Foshan City, Guangdong Province

Foshan, Foshan for short, is a prefecture level city in Guangdong Province.

Foshan is located in the central part of Guangdong Province and the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta. It is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, Guangzhou in the East and Zhongshan in the south. Together with Guangzhou, Foshan forms the "Guangzhou Foshan metropolitan area". It vigorously promotes the cooperation between Guangzhou and Foshan and creates an international metropolitan area. It is one of the cities in the Pearl River Delta, an important node city in the bay area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and an important part of the "Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing economic circle" and the "Pearl River Xijiang economic belt" Points.

Foshan is a national famous historical and cultural city. It is the center of the city. Historically, it is one of the four famous towns in China. It is known as the hometown of ceramics, martial arts and Cantonese opera. It is a famous city of dragon boat, dragon lion culture, the birthplace of Cantonese Opera, and the birthplace, prosperity and inheritance of Cantonese culture.

Foshan is one of the most developed areas of private economy in China. It is in a leading position in the economic development of Guangdong Province. It is an important manufacturing base in China, an economic and Trade Center in the West Wing of the Pearl River Delta and a comprehensive transportation hub determined by the State Council. As of 2018, the city has five districts with a total area of 3797.72 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 7.9057 million and an urban population of 7.573 million, with an urbanization rate of 94.96%.

Historical evolution

Foshan

In the Neolithic age, the ancestors of Foshan started the primitive civilization with fishing, farming and pottery making. Foshan belongs to Nanyue in pre Qin period. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Foshan City mainly belonged to Nanhai County, Panyu county. From the Sui Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, it mainly belonged to Nanhai county. After the Ming Dynasty, Foshan City was divided into Nanhai County, Shunde County, Sanshui county and Gaoming county. The city center was one of the four major cities in the world, one of the four famous towns, and also a major town in Nanhai county.

The origin of "Foshan"

Foshan was called "Jihua township" in ancient times. According to the data of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jihua Township in the early period included jinzumiao street, Shiwan street, Guicheng Street, Beijiao Town, Lecong Town and Chencun town. In the second year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (398 A.D.), dabiyeshe, a master of Sanzang (now Kashmir), with two bronze Buddha statues, built a Buddhist temple on tapogang (today's tapo Street) to spread Buddhism. After he returned home, the temples collapsed one after another and became a hillock.

On a certain day in the second year of Tang Zhenguan (628 A.D.), the tapo hill was full of splendor, and the villagers rushed to tell each other. So they gathered together and dug up three bronze Buddha statues on tapogang. When they were removed, a clear spring gushed out. According to the inscriptions, it is known that in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were monks from the state of Qubin who built temples, preached Buddhist scriptures and spread Buddhism. The villagers built wells to draw water, rebuilt temples on tapogang, worshipped three bronze Buddhas, and recognized that this was "the mountain of Buddhists", so they renamed Jihua township "Foshan".

Later, there was the proverb "before Foshan, there was tapo".

The origin of "Zhongyi township"

During the orthodox period of the Ming Dynasty, the flood in Guangdong caused the loss of farmland and the tax of the imperial court did not decrease, which finally led to the uprising of Huang Xiaoyang in 1449. In February of the first year of Jingtai (1450), the Ming general Dong Xing led the army to Foshan. Huang Xiaoyang was defeated and captured. The uprising failed, and the city of Foshan was surrounded. In the second year of Jingtai (1451), the emperor awarded Xian Haotong and other 22 people as "loyal officials", and built "loyalty Liufang Temple". Foshan was given the name of "loyalty township", and the ancestral temple was granted the title of "Lingying Temple", enjoying the worship of spring and autumn.

administrative division

Division evolution

On February 15, 1950, Sanshui County People's government was established. On March 1, Nanhai County People's government was established. The people's Government of Shunde county was established on March 20. On July 1, Foshan was changed into a town under the jurisdiction of Nanhai county.

On June 26, 1951, Foshan town was changed into a city.

In June 1954, the CPC Central Guangdong district Party committee and central Guangdong administrative office moved from Jiangmen City to No. 10 Dafu Road, Foshan City. The central Guangdong administrative office has jurisdiction over 24 counties (Zhongshan, Shunde, Nanhai, Sanshui, Panyu, Dongguan, Bao'an, Zengcheng, BOLUO, Longmen, Zhuhai, Xinhui, Gaoming, Heshan, Fengkai, HUAIJI, Gaoyao, Guangning, Sihui, Xinxing, Luoding, Yunfu, Yunnan and Deqing), 1 city (Shiqi) and 2 provincial cities (Jiangmen and Foshan).

In February 1956, Foshan prefectural committee and Foshan District of the CPC were established, with jurisdiction over 13 counties (Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Panyu, Shunde, Nanhai, Sanshui, Xinhui, Heshan, Gaoming, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Huaxian), 1 city (Shiqi) and 2 provincial cities (Foshan and Jiangmen).

In 1958, Foshan and Jiangmen were transformed into county-level cities under the leadership of Foshan district.

From November 1958 to January 1959, Foshan district was renamed Guangzhou district.

In 1970, Foshan district was renamed as Foshan area, and Foshan and Jiangmen were changed into county-level cities. Foshan has jurisdiction over 12 counties of Nanhai, Shunde, Sanshui, Gaohe, Taishan, Enping, Panyu, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Xinhui, Kaiping and Doumen, and two cities of Foshan and Jiangmen.

On June 1, 1983, the organizational system of Foshan was abolished and the system of city leading county was implemented. Foshan City governs Zhongshan, Nanhai, Shunde, Gaoming and Sanshui.

In June 1984, Foshan City governed Fenjiang district (changed to urban area in 1986), Shiwan District, Nanhai, Shunde, Gaoming and Sanshui counties, and took charge of Zhongshan City.

From 1992 to 1994, Shunde, Nanhai, Sanshui and Gaoming successively removed their counties and established cities (counties), which were managed by Foshan.

In December 2002, the State Council approved the abolition of the urban area, Shiwan District, Nanhai City, Shunde City, Sanshui City and Gaoming City, and the establishment of five districts, namely Chancheng District, Nanhai District, Shunde District, Sanshui District and Gaoming District.

Zoning details

Foshan was formerly under the jurisdiction of the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Administration, Foshan district. By 2019, Foshan has five municipal districts: Chancheng District, Shunde District, Nanhai District, Sanshui District and Gaoming District.

geographical environment

Location context

Foshan is located in the central and southern part of Guangdong Province, China, in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, east of Guangzhou, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, 231 km and 143 km away from Hong Kong and Macao respectively. It is located at 113 ° 06 'e and 23 ° 02' n.

climate

Foshan has a mild climate, abundant rainfall and spring like seasons. It is a subtropical monsoon humid climate with an average annual temperature of 23.2 ° C. It has been a land of rich fish and rice since ancient times.

hydrology

The Xijiang River, Beijiang River and its tributaries run through the whole territory of Foshan, which is a typical delta river network area.

population

According to the sixth national census in 2010, the permanent resident population in Foshan is 7194311, which is 1856423 more than 5337888 in the fifth national census, an increase of 34.78%. The average annual growth rate is 3.03%. Among them, the male population is 3875041, accounting for 53.86%; the female population is 3319270, accounting for 46.14%. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females) was 116.74. The population aged 0-14 was 852619, accounting for 11.85%; the population aged 15-64 was 5968913, accounting for 82.97%; the population aged 65 and above was 372779, accounting for 5.18%.

By the end of 2017, the permanent resident population was 7.6567 million, an increase of 194 000 or 2.60% over the end of the previous year; the birth rate was 12.85 ‰, the death rate was 3.10 ‰; and the natural growth rate was 9.75 ‰.

By the end of 2018, the permanent resident population was 7.9057 million, an increase of 249 000 or 3.25% over the end of the previous year; the birth rate was 12.53 ‰, the death rate was 3.25 ‰; and the natural growth rate was 9.28 ‰.

By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population in Foshan will be 8.1586 million, an increase of 2529 million or 3.20% over the end of last year; the birth rate will be 12.01 ‰, the death rate will be 3.45 ‰; and the natural growth rate will be 8.56 ‰.

Foshan is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. There are 1.4 million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, including more than 800000 compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao and 2.4 million overseas Chinese.

Politics

Economics

overview

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Foshan's handicraft industry, commerce and culture were very prosperous. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it developed into an important town in the south of the five ridges where merchants gathered and industry and commerce developed. Together with Beijing, Hankou and Suzhou, it was known as the "four gathering places in the world". Together with Hankou town in Hubei, Jingdezhen town in Jiangxi and Zhuxian town in Henan, it was known as the four famous towns in China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Foshan became one of the birthplaces of modern Chinese national industry. The first new silk reeling factory and the first match factory in China were successively founded, and the "bamboo mouth factory of Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company" was established. Foshan lion head, Foshan Zha lion and Foshan lamp color craft are well-known overseas. South lion of China is in Guangdong. Foshan is the birthplace of South lion and has the reputation of "king of lion". The foundry industry of Foshan began in the Western Han Dynasty. By the Ming Dynasty, the foundry technology of Foshan had reached a very high level, becoming the smelting center of South China, and even "the smelting industry of Foshan is all over the world".

In the last comprehensive competitiveness ranking of counties in China in 2006, all the four districts in Foshan ranked in the top 40 of the top 100 counties. Shunde and Nanhai, the "four tigers" of Guangdong Province, ranked second and fifth, and together with Sanshui, they took the top three of the eight top 100 counties in Guangdong Province. In 2017, China's top 100 cities ranked 21st.

In 2017, the city's GDP was 954.96 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 14.592 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9%; the added value of the secondary industry was 557.018 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 383.349 billion yuan, an increase of 9.1%. In the comprehensive development plan of Guangdong coastal economic belt (2017-2)

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Fo Shan Shi