Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province

Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture belongs to Guizhou Province. It is located in the central and southern part of Guizhou Province. It is connected with Qiandongnan Prefecture in the East, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the south, Anshun City and Qianxinan Prefecture in the west, and Guiyang City in the north. It is located in the slope zone from Guizhou Plateau to Guangxi hills. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. It is located in the East Asian monsoon region. With a total area of 26197 square kilometers, the prefecture governs two county-level cities, nine counties and one Autonomous County. In 2017, there were 3.2809 million permanent residents.

Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture used to be an important channel for the south to go to sea on the Silk Road, and also the old road from Central Guizhou to Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and Yunnan. In Southern Guizhou, aviation, railway, highway and river transport crisscross; in Southern Guizhou, there have emerged a number of heroes, such as the famous general of Liaodong, Qiu Hejia, the commander of Shanhaiguan, Dai Kan and Huang Qisheng, the pioneers of protecting the country, and Deng Enming, the representative of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China; there are 6 national forest parks and 5 provincial forest parks.

Historical evolution

Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture has been the area inhabited by the ancestors of ethnic minorities since ancient times. As early as the Yin and Zhou dynasties, there were many tribal activities in the territory, and they belonged to Yao, Yelang and other countries.

After the Tang Dynasty, the central government strengthened its rule over ethnic minorities. During the Tang, song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, a number of Jimi prefectures, prefectures, counties, caves, guards and offices were set up in the prefecture.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the chieftain system began to be implemented in Qiannan, which was divided into eight parts: Xuanwei capital Marshal's office, Duyun Dingyun pacification department, Xintian Geman pacification department, Bozhou Xuanwei department and qingyunnandan pacification department. Before the establishment of the province in the Ming Dynasty, there were mainly military institutions in Qiannan. Qiannan was divided into Guizhou Wei, longliwei, Pingyue Wei, Duyun Wei, Xintian Wei, dingfanzhou and Guangshun States, etc.

During the Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, Guizhou carried out the policy of "returning the land to Liu". Some areas under the rule of Tusi were changed into prefectures and counties, such as Duyun Prefecture, Xingui County, Guiding County and Libo County. In the fourth year of Yongzheng reign, the Qing government forced a large-scale implementation of "returning the land to Liu" in Qiannan, abolishing the hereditary system of the chieftain, such as Anfusi and shizongsi, and replacing them with Liuguan rule. The military regions such as "Weisuo" were abolished and incorporated into the administrative regions such as prefectures, prefectures and counties. Qiannan belongs to Guiyang Prefecture, Duyun Prefecture, Dushan Prefecture, and hepingyue Zhili Prefecture.

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), all prefectures and counties in Qing Dynasty were renamed counties.

In 1935, the central government of the Kuomintang came to power in Guizhou and established the administrative supervision district. Qiannan Prefecture is divided into the first, seventh and eleventh administrative supervision districts. The first office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision is located in Dingfan county (today's Huishui county), which governs Huishui, Longli, Luodian and Changshun counties. The seventh Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision district is located in Pingyue county（ Today's Fuquan county is under the jurisdiction of Fuquan, guiding, Weng'an and other counties and cities. The office of the 11th district commissioner of administrative supervision is located in Dushan County, which governs Dushan, Duyun, Pingtang, Libo and Sandu. After that, it changed several times.

On November 15, 1949, Duyun county was liberated, and then Dushan special district was established. The office of the commissioner was located in Duyun County, which governed 12 counties of the second administrative supervision district in the period of the Republic of China, namely Duyun, Dushan, Pingtang, Luodian, Sandu, Libo, Majiang, Liping, Rongjiang, Congjiang, Danzhai. At that time, Weng'an, guiding, Longli, Huishui and Changshun counties were subordinate to Guiyang special district.

In 1952, Dushan district was renamed Duyun District, Guiyang district was renamed guiding District, the office of the commissioner was moved to guiding, Huishui county was abolished and Huishui County Yi and Miao Autonomous Region was established.

In 1954, it was renamed the Buyi and Miao Autonomous Region of Huishui County, which was the first national autonomous region set up in Qiannan. In the same year, Luodian county was transformed into a Buyi autonomous region. On the eve of the establishment of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Duyun, Sandu, Dushan, Pingtang, Libo and Fuquan counties were subordinate to Duyun Prefecture, while guiding, Longli, Weng'an, Changshun, Huishui and Luodian counties were subordinate to guiding Prefecture.

On August 8, 1956, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established, and its people's Committee was stationed in Duyun county.

On January 2, 1957, Sandu County, Libo, Duyun, Rongjiang, Dushan and other counties were merged to establish Sandu Shui Autonomous County.

In 1958, Duyun county was abolished and Duyun City was established. The people's Committee of the autonomous prefecture is located in Duyun City. Huishui county is under the leadership of Guiyang city; Anlong and Zhenning counties are under the jurisdiction of Anshun district; Weng'an and guiding counties, which originally belong to Anshun district, are under the jurisdiction of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Libo County was abolished and merged into Dushan County; Pingtang county was abolished and merged into Dushan and Luodian counties; Ziyun county was abolished and merged into Wangmo and Changshun counties; Zhenfeng county was abolished and merged into Xingren County; Ceheng county was abolished and merged into Anlong county. Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture governs one city, six counties and one Autonomous County.

In 1961, five counties including Libo, Pingtang, Ziyun, Longli and Fu were restored. Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture governs 1 city, 11 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1962, Duyun City was abolished and Duyun county was restored. Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture governs 12 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1963, Huishui County, formerly under the leadership of Guiyang City, and Zhenfeng, Ceheng (zhuzhelou) and Anlong counties, formerly under the jurisdiction of Anshun district, were included in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. It has jurisdiction over 16 counties and 1 Autonomous County. In 1965, Anlong county, Zhenfeng County, Ceheng county and Wangmo county were assigned to Xingyi District, while Ziyun county was assigned to Anshun district. Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture governs 11 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1966, Duyun City was restored. The people's Committee of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in Duyun City. It has jurisdiction over 1 city, 11 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1996, Fuquan county was abolished and Fuquan city at the county level was established, with the former administrative region of Fuquan County as the administrative region of Fuquan city.

On October 15, 2020, the cultural tourism promotion alliance of three provinces and six places will be established.

administrative division

As of December 2018, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over two county-level cities, nine counties and one Autonomous County: Duyun City (Guanghui Road Street), Fuquan City (Jinshan Street), Libo County (Yuping town), guiding county (Chengguan town), Weng'an county (yongyang town), Dushan county (Chengguan town), Pingtang county (Pinghu Town), Luodian county (Longping town), Changshun county (Changzhai town) Longli county (Longshan Town), Huishui county (Heping Town), Sandu Shui Autonomous County (Sanhe Town). The Prefecture People's government is located in Duyun City.

(Note: the locations of the county and city governments are shown in brackets above.)

geographical environment

Location context

Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in the south of Guizhou Province, between 106 ° 12 '- 108 ° 18'e and 25 ° 04' - 27 ° 29'n. The East-West longitude is 2 ° 06 ', and the straight-line distance is 207.9 km. The distance is 269.4 km. The distance between the southernmost part of the state and Tropic of cancer is < I > (23 ° 27 'n) < / I > 1 ° 37'. Libo County in the south of Guizhou Province is 390km away from the coast, which is the nearest place to the coast in Guizhou Province. The prefecture is connected with Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Hechi City and Baise region in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the South and southwest, Anshun City and Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Zunyi City and Guiyang City in the north and northwest. The total area of the prefecture is 26197 square kilometers, accounting for 15% of the total area of Guizhou Province.

topographic features

Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in the slope zone of Guizhou Plateau to Guangxi hills. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The altitude of Cape mountain between guiding and Duyun is 1961 meters, which is the highest point in the whole Prefecture. The altitude of the exit of Luodian Hongshui River is 242 meters, which is the lowest point in the whole Prefecture, with a difference of 1719 meters. According to the area calculation of different elevations, the total area of the ground below 800 meters above sea level is 20.65%; 800-1000 meters account for 23.62%; 1000-1200 meters account for 23.17%; 1200-1400 meters account for 19.05%, and 1400 meters account for 3.51%. The average altitude of the whole Prefecture is 997 meters, which is lower than the average altitude of the whole province of 1107 meters. Under the warm and rainy climate, karst landforms are widely developed in all parts of the prefecture, forming a variety of surface and underground karst landscapes. Karst landform types include peak forest, peak cluster, trough valley, depression, sinkhole, karst cave, underground river, Shigou, Shiya, etc. Huishui, Pingtang, Dushan, Libo and other counties are the most concentrated. The landform of the autonomous prefecture is divided into six types: high and middle mountain, middle mountain, low and middle mountain, low mountain, hill and basin.

climate

The climate of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is diverse, with obvious regional and vertical differences, which has the climate characteristics and change rules of Plateau and mountainous areas. The autonomous prefecture is located in the East Asian monsoon region, which is the closest area to the sea in Guizhou Province. Most of the year is affected by warm and humid air from the ocean. As a result of the monsoon activity, the temperature of Southern Guizhou varies greatly in the four seasons, showing the plateau weather characteristics of sudden cold and hot. At the end of autumn, the temperature drops sharply because of a strong cold air intrusion; at the end of winter, the strong southwest warm current goes northward, which makes the temperature in the prefecture rise significantly. Although the autonomous prefecture is located in the plateau, due to its low latitude and close to the sea, the warm and humid air from the sea brings sufficient heat every year, so it is rich in heat. The average frost free period in the prefecture is 292 days. The sunshine degree in most areas of the prefecture is about 30%. The annual average temperature of the prefecture is 13.6 ℃ - 19.6 ℃. It gradually increases from north to South and from west to East. Autonomous Prefecture is one of the rainy areas in Guizhou Province, the annual precipitation is more than 1200 mm.

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Qian Nan Bu Yi Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou