Huangshan City, Anhui Province

Huangshan Huangshan, a prefecture level city in Anhui Province, was formerly known as Xin'an, Shezhou and Huizhou. It is located at the junction of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. It borders Jingdezhen city and Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province in the southwest, Kaihua, Chun'an and Lin'an counties in Zhejiang Province in the southeast, Jixi, Jingde and Jing counties in Xuancheng City in Anhui Province in the northeast, Shitai, Qingyang and Dongzhi counties in Chizhou City in the northwest, with a total area of 9807 square kilometers Rice.

Huangshan City, known as Huizhou in ancient times, is not only the hometown of Huizhou merchants, but also an important birthplace of Huizhou culture. Xin'an painting school, Xin'an medicine, Huizhou architecture, Huizhou four sculptures and Huizhou bonsai have far-reaching influence. Huizhou opera is the predecessor of Beijing opera, and Huizhou cuisine is one of the eight major cuisines in China. Huangshan in Huangshan City is a world natural and cultural heritage, while Xidi and Hongcun in southern Anhui are world cultural heritage.

In 2019, Huangshan City governs three districts and four counties with a permanent resident population of 1421000. In 2020, the city's GDP will reach 85.04 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8% over the previous year. In terms of industries, the added value of the primary industry will reach 6.72 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%; the added value of the secondary industry will reach 29.5 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7%; and the added value of the tertiary industry will reach 48.82 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3%.

Historical evolution

The origin of Huangshan civilization can be traced back to more than 5000 years ago. Cultural relics unearthed from Shexian, Qimen and other places show that the area of Huangshan City today has been inhabited by ancestors as early as the Paleolithic period. In the Neolithic age, the ancestors there had created primitive aboriginal culture.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, this area first belonged to Wu, then to Yue when Wu died, and then to Chu when Yue died. It was not until the 24th year of Ying Zheng (223 BC) that Chu was destroyed. But these are only geographical attribution, not substantive jurisdiction. At that time, it was still a relatively independent area of influence of the ancient Yue aborigines.

In 221 B.C., the first emperor of Qin unified China in the 26th year. The first emperor of Qin carried out the system of prefectures and counties, which belonged to Kuaiji Prefecture. In the first month of the 37th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (210 BC), Ying Zheng, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, toured east to Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). In order to strengthen the rule over the southeast region, he moved the people of the former Yue State to the upper reaches of Xin'an River, and established two counties, namely zhe (she after Song Dynasty) and she, which belong to Zhang county. This is the earliest administrative division of Huangshan City, 2218 years ago. The county names of "zhe" and "she" come from the pronunciation of place names in ancient Yue language. At that time, Zho and she counties had a wide jurisdiction. Shexian includes Shexian, Xiuning, Tunxi, Huizhou, Jixi, Chun'an in Zhejiang and Wuyuan in Jiangxi. Zhe county includes Yi County, Qimen, Shitai, Guangde and a part of Huangshan District.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, Zho and she belonged to Chu state, Jing state, Wu state and Jiangdu state, and later to Danyang county. In the second year of Hongjia (19 BC), Zoe county was changed into Guangde Kingdom, and Guangde King City was located at Wuli East of Yi county. Shexian county belongs to Danyang county. In the second year, Guangde kingdom was abolished and Zoe county was established. In the second year of the first year of emperor Hanping, Guangde kingdom was established. Wang Mang usurped power and established a new dynasty. In the second year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (10 years), he demoted King Guangde as a duke and changed Zoe County into a royal court. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three kingdoms were at the same time. Zho and she belong to the territory of Soochow. At that time, the Yue aborigines and some Han people who took refuge in the mountain forest were called "Shanyue" because they "resisted danger according to the mountain and didn't accept the rent of the king", and their influence became increasingly powerful, which posed a serious threat to the rule of Soochow. Han Jian'an 13 years (208 years). After he Qi, the "mighty Zhonglang general" dispatched by Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, conquered the Shanyue tribes such as Jinqi and maogan in Shexian County, Chenpu and Zushan in Shexian County, he divided Shexian County into six counties: Shixin County in the East, Xinding County in the south, Liyang county and Xiuyang County in the west, and Jiashe county and Shexian county. The old city is in the west of Chun'an County, Zhejiang Province. This is the beginning of the administrative setup of prefecture level in Huangshan City, which has become a relatively independent administrative division since then.

In the first year of Wu Yong'an in the Three Kingdoms (258), Xiuyang county was changed to Haiyang county to avoid the name taboo of Wu Lord Sun Xiu.

In the first year of Taikang (280), Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed the state of Wu and changed Xindu county to Xin'an County, Xinding county to sui'an County, and Haiyang county to Haining county. Xin'an County governs Shixin County, Zou County, Shexian County, Suian County, Liyang county and Haining county. The name of the county is Xin'an, which means stability.

In the southern and Northern Dynasties, in 464, Liyang County entered Haining county. In the third year of Liang Dynasty (522), shouchang County of Wu County was assigned to Xin'an County, and in the first year of Datong (535), Huayang town of she county was assigned to Liang'an county. The second year of Chengsheng (553) of emperor Liang Yuan analyzed Haining, Zhe and she, and reestablished Liyang county. There were two counties. One is Xinning County, which governs Haining, Zhe, she and Liyang counties and governs Haining; the other is Xin'an County, which governs Shixin, Suian, shouchang and Liangan counties and governs Haining. In 562, Emperor Chen Wendi merged Xinning County into Xin'an County and Liyang County into Haining county. Xin'an County governs she, Zhe, Haining, Shixin, sui'an and shouchang.

The Sui Dynasty reunified China. In the ninth year of kaihuang (589), Xinxian was changed into Xin'an County, and sui'an and shouchang entered Xin'an County, which was subordinate to Wuzhou. Xin'an County was changed into Shezhou, which led Haining, Zhe and Shexian counties to govern Haining (once said, Zhe and she entered Haining, which belonged to Wuzhou). In the 11th year of kaihuang reign, Shezhou governed the counties of Zhe, she and Haining, and ruled the county. In the 18th year of kaihuang reign, the words "Xiuyang" and "Haining" were used to change Haining County into Xiuning County. The county was governed by Wansui mountain (also known as Wanshou mountain, which is the ancient city rock in the east of Wan'an town of Xiuning County). In the third year of Daye (607), Shezhou was transformed into Xin'an County, which governed Xiuning, Zhe and Shexian counties. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, there was turmoil. In the 12th year of Daye, Wang Hua of Shexian county set up an army to occupy Shezhou and six states including Xuan, hang, mu, Wu and Rao, known as the king of Wu. Wangcheng is located in Wan'an Wansui mountain in Xiuning, which is the origin of Wansui mountain, also known as Gucheng rock. The next year, he moved to wuliaoshan, Shexian county.

In 621, Wang Hua was attached to the Tang Dynasty and was granted the title of Yue Guogong. Xinan county was rebuilt as Shezhou, and Shexian county was governed by Shezhou. He also set up Shezhou general manager in Shexian County, and Wang Huawei, the Duke of Yue, was in charge of the official envoys of Shezhou, Xuanzhou, Hangzhou, muzhou, Wuzhou and Rao. In the seventh year of Wude, the general manager's office was changed into the governor's office. Yonghui five years (654 years) pingmuzhou woman Chen shuozhen uprising, analysis of Shexian to set up in Beiye county. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Hong Zhen, a native of Xiuning, revolted. He planned Xiuning to return to Yuxiang and Huaijin township of Leping to set up Wuyuan County. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Shezhou was changed into Xin'an County, which governed Shezhou, Xiuning, Zhe, Beiye and Wuyuan counties. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Shezhou was rebuilt. In the first year of Dali (766), during the uprising of the Qing Dynasty, guide county was set up in Shexian and Xiuning, Qimen County was set up in Chishan town of Shexian and Fuliang town of Raozhou, and Jixi County was set up in Huayang town of Shexian. In the fifth year of Dali, Beiye county was abolished and guide county was abolished and Xiuning County was abolished. Shezhou governs she, Xiuning, Zhe, Jixi, Wuyuan and Qimen counties. From then on, the pattern of "one Prefecture and six counties" lasted for more than 1700 years to the end of Qing Dynasty was formed.

In the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Shezhou belonged to Wu and Southern Tang (Jiangnan).

In the third year of Xuanhe of Song Dynasty (1121), the people of pingshezhou revolted and changed Shezhou into Huizhou, governing Shexian, Xiuning, Shexian, Jixi, Wuyuan and Qimen counties. The origin of the name of Huizhou is that there are Huiling and Huixi in Jixi, and that "Hui" means beauty. In fact, the original meaning of "Hui" is "rope" and "binding", and its name expresses the Song Dynasty's desire to strengthen the restraint and rule of this land after "turbulence". From then on, until the third year of Xuantong (1911) of the Qing Dynasty in 790 years, as the name of the state capital, Huizhou has not changed.

In 1277, Huizhou was changed to Huizhou road. In the first year of Yuanzhen (1295), Wuyuan County was promoted as a prefecture, and Huizhou road led to she, Xiuning, she, Jixi, Qimen County and Wuyuan Prefecture. In 1357, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Huizhou and changed Huizhou road into Xing'an mansion. In the 24th year of Zhizheng reign, it was changed into Huizhou Prefecture.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Zhongshu province was once an important base of Zhu Yuanzhang. In the second year of Hongwu, Wuyuan Prefecture was demoted as a county. In the eighth year of Hongwu reign, there were six Zhili departments in Huizhou Prefecture. In the first year of Yongle (1403), it was renamed nanzhili.

In 1645, Huizhou government was subordinate to Jiangnan province. In July of 1667, Emperor Kangxi approved the establishment of Anhui Province (the name of Anhui Province is named "anqing" and "Huizhou"). Huizhou government was changed to Anhui Province, and later to Huining road and Huining chitai road. Qianlong 26 years (1761) under Anhui buzhengshi. In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), it was transferred to taiguangdao and Wannan town in Huining. Because of the fierce war between the Qing army and Taiping Army in this area, Huizhou government was under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang governor. In 1865, it returned to Anhui Province.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the government left the county, and the counties of Huizhou were directly under Anhui Province. In 1931, the system of "chief county magistrate" was implemented, which originally belonged to the chief county magistrate of Huizhou. In October 1932, the tenth administrative supervision district of Anhui Province was set up, with jurisdiction over six counties of Xiuning, Wuyuan, Qimen, she, she and Jixi. In July of 1934, Wuyuan County was assigned to Jiangxi Province, and the scholars and people of Wuyuan County and the counties originally belonging to Huizhou immediately launched the "Wuyuan back to Anhui movement". In April 1938, the South Anhui administrative office was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Tunxi and the tenth administrative supervision district. In March of 1939, the Tenth District Office was abolished and its name was reserved. All counties were directly under the administration of Southern Anhui. In August of the same year, the original Tenth District was changed into the seventh district, which governs six counties of Xiuning, Shehe, Shehe, Qimen, Jixi and Jingde. The 36th year of the Republic of China (1)

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