Luliang City, Shanxi Province

Luliang City is located in the west of the central part of Shanxi Province. It is named because the Luliang mountains run through the whole area from north to south. It faces Yulin, Shaanxi Province across the Yellow River in the west, Taiyuan in the northeast, Jinzhong and Linfen in the East and Southeast. The city basically belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate zone, cold in winter and hot in summer, with four distinct seasons. With a total area of 21000 square kilometers, the city governs one municipal district, 10 counties, two county-level cities, and the municipal government is located in Lishi district.

Luliang is an old revolutionary base area. During the revolutionary war, it was the main battlefield of the Red Army's eastward expedition, the capital of the Shanxi Suiyuan border region and the seat of the central post Committee. A biography of the heroes of Luliang is a true portrayal of the people of Luliang who were not afraid of sacrifice in the war years. Luliang is a new development area. It was established in 2003. It is the youngest prefecture level city in Shanxi Province. Xiaoyi city is the vanguard of county economic development in Shanxi Province.

On October 20, 2020, Luliang City was selected into the list of national double support model cities (counties).

Historical evolution

The establishment of Luliang can be traced back to the spring and Autumn period, when there were quyi, Pingling Yi, Zhongyang Yi and guayan County in Luliang. In 376 B.C., after Han, Zhao and Wei "three families divided into Jin", Luliang was the territory of Zhao state, with Zhongyang, Zi (former guayan, now Fenyang and Xiaoyi), Daling (former Pingling, now Wenshui), etc. After the establishment of Taiyuan County in the fourth year of emperor Zhuangxiang of Qin Dynasty (246 BC), Luliang became the territory of Taiyuan County, with daling, Zishi and other counties.

In the early Han Dynasty, Luliang was still the territory of Taiyuan county. In the fourth year of Yuanshuo (125 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Xihe county. After that, Luliang belonged to Xihe County, Taiyuan county and Pingyang County. Daling, Pingtao (Jinwen horizontal Tao Village) and Zishi are counties under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan County; Lin, gaolang, Zhongyang, Lishi, tujun, Xi and Linshui are counties under the jurisdiction of Xihe County; Puzi county is counties under the jurisdiction of Pingyang County. After Wang Mang replaced the Han Dynasty, Zishi county was changed to Zitong County, Daling county to Daning County, Pingtao county to duodan County, and Linshui county to Jianshui County. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the names of the counties were restored.

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Luliang belonged to Xihe, Taiyuan and Hedong counties. Lishi, Lin, gaolang, Linshui, Zhongyang and Pingzhou are counties under the jurisdiction of Xihe County; daling, Pingtao and Zishi are counties under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan County; Puzi county belongs to Hedong county. Yonghe five years (AD 140) in September, "because of the Xiongnu raids, Xihe County rule moved to the South 590 Li" moved to Lishi County, the earliest county level construction in Luliang. In the same year, Linshui county was merged into Lishi. During the period of Zhongping, Meiji county "moved southward to the boundary of Zishi County, looking for waste.". In the 21th year of Jian'an (218 AD), "the southern Xiongnu was attached to it". The left part of it lived in Zi's family, and the middle part in Daling.

At the beginning of the Three Kingdoms, Luliang was the territory of Wei. In 221 ad, Xihe county was set up to govern Zishi County, Lishi county and Zhongyang County; Daling county and Pingtao county were still Taiyuan County, and Puzi county was still Pingyang County.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, all the counties in Luliang belonged to Xihe state and Taiyuan state respectively. The county remained unchanged, but Zishi county was changed to Xicheng county (now Fenyang County attached to Xihe state). During the period of Sixteen States in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the territory of Luliang was in chaos. In the first year of shile in later Zhao Dynasty (319 AD), YongShi county was set up by "abandonment of Lishi county", and Xihe was changed. Later Yan set up Lishi garrison. After Yongxing, Xihe county was merged into Taiyuan county.

At the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luliang was the territory of Taiyuan County, with daling, Pingtao, Zishi and other counties. Lishi town was added at the beginning of Tianxing, tujing town was set up in the third year of Yanhe (434 A.D.), and tujing town was set up in the ninth year of Taiping Zhenjun (448 A.D.), with Lingdong and Lingxi counties under it. Pingtao county changed from tuobatao to Pingyao County, then moved out of the District, and Daling county changed to Shouyang County. In 484 ad, Xihe county was restored. In 486 ad, tujing town was changed into tujing county. In the same year, Puzi county was abandoned and Fenzhou was set up. Tujing, Xihe and other five counties were under its jurisdiction. Yongan county was established in the 17th year of Taihe (493 A.D.), Lingdong county was transformed into a new city in the 21st year of Taihe (497 A.D.), and Lingxi County into tujing.

In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Luliang was still under the jurisdiction of Fenzhou and Taiyuan county. Fenzhou governed Xihe and tujing counties, Xicheng and Yong'an counties belonged to Xihe County, tujing and Xincheng counties belonged to tujing County, Shouyang County belonged to Taiyuan County, and Lishi town was set up in Lishi county.

At the time of the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, when the two regimes were in dispute, the starting point of the Great Wall built by hulujin in the Northern Qi Dynasty, jinsuoguan, was on huangluling in the area. Today, the site still exists. At that time, there were huaizheng County of Xifen Prefecture, Xihe County of nanshuozhou, Shenwu County of tujing Prefecture and Taiyuan city of Bingzhou in Luliang. The name of nanshuozhou was changed from Fenzhou to Xicheng, and Xihe county was subordinate to it. Lishi town was changed into huaizheng County, with Changhua County and Liangquan County under its jurisdiction. Weifen County belonged to Shenwu County, Shouyang County belonged to Taiyuan County, tujing county and Xincheng County belonged to tujing County, which was later changed into huaizheng County due to the reduction of counties. In the Jiande period of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Xifen was renamed Shizhou; in the Xiangxiang period, nanshuozhou was renamed Jiezhou; and three counties named Hu, kuhu, Wutu and the counties of the same name were added.

In Sui Dynasty, Luliang belonged to Lishi County, Xihe County, Taiyuan County, Loufan County and Longquan county. Lishi County, Xiuhua County, Taihe County, Pingyi County, Dinghu county and Ningxiang County belong to Lishi county. Xicheng county and Yong'an County belong to Xihe county. Shouyang County belongs to Taiyuan County, Lancheng county belongs to Loufan County, and Shilou county belongs to Longquan county.

In Tang Dynasty, Luliang belonged to Shizhou, Fenzhou, Xizhou, Lanzhou and Bingzhou (later changed to Taiyuan prefecture). Xihe (Xicheng county reform) and Xiaoyi (Yong'an county reform) belong to Fenzhou, Lishi, Pingyi and Dinghu belong to Shizhou, Linquan and Fangshan belong to Shizhou, Yifang and hehe belong to Lanzhou, Shilou and Wenquan belong to Xizhou, Jiaocheng (new analysis) and Wenshui belong to Bingzhou (Taiyuan).

During the Five Dynasties, the territory of Luliang remained unchanged.

In Song Dynasty, Luliang belonged to Shizhou, Fenzhou, Lanzhou, Xizhou, jinningjun and Taiyuan. Lishi, Pingyi and Fangshan are counties under the jurisdiction of Shizhou. Xihe and Xiaoyi are counties under the jurisdiction of Fenzhou; Yifang and hehe are counties under the jurisdiction of Lanzhou; Shilou and Wenquan are counties under the jurisdiction of Xizhou; Dinghu and Linquan are counties under the jurisdiction of Jinning; Jiaocheng and Wenshui are counties under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan.

In the Jin Dynasty, only because the Jinning army was abolished, the counties under its jurisdiction were changed to Shizhou, and the subordination of other counties remained unchanged.

In Yuan Dynasty, most of Luliang was under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan Road (later changed to Jining Road), with Jiaocheng County, Wenshui County, Xingzhou, Lanzhou, Linzhou, Shizhou (under the jurisdiction of Lishi county and Ningxiang County) and Fenzhou (under the jurisdiction of Xihe county and Xiaoyi county). Shilou is a county under the jurisdiction of Jinning road.

At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, except Shilou county which belonged to Xizhou, all the counties in Luliang belonged to Taiyuan Prefecture. There are Xingxian County, Lanxian County, Linxian County, Jiaocheng County and Wenshui County in the county, Shizhou (Ningxiang County) and Fenzhou (Xiaoyi county) in the prefecture. In May of the 23rd year of Wanli (1595 A.D.), Fenzhou was promoted to the prefecture, and Fenyang county was set up by relying on Guo. The counties under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan Prefecture, Linxian County, Yongning prefecture (after the third year of Longqing, Shizhou reform) and the counties under the jurisdiction of Ningxiang County and the counties under the jurisdiction of Fenzhou were changed to Fenzhou Prefecture, and Fenyang county was set up by the prefecture. In the 40th year of Wanli (1612 A.D.), Shilou county was changed to be the capital of Fenzhou. In the Qing Dynasty, the imperial system was adopted and the establishment remained unchanged.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the establishment of Fenzhou Prefecture was abolished, Yongning Prefecture was abolished and changed into a county. In January of 1914, Yongning County was changed into Lishi county and Ningxiang County into Zhongyang County. In 1918, Fangshan County was added.

During the war of resistance against Japan and the war of liberation, all the counties in Luliang belonged to the administrative offices of the Shanxi Suiyuan border region.

In September 1949, after the establishment of the people's Government of Shanxi Province, there were Xingxian district and Fenyang District in Luliang. Xingxian district had jurisdiction over 11 counties, including Xingxian County, Linxian County, Lishi County, Fangshan County and Lanxian county. Fenyang district had jurisdiction over 9 counties, including Fenyang County, Xiaoyi County, Jiaocheng County, Wenshui County, Zhongyang County and Shilou county.

On March 27, 1951, Fenyang district was abolished. Jiaocheng, Wenshui, Fenyang and Xiaoyi counties were assigned to Yuci District, Zhongyang County to Xingxian District, and Shilou county to Jinnan District.

On July 1, 1952, Xingxian district was abolished, Xingxian county and Lanxian county were assigned to Yanbei District, while Linxian County, Fangshan County, Lishi county and Zhongyang County were assigned to Yuci district.

On July 1, 1954, Lishi and Fangshan counties merged into Lishan county. On November 10, 1958, Wenshui County and Jiaocheng County were merged into Fenyang County, Zhongyang County and Lishan county were merged into Lishi County, Xiaoyi County into Jiexiu County, Lan county into jingle county and Xing county respectively, and Shilou County into Luliang County. On September 19, 1959, except Xiaoyi County, other counties were restored, and in May 1961, Xiaoyi county was restored.

In May 1971, Luliang area was established, Fangshan County was restored, and Loufan and Jiaokou counties were newly established; in April 1972, Loufan County was assigned to Taiyuan city; on October 5, 1971, Liulin County was newly established. In 1992, Xiaoyi county was set up as a city. In 1996, Lishi and Fenyang county were set up as a city.

On October 23, 2003, the State Council approved the establishment of Lvliang into a city by withdrawing land. At the same time, Lishi under its jurisdiction was changed from a county-level city to a municipal district, and Xiaoyi and Fenyang under its jurisdiction were changed into two county-level cities directly under the central government of Shanxi Province and entrusted by Lvliang City. On July 9, 2004, Luliang City was officially established.

administrative division

By the end of 2019, Luliang City has one municipal district, 10 counties and two county-level cities.

geographical environment

position

Luliang City is located in the west side of the central part of Shanxi Province. It is named because the Luliang mountains run through the whole area. The geographical coordinates are 36 ° 43 '- 38 ° 43' n, 110 ° 22 '- 112 ° 19' e, facing Shaanxi across the Yellow River in the west, Taiyuan and Jinzhong in the East, Linfen in the South and Xinzhou in the north.

terrain

Luliang City is located in the middle of the Luliang mountains. The terrain is high in the middle and low in the two wings. The Luliang mountains run through the whole territory from north to south, with an average sea level of 1000-2000 meters. Guandi mountain, the main peak, is 2831 meters above sea level, the highest peak of Luliang Mountain. On both sides of the mountain, the hills rise and fall, and the gullies grow

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Lv Liang Shi