Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province

Qingyuan Qingyuan, a prefecture level city in Guangdong Province, is one of the cities in Guangzhou metropolitan area, located in the middle and upper reaches of Beijiang River. As early as the Neolithic age, there were ancestors living in this land, creating a brilliant prehistoric civilization.

Qingyuan City is located in the north central part of Guangdong Province, the middle reaches of Beijiang River, the south side of Nanling mountains and the Pearl River Delta. It is located between 23 ° 26 ′ 56 ″～ 25 ° 11 ′ 40 ″ N and 111 ° 55 ′ 17 ″～ 113 ° 55 ′ 34 ″ e, connecting Guangzhou and Foshan City in the south, Hunan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the north, Shaoguan City in the East and northeast, Zhaoqing City in the West and southwest. It is 190 km from the north to the south, 230 km from the east to the west, with a boundary line of more than 1200 km. Qingyuan City has a total land area of 19000 square kilometers, accounting for about 10.6% of the total land area of the province. It is the largest prefecture level city in Guangdong Province.

Qingyuan is connected with the Pearl River Delta region with Guangzhou as the center. In history, the southern part of Qingyuan used to be under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou government for a long time. Like Guangfu cultural circle, Qingyuan culture has a deep relationship in history, geography and ethnic groups. It is an important part of the regional plate of Guangfu culture. Qingyuan enjoys the local legislative power, and is the planning coordination city in the Pearl River Delta, such as the integration of Guangzhou and Foshan, the integration of Guangzhou and Qing, and Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhaoqing.

In Qingyuan, he Dan, a doctor in the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Zhan, a prime minister twice in the Tang Dynasty, and Meng Binyu, a poet in the Southern Tang Dynasty, appeared successively. As early as the Tang Dynasty, and as late as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qingyuan's Cliff stone carvings have a wide range of contents and colorful calligraphy, including Han Yu, Zhou Dunyi, Su Shi and other celebrities' inscriptions.

Historical evolution

In 214 BC, Qin Shihuang pacified South Vietnam and established Nanhai County, Guilin county and Xiang County in Lingnan area. Today, most of Guangdong is under the management of Nanhai county. Nanhai County governs four counties and one district, namely Panyu County, Longchuan County, Sihui County, Fuluo county (BOLUO county) and Jieyang garrison. The county is located in Panyu (now Guangzhou). At that time, there was no administrative district in Qingyuan City. Today, the south of Qingyuan City is under the management of Panyu County, and the north of Qingyuan City is under the management of Changsha County.

Qingyuan

At the end of the Qin Dynasty (206 BC), Zhao Tuo, the commander of Nanyue, supported his troops and established the state of Nanyue. During the period of Nanyue, the southern part of Qingyuan was still under the jurisdiction of Panyu county. The earliest administrative district in Qingyuan City was established as Guiyang County (now Lianzhou and other places). It is generally believed that it was established in the early years of Wendi (179-164 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty or earlier and belonged to Guiyang County of Jingzhou.

In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty sent troops to the south to end the rule of Nanyue. In the same year, four counties, Zhongsu, Yangshan, Hanling and Zhenyang, were established in Qingyuan. Among them, Zhongsu county is subordinate to Nanhai County of Jiaozhi, Yangshan County, Hanfu county and Zhenyang county (including Xianfu county and Zhenyang county are now Yingde City), and it is subordinate to Guiyang County of Jingzhou. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the establishment and subordination of border administrative districts in Qingyuan changed slightly. In the eighth year of Jian'an (203), Jiaozhi was changed to Jiaozhou, which governed Guangxin. In 210, the government of Jiaozhou moved to Panyu, and Guangzhou became the political center of the provincial administrative region. Zhongsu county was changed from Nanhai County of Jiaozhi to Nanhai County of Jiaozhou. In 220, Yangshan County was merged into Hanling county.

During the period of the Three Kingdoms, in 226, Sun Quan set up Guangzhou as Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin and Gaoliang counties in the east of Jiaozhou, which was the first time in history. In the first year of Wu Ganlu (265), Yangshan County was restored, and it belonged to the newly established Shixing County of Jingzhou with Guiyang, Hanling, Zhenyang and Zhongsu counties. Qingyuan belongs to Jingzhou, the state of Wu.

In the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316), the first year of Taikang (280), Wu Kingdom perished. Shixing County, which originally belonged to Jingzhou, was subordinate to Guangzhou, and Qingyuan was subordinate to Guangzhou. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), Shixing County was transferred from Guangzhou to Xiangzhou, which was separated from Jingzhou. Qingyuan belonged to Xiangzhou.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, after the fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, song, Qi, Liang and Chen dynasties were successively established in the south, which formed a confrontation with the Northern Wei Dynasty. At that time, the administrative divisions changed a lot, and the territory of many counties was unknown. In 472, Shixing County of Xiangzhou was renamed Guangxing county. Qingyuan City belongs to Guangxing county. In 479, Guangxing county was changed back to Shixing County. Qingyuan City belongs to Shixing County. In the sixth year of Liang Tianjian (507), Emperor Wu of Liang set up Qingyuan County in Zhongsu County, which was under the jurisdiction of Zhongsu county (now Qingcheng, Qingxin), Weizheng County, Lianping County, enqia county and Fuhu county (the latter four counties are unknown), and was subordinate to Guangzhou. This is the beginning of Qingyuan. In the same year, Emperor Liang Wu set up Hengzhou and Yangshan counties in Hanli county (today's Fuzhen town). Hengzhou governs Yangshan County and Shixing County (today's Shaoguan City). Yangshan County governs Yangshan, Guiyang, Hanli, Zhenyang, Guangde (today's Lianshan county was established in 506, later renamed Guangze) and other counties. During this period, Qingyuan City had one provincial administrative district (Hengzhou) and two prefecture level administrative districts, which could be called brilliant. In 546, Hengzhou was divided into the East and the West. The East was located in Qujiang, while the West was still in Hanling county. West Hengzhou leads three counties of Yangshan, liangle and Qile. Yangshan County governs four counties, namely, Haifu, Yangshan, Guiyang and Guangde; liangle County governs liangle county (now Yangshan County, later renamed xuanle) and Gaian county (county land is unknown); Qile County governs Xiping County (now Liannan and Lianshan County, later renamed Xiping County). Zhenyang county belongs to East Hengzhou Shixing County. In the fourth year of Chen Taijian (572), Wengyuan County was under the jurisdiction of Qingyuan County, and other administrative districts in the city remained unchanged.

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty began to adjust and merge administrative regions on a large scale in view of the abuse of prefectures and counties in the northern and Southern Dynasties. In 590, Qingyuan County and its affiliated Zhongsu and Wengyuan counties were abolished, Qingyuan County and Zhengbin county (now Qingxin Binjiang area) were set up, and they were subordinate to Nanhai County of Guangzhou; Yangshan County was changed to Lianzhou, and xihengzhou was changed to Luozhou. From then on, Qingyuan County began to exist as a political District, and it lasted until 1988 when Qingyuan County was established, which lasted for nearly 1400 years.

Sui kaihuang 20 years (600 years), the abolition of the state with the county. Renshou first year (601), Guangze County renamed Lianshan county. In the third year of Daye (607), Qingyuan County, Zhengbin county and Hanling County belonged to Nanhai County of Guangzhou, while Guiyang County, Yangshan County, Lianshan County, xuanle County, Gaian county and Xiping County belonged to Xiping County of Lianzhou. In 617, xuanle county was merged into Yangshan County. From this period, the southern region of Qingyuan (including Qingcheng, Qingxin, Fogang and Yingde) was under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou for a long time.

There are two major changes in the administrative divisions of Tang Dynasty compared with Sui Dynasty: one is to change counties into prefectures (once changed prefectures into prefectures in Tianbao years); the other is to set up roads above prefectures, forming a three-level administrative system of Dao, Zhou and county. During this period, there were some changes in the administrative districts of Qingyuan City. In 621, Xiping County was merged into Lianshan county. In 623, Zhengbin county was merged into Qingyuan County. In the 29th year of Kaiyuan (741), Qingyuan, Fuqing (in 627, Fuqing was changed from Fuqing to Fuqing) and Yangshan were under the jurisdiction of Lingnan Road Guangzhou Dudu Fu; in the first year of Tianbao (742), Lianzhou was changed into Lianshan County, which was under the jurisdiction of Lingnan road and governed Yangshan, Guiyang and Lianshan counties. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Lianshan county was changed to Lianzhou.

During the Five Dynasties, Liu Yan became emperor in Guangzhou and established the Southern Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of qianheng (920), the Southern Han Dynasty established Yingzhou in Zhenyang and led Zhenyang into a county. In the 15th year of Qianhe (956), Qingyuan County and Fuling county were directly under the jurisdiction of xingwangfu (Guangzhou), Guiyang County, Yangshan County and Lianshan county were under the jurisdiction of Lianzhou, Zhenyang county was under the jurisdiction of Yingzhou.

The administrative division of Song Dynasty basically adopted the system of Tang Dynasty. In 997, there were 15 roads in the whole country. Guangnan road evolved from Lingnan road in Tang Dynasty was divided into Guangnan East Road and Guangnan West Road. The names of Guangdong and Guangxi were simplified. During this period, the administrative districts of Qingyuan city changed slightly. In the fifth year of Kaibao (972) of the Northern Song Dynasty, the name of Fuling was changed to Fuling. In the first year of Qianxing (1022), Zhenyang was renamed Zhenyang. In the first year of Zhenghe (1111), Qingyuan County belonged to Guangnan East Road, Guangzhou; Guiyang, Yangshan and Lianshan counties belonged to Lianzhou; Zhenyang and Jue counties belonged to Yingzhou. In the sixth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1136), Lianshan county was abolished, and the county was restored 12 years later, which was renamed Chengshan county. In the first year of Qingyuan (1195), Yingzhou was promoted to Yingde Prefecture.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the administrative divisions in Lingnan were divided into four levels: Province, road, road (state, government, Department) and county. Today, Guangdong Province is divided into Jiangxi Province and Huguang province. Today Qingyuan is under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Road (Guangnan East Road in Song Dynasty) of Jiangxi Province. In 1276, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty set up a pacification department in Chengshan county and led Chengshan and Yangshan counties. In the 15th year of Zhiyuan, Chengshan county was renamed Lianshan county. In the 17th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, the Anfusi was abolished and the office of the general manager of Lianzhou road was set up to govern Lianshan. In the 15th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, Yingde mansion was changed into Yingde road governor mansion, and in the 23rd year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, it was reduced to Zhou. In the 27th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, Jue county and Zhenyang county were merged into yingdezhou. In 1130, Qingyuan County was under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou road, Guangdong Road; yingdezhou county was under the jurisdiction of Wengyuan County, guiyangzhou County, and Lianzhou county was under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou road.

In the Ming Dynasty, the administrative divisions were divided into three levels: Chief Secretary (at the beginning of the period), government (Zhili prefecture), and county (Sanzhou). In the second year of Hongwu (1369), Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty changed Guangdong Road to Guangdong Province (renamed Guangdong chief in 1376), and changed haibeihai South Road to Guangdong Province, making Guangdong one of the thirteen provinces in the Ming Dynasty. Moreover, the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island, which used to belong to the same region as Guangxi for a long time, are under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Qing Yuan Shi