Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with its capital in Maqin County, is one of the eight prefecture level administrative regions in Qinghai Province. It is located in the southeast of Qinghai Province in China, adjacent to Gannan and Huangnan in the East, ABA and Ganzi in the south, Yushu in the west, and Haixi and Hainan in the North. It has a plateau continental climate with an altitude of more than 4200 meters. With a total area of 76400 square kilometers and six counties under its jurisdiction, the prefecture has a total population of 205700 in 2017.

There are Animaqing peak and Nianbaoyuze peak in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; there are Zaling lake and Eling Lake, which are called baihaishen Lake in ancient times, and their historical stories of Tibetan Han marriage; there are ancient temples and cultural landscapes such as laga, Baiyu and chalang. Due to its special geographical location and natural environment, the autonomous prefecture is listed as the largest natural environment protection area in China - "Sanjiangyuan" nature reserve.

Historical evolution

Guoluo was called Oro and guoluoke in ancient times. It was the place of Dangxiang Qiang in ancient times.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was established in Guanzhou (now the southern part of Guoluo) < / I >, Shanju, Fengyan, Yanyuan and other prefectures, which later came under the jurisdiction of Tubo.

Song Dynasty belongs to Tubo regime.

Yuan belongs to the Xuanwei Department of Tubo and other roads.

The Ming Dynasty belongs to the Department of mission and comfort of duogansi.

In the Qing Dynasty, Jackie Chan, Yidao, Songpan, zhanglaying.

In 1929, it was directly under the central government of Qinghai Province, with Guoluo administrative supervision district and the third administrative supervision district of Qinghai Province. In 1946, the existing organization was abolished, and the Guoluo Tibetan ministries were still managed by the tribal leaders.

In 1950, Guoluo district was set up as a district directly under Qinghai Province.

In June 1952, the northwest military and political commission established the Guoluo working group. On August 4, the working group moved into gologimai.

On January 1, 1954, Guoluo district was re established as Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Region (equivalent to district level) < / I >, and the people's Government of the autonomous region was stationed in chalang temple. In December, Gande county was established, and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Region governs one county.

On July 2, 1955, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Region was transformed into Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The people's Committee of the Prefecture was stationed in Jimai, dari County, and governed four counties, namely Gande, Jiuzhi, Bama and dari.

In 1957, Maduo County was set up in some areas of Gande county and located along the Yellow River; Maqin county was set up in some areas of dari county and Gande county and located in the central station (yigaiqi); 6 counties were under the jurisdiction of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

In 1958, the people's Committee of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was stationed in maicang, Gande county.

In 1959, the people's Committee of the Autonomous Prefecture moved to Maqin County; Maduo County was assigned to Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; Tongde County, originally belonging to Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, was assigned to Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; dari county was moved to Jimai; Maqin county was moved to Dawu by yigaiqi.

In 1962, Tongde County was transferred to Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and Maduo County was transferred from Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

As of 2017, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over six counties: Maqin, Bama, Gande, dari, Jiuzhi and Maduo. The local people's government is located in Maqin county.

geographical environment

Location context

Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southeast of Qinghai Province, between Bayankala mountain and Animaqing mountain in the hinterland of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Its geographical coordinates are between 97 ° 54 ′ - 101 ° 50 ′ E and 32 ° 31 ′ - 35 ° 40 ′ n. It is adjacent to Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province and Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province in the East, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province in the west, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the north. The total area of the prefecture is 76400 square kilometers, accounting for 10.54% of the total area of the province.

topographic features

The average altitude of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is more than 4200 meters, and the area with an altitude of 4000-5000 meters accounts for about 80% of the total area of the region. In the northwest, the altitude is mostly between 4000-5000 meters, and the terrain fluctuates little. The elevation difference is mostly between 500-1000 meters, and the slope is relatively gentle. In the southeast, the altitude is 3500-4000 meters, but the terrain fluctuates greatly. The elevation difference is generally between 1000-2100 meters, and the slope is 45-50 degrees, and the maximum is 8 degrees 0 ° above. The whole terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast, with high northwest, many hills and gentle terrain; low southeast, many mountains, steep slopes and deep valleys. Bayankala mountain stretches across the whole Prefecture from west to East. It is the main mountain range in the prefecture, and forms the watershed of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River with the main ridge as the boundary. The mountain is majestic and magnificent. The top of the mountain is covered with snow, and the silver light shines from afar. Maqinggangri, the main peak of Animaqing snow mountain, is 6282 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak in southern Qinghai, with modern glaciers.

climate

Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has a typical plateau continental climate characteristics, such as high cold and hypoxia, low temperature, strong light radiation and large temperature difference between day and night. The terrain of Guoluo is high and steep. It is easy to be affected by the cold current in the north and northwest. It has long sunshine time, more rainfall (snow), large evaporation and frequent gales. The average annual temperature is minus 4 ℃. The annual precipitation is 400-760 mm. Due to the influence of topography, there are three precipitation areas. The average annual precipitation in banma and Jiuzhi, which are relatively humid in Southeast China, is 655.8-759.8 mm, and the annual precipitation days are about 175 days. The average annual precipitation of the central station and Maduo area in the northwest is 306 mm, and the annual precipitation days are about 120 days. The average annual precipitation in Dawu, Jimai and Gande is 474-540.9 mm, and the annual precipitation days are 118-162 days.

hydrology

There are 36 large and small rivers in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with a total flow of more than 3300 km, flowing into the Yellow River and the Yangtze River respectively. The Yellow River is the largest river in the prefecture. It flows through Maduo, dari, Gande, Jiuzhi and Maqin counties, with a flow length of 760 km. Mako River and duoke River in Bama County are the upper reaches of Dadu River, and belong to the Yangtze River system with Niqu River in dari county.

natural resources

plant resources

Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is rich in medicinal animal and plant resources. Cordyceps sinensis, snow lotus, rhubarb, Rhodiola, Fritillaria, Gentiana, angelica, Codonopsis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, astragalus, notopterygium and other medicinal plants are all over most of the prefecture. The autonomous prefecture has a forest area of 20.85 million hectares, distributed along the banks of the Mako River and the duoke River in banma county and the Yellow River Valley in Maqin county. There are more than 90 species of woody plants in 30 families, and the volume of standing trees is 5.7922 million cubic meters.

Animal resources

The wild animals in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are white lipped deer, red deer, musk deer, brown bear, alpine snow pheasant, etc.; the precious fur animals are otter, Himalayan marmot, red fox, sand fox, lynx, leopard, snow leopard, etc.; the meat birds and animals are yellow goat, rock sheep, rock pigeon, Red duck, etc.; the rare birds and animals are wild donkey, argali, macaque, Sumen antelope, black necked Crane, white eared pheasant, etc Blue eared pheasant, etc. Fish are widely distributed in the rivers, rivers and lakes of Quanzhou. In the Zhaling lake and Eling Lake of Maduo County and the connecting rivers of the two lakes, the Yellow River and the lakes around Nianbaoyuze of Jiuzhi County, the fish reserves are very large. The main fishes are gymnocyprinus carpio var. maculatus, hemipharyngeal rodent, Yellow River fish with thick bone lip, Yellow River naked split Jiri, Yellow River Yellow River Yellow River fish without scale, etc.

mineral resources

There are more than 10 kinds of proven minerals in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, such as gold, silver, copper, cobalt, sulfur, cadmium, coal and limestone. Among them, gold, silver, copper, cobalt, sulfur and limestone have large reserves, high grade and easy to exploit. Six non-ferrous metal deposits, nine ore spots and nine mineralization spots have been preliminarily proved. The Derni copper mine, 27 kilometers southwest of Dawu, is a large-scale copper cobalt deposit that has been proved in China, ranking the top five in China. Copper, cobalt, sulfur and gold are medium-sized, with potential economic value of tens of billions of yuan. The mine is under development and utilization; three medium-sized placer gold deposits have been proved in precious metal minerals, with potential economic value of tens of billions of yuan There are 11 points, 1 small rock gold deposit and 3 mineralization points, and the proven coal reserves are 12 million tons. In addition, limestone, granite, jade and other non-metal are also widely distributed.

population

In 2019, the birth rate will be 17.90 ‰, the death rate will be 5.15 ‰, and the natural growth rate will be 12.75 ‰. The total number of households in the prefecture is 61127, with a permanent population of 211588 by the end of 2019. Among them, the Tibetan population is 194237, accounting for 91.80% of the total population; the agricultural and animal husbandry population is 161942, accounting for 76.54% of the total population. The urbanization rate of permanent residents in the Prefecture was 28.02%.

Economics

overview

In 2019, the prefecture's GDP will reach 4618.35 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 839.65 million yuan, up 3.8% year on year; the added value of the secondary industry was 1605.29 million yuan, up 10.4% year on year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 2173.41 million yuan, up 6.5% year on year. The per capita GDP of the Prefecture was 21990 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.22%. From the perspective of the three industrial structures, the proportion of the primary industry in the GDP was 18.18%, increased by 0.28 percentage points year on year; the proportion of the secondary industry was 34.76%, increased by 0.28 percentage points year on year; the proportion of the tertiary industry was 47.06%, decreased by 0.56 percentage points year on year. The ratio of three industries changed from 17.90:34.48:47.62 to 18.18:34.76:47.06.

In 2019, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society will be 407033 million yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 26.70%. There are 520 projects with more than 5 million yuan in the prefecture. From the perspective of three industrial investments, the investment in the primary industry was 133.13 million yuan, down 8.0% year on year

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Guo Luo Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou