unified China and divided the country into 36 counties, which belong to Liaoxi county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Youzhou. The northern part of Funing and Qinglong belong to Beiping County, Licheng county is set in the west of Funing City, and the urban areas of Lulong, Changli and Qinhuangdao belong to Liaoxi County; feiru county is set in the north of Lulong City, and Yi county is set near Changli city.

From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms Wei, and then to the Western Jin Dynasty, Qinhuangdao belongs to Youzhou Liaoxi county. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, feiru county was set up in the north of today's Lulong City, and Linyu county was set up in Funing Yuguan. Feiru County in the West and Linyu County in the East. During the Wei period of the Three Kingdoms, feiru county was set up in the north of Lulong City, and Liaoxi county and YangLe county were set up in the East. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the county government and YangLe county government were located in the east of the city, feiru county government in the north of Lulong City, Linyu town in Yuguan, feiru County in the north of Lulong and most of Qinglong, Haiyang County in the west of Changli, and YangLe County in the rest.

In the Sixteen States of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was the Liaoxi County of Qianyan, qianqin, Houyan and Beiyan, and the county was located in the west of Funing city. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, it belonged to Pingzhou. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Pingzhou County, Liaoxi county and feiru county were set up in the north of Lulong city; Beiping county and Xinchang County were set up in Lulong city; YangLe county was set up in the west of Funing city. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Pingzhou and Liaoxi prefectures were still set up in the north of Lulong city. The prefectures were divided into one city, while Beiping prefectures were set up in Lulong city. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, there were prefectures in the north of Lulong City, prefectures in Lulong City, feiru county and Xinchang County under the prefectures.

Sui unified the northern and Southern Dynasties and divided the world into 57 counties. Qinhuangdao city is divided into two parts: the eastern part and Qinglong are Liucheng County of Liaoxi County, and the county is located near Chaoyang City of Liaoning Province; the western part is Pingzhou at the beginning, with two counties of lingxinchang and feiru. In the sixth year of kaihuang (586 A.D.), another one is feiru. In the eighteenth year of kaihuang (598 A.D.), it was renamed Lulong, and the county is located in the present Lulong city.

In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to two states. To the west of Yuguan is daopingzhou in Hebei Province, and to the early Tang Dynasty it was beipingjun. In the second year of Wude (619 AD), it was changed to Pingzhou. Its governing place is located in today's lulongcheng, lingfeiru county (where it is located in lulongcheng) and Linyu county (where it is located in Funing Yuguan). In the same year, feiru changed his name to Lulong and set up Funing County.

In the seventh year of Wude, Linyu county and Funing County were saved, and they were returned to Lulong County. In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (641 AD), Linyu county was established. In the second year of Wansui Tongtian (697 AD), it was renamed Shicheng County. In the second year of Tianbao (742 AD), Pingzhou was changed to Beiping County, and in the first year of Qianyuan (758 AD), it was restored to Pingzhou. In the second year of Kaiyuan (714 A.D.) to the second year of Kaibao (743 A.D.), an Dongdu Hufu was set up in Lulong city. In the second year of Kaibao (743 A.D.), the Lulong army was set up. To the east of Yuguan and to the north of the Great Wall, it belongs to Liucheng County, Daoying Prefecture, Hebei Province. Today, Yuguan is the city of Yuguan.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, this was the place of Yingzhou and Pingzhou. In Liang and Tang Dynasties, Pingzhou and Lulong County were set up in Lulong city. In the third year of Tongguang (925 A.D.), Qidan occupied Ying and Ping'an prefectures. In Jin, Han and Zhou dynasties, it was occupied by Qidan. Later, Qidan was renamed Liao.

In Liao Dynasty, Nanjing road was located to the west of Yuguan and Daihe, Pingzhou and Lulong County were set up in Lulong City, and Liaoxing army was set up; Yingzhou and Guangning County were set up in Changli City, and adjacent navy was set up; Wangdu county was set up in the south of Lulong city; Xin'an town was set up in Funing city; Yingzhou and all counties were subordinate to Pingzhou, Zhongjing Road was set up to the east of Yuguan and Daihe, and north of the Great Wall, and Qianzhou and qianmin county were set up in Shanhaiguan, and Xingzhou was set up In Haiyang town of Funing, Runzhou and Haiyang county governments were set up, and Haiyang army was set up.

After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty, the city of Qinhuangdao is now the land of Jin. Yuguan and Daihe belong to Zhongdu Luping prefecture to the West. In the early Jin Dynasty, Changli city was still Guangning County, and was renamed Changli County in the 29th year of Dading (AD 1189); in the same year, Xinan town was upgraded to Funing County (where it is now Funing city); Wangdu County in Liao Dynasty was still preserved, and was renamed Haishan County in the seventh year of Dading (AD 1167). To the east of Yuguan and Daihe and to the north of the Great Wall is luruizhou, Beijing. Haiyang county is set up in Haiyang town of Funing, and Shanhaiguan is a town of migrants.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the west of Yuguan and Daihe belonged to Pingzhou, Zhongshu province. In the 10th year of emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1215 AD), Xingping army in Pingzhou was changed into Xingping mansion. In 1260 ad, Xingping mansion was upgraded to pingluan road. In 1300 ad, pingluan road was renamed Yongping Road because of frequent floods in this area. The road administration and Lulong County Administration were both located in today's Lulong city. In the second year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1265 AD), Funing County and Haishan county were merged into Changli County. One year later, Changli County was abolished and Funing County and Haishan county were restored. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Funing County and Haishan province were restored to Changli County. In the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty, Funing County was restored and Changli and Haishan province were restored to Funing County. In the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Funing County was restored Changli County is located to the east of Yuguan and Daihe, and to the north of the Great Wall, which belongs to Daning road of Liaoyang province. In the south, it is under the jurisdiction of Ruizhou general manager's office. In Haiyang Town, it is located in Daning Haiyang qianhusuo. In the north, it belongs to Lushan County.

In the early Ming Dynasty, it was Yongping Road, which was subordinate to Shandong Province. In 1369, it was renamed pingluan Road, which belonged to the North parallel province. In the fourth year of Hongwu, it was renamed Yongping mansion, which was established as a government. In the 19th year of Yongle, it was the capital of Zhili. The government governs Lulong County, Changli County and Funing County within the scope of Qinhuangdao city. At that time, Funing County had jurisdiction over Shanhaiguan in the East and Qinglong County in the north. In the fourth year of Hongwu, yongpingwei was built in the south of Fuzhi, and shanhaiwei was set up in Shanhaiguan. In the first year of Yongle (1403 AD), Funing Wei was set up in the north of Funing City, Dongsheng Zuowei was built in the northeast of Fuzhi, Lulong Wei was built in the south of Funan, and Yongping Wei was built later. In 1569 A.D., yanheying Road, taitouying Road, shimenzhai road and Shanhaiguan road were added to Jizhou general.

In the Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Yongping Prefecture of tongyongdao in Zhili Province, where the government was set up in Lulong city. Under the jurisdiction of Lulong County, Changli County and Funing County, the county government was all located in today's county. In the second year of Qianlong (17ad)

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