Fujian

Fujian Province, referred to as "Min", is a provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China. Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, is located on the southeast coast of China, adjacent to Zhejiang Province in the northeast, Jiangxi Province in the northwest, Guangdong Province in the southwest, and Taiwan Province across the Taiwan Strait in the southeast. Fujian Province has a total land area of 121400 square kilometers.
Fujian's topography is "close to the mountains and the sea". The topography is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The mountainous and hilly areas in Fujian account for about 90% of the total area of the whole province. It crosses the four water systems of Minjiang River, Jinjiang River, Jiulongjiang River and Tingjiang River, and belongs to subtropical marine monsoon climate.
By the end of 2019, Fujian Province has nine prefecture level cities, including Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Putian, Longyan, Sanming, Nanping and Ningde, with a total of 12 county-level cities, 44 counties and 29 municipal districts.
By the end of 2018, Fujian had a permanent resident population of 39.41 million, realizing a GDP of 3580.404 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 237.982 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; the added value of the secondary industry was 1723.236 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 1619.186 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8%. The added value of the primary industry accounted for 6.7% of the GDP, the added value of the secondary industry accounted for 48.1%, and the added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 45.2%. The annual per capita GDP was 91197 yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year. Of the 31 provinces in Chinese mainland, GDP ranked tenth and GDP per capita ranked sixth. In October 2019, it will be selected into the national digital economy innovation and development pilot zone.
Historical evolution
The origin of the name
Because the territory of Fuzhou, Jianzhou two Fu, take their first word and named. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty (733), Fujian economic and strategic envoy was set up.
Evolution of organizational system
Fujian belongs to the Minyue tribe of Baiyue in ancient times, and Yugong belongs to Yangzhou. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was the land of seven mins, and after the spring and Autumn period, it was the state of Minyue. Qinnanping Baiyue, home Minzhong county.
In the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (202 BC), he admitted that he wuzhu was the king of Fujian and Yue. In 193 B.C., Huidi of the Han Dynasty was divided into Fujian and Vietnam, where he was granted the title of king of the East China Sea. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (135bc), Fuchou, the grandson of Fuwu, was granted the title of king of Minyao, and Yu Shan was re granted the title of king of Dongyue. In the fifth year of Yuanding (112BC), the rebellion of Minyue state was put down by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and because of its dangerous location, Minyue people moved to the Jianghuai River Valley, and Fujian was under the jurisdiction of the southern Duwei of Kuaiji.
After the northward migration of Minyue Kingdom, Fujian was under the military control of the Dynasty from the Han Dynasty's recognition of Yexian and establishment of the eastern Duwei in the second year of the first Yuan Dynasty (85 BC), and from Yexian to Zhang'an (Huipu) by the eastern Duwei, leaving the Hou Guan to manage Yexian and subordinate to Kuaiji County, to the establishment of the southern Duwei, and then to the formal establishment of Jian'an County in the twelfth year of Jian'an (207 BC).
During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to the state of Wu, with Jian'an County, covering 9 counties, namely Jian'an, Nanping, Jiangle, Jianping (Jianyang), Dongping (Songxi), Zhaowu, Wuxing (Pucheng), Houguan and Dong'an (Nan'an and Tong'an).
In the third year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (282), Jian'an county was divided into Jian'an and Jin'an counties. In the period of Liang Tianjian (502-519), another Liang'an county was separated from Jin'an County, which governed Xinghua, Quan and Zhang. From the Jin and Song Dynasties to the Qi and Liang dynasties, Fujian belonged to Yangzhou at the beginning. In 525, Jian'an, Jin'an and Nan'an counties under Fujian were under the jurisdiction of East Yangzhou. During the reign of Chen Chaoyong (557-559), Emperor Chen Wu set up minzhou for Jimi Chen Baoying, which was the first provincial system in Fujian history. The prefecture is located in Jin'an (today's Fuzhou), with three counties, namely Jian, Jin and Nan. In 565, minzhou was still east Yangzhou.
In the third year of Daye of Sui Dynasty (607), Jian'an, Jin'an and Nan'an were merged into one county, which was called Jian'an County; the original 15 counties were merged into four counties (namely Min County, Jian'an, Nan'an and Longxi). The county government was transferred from Jian'an (Jian'an) to Min county. In the early years of Wude of Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou, Jianfeng and Fengzhou were established, and 10 counties were under its jurisdiction. The number of States and counties is two to three times that of Sui Dynasty.
In Tang Dynasty, Fujian belonged to Jiangnan Road. In the second year of Jingyun (711), the governor of minzhou Prefecture was established, with five prefectures of minzhou, Jianzhou, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), the governor's office of minzhou was renamed as the governor's office of Fuzhou, which belonged to the south of the Yangtze River. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), in order to strengthen the armed forces of border defense, the military chief economic officer was set up. From Fuzhou, Jianzhou each take a word, named Fujian economic strategy military envoy, and Fuzhou dudufu coexist. This is the beginning of Fujian name.
During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Fujian was successively controlled by the states of min, Yin, Nan Tang, Wu and Yue, and the names of its divisions changed several times.
In the fourth year of Changxing in the late Tang Dynasty (933), Wang Yanjun became the emperor and the state name was Damin. He changed the Yuan Dynasty to Longqi and was promoted to Fuzhou as changyuefu, which was called the east capital. It was the five prefectures of lingfu, Quanzhou, Jianting and Zhangzhou.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Fujian road was set up and divided into six prefectures: Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang, Ting, Nanjian, Shaowu and Xinghua. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiaozong was promoted to Jianning Prefecture. Therefore, Fujian road includes one government, five prefectures and two armies. In fact, there are eight administrative organs at the same level, so Fujian is known as "eight Min". At that time, there were 42 counties in Fujian Province, which became the most prosperous country in the southeast. In the first year of song Jingyan (1276), the yuan army conquered Lin'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of Song Dynasty, and Zhao Xian, the emperor of Song Dynasty, was captured. Zhao Shi, the king of Yi and Zhao Min, the king of Guang, fled to Fuzhou. Lu Xiufu and Chen Yizhong supported Zhao Shi to ascend to the throne in Fuzhou, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jingyan, promoted Fuzhou to Fu'an Prefecture and designated it as the capital of the Song Dynasty. Later, because of Wang jiweng's rebellion, nanjianzhou was defeated, and Fuzhou was conquered by Yuan soldiers. The emperor was supported by his courtiers and crossed the sea to Guangdong.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Fujian Province was set up as the province of Zhongshu. In 1278, the province was established in Quanzhou. In 1281, he moved to Fuzhou, and in the next year he ruled Quanzhou. In 1282, he moved to Fuzhou. In 1284, it was incorporated into Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1285), it was restored. The next year, he changed to Shangshu province. In 1290, it was incorporated into Jiangxi Province. In the 29th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1291), it was still set up as the province of Zhongshu. In the first year of Dade (1297), Fujian Province was set up in Pinghai, and Quanzhou was moved to govern. It was abolished in 1299. It was restored in 1356.
In 1368, the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, eight roads in Fujian Province were changed into eight prefectures of Fuzhou, Jianning, Yanping, Shaowu, Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Tingzhou. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Fujian and other places were set up to declare the Department of political envoys. In the ninth year of Chenghua (1473), Funing Prefecture, which was abolished as a county, was restored and was directly under the chief secretary. In the end of Ming Dynasty, Fujian had eight prefectures and one Prefecture. In May of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing army captured Nanjing, and Zhu Yousong, the Hongguang emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, was captured and killed. Zheng Hongkui, Su Guansheng and others welcomed Zhu Yujian, king of the Tang Dynasty, to Fujian. In June, Zhu Yujian became emperor in Fuzhou. He built yuanlongwu, changed Fujian to Fujing and Fuzhou to Tianxing. The following year, the Longwu regime collapsed.
In the Qing Dynasty, Fujian district inherited the Ming system and set up the Fujian chief envoy. The province governs Fuzhou, Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Yanping, Jianning, Shaowu, Tingzhou and Funing. In 1656, Zheng Chenggong changed Xiamen to "Siming Prefecture". In the first year of Kangxi (1662), after Zheng Chenggong expelled the Dutch colonists, he changed Taiwan into the eastern capital, set up chengtianfu, Tianxing and Wannian counties, and set up pacification department in Penghu. When Zheng Jing governed Taiwan, he changed the name of Dongdu to Dongning, and promoted Tianxing and Wannian counties to prefectures. In 1684, after the Qing government unified Taiwan, the Taiwan government was set up under the jurisdiction of Fujian, with three counties and one department. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Funing Prefecture was promoted to Funing Prefecture; in the twelfth year (1734), Yongchun and Longyan counties were promoted to Zhili Prefecture. In 1885, the Taiwan government set up a separate province. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were nine prefectures, two prefectures, 58 counties and two departments in Fujian Province. There are four branches between the province and the government: ningfudao in Fuzhou, which governs Fuzhou and Funing; xingquanyongdao in Xiamen, which governs Xinghua, Quanzhou and Yongchun; tingzhanglongdao in Zhangzhou, which governs Tingzhou, Zhangzhou and Longyan; yanjianshaodao in Nanping, which governs Yanping, Jianning and Shaowu. In addition, the Qing Dynasty set up Fujian and Zhejiang governor (stationed in Fuzhou or Hangzhou) and Fujian governor. The governor and the governor were originally set up temporarily, but they have not yet been abolished. Because of the great power of governor and governor, he became the highest military and civil affairs officer in the whole province. The former official provincial level officers, such as the chief envoy and the chief inspector, became subordinate officials instead. In addition, the Qing Dynasty also set up garrison generals who were in charge of Manchuria garrison flag soldiers. Originally, they had nothing to do with local administration, but they were also in charge of customs, grain storage and salt law.
After the revolution of 1911, all previous central governments were set up in Fujian Province. In 1913, the system of prefectures and prefectures was abolished, and there were four groups of envoys in the East, the south, the West and the north. In 1914-1927, minhai, Xiamen, tingzhang and Jian'an were established; Min county and Houguan were merged into Minhou County, Jian'an and Ouning into Jian'ou County; Yongchun Prefecture and Longyan prefecture were changed into Yongchun County and Longyan County; department system was abolished and Pingtan and Yunxiao were changed into counties; Xiamen island of Tong'an county was established as Siming county. After the reform, there are 4 roads and 61 counties in the province, which is still a provincial, road and county level system. At the end of 1934, the system of Dao was abolished and became a two-level system of province and county. Ten administrative inspector districts were set up in Changle, Fu'an, Nanping, Xianyou, Tong'an, Zhangpu, Longyan, Changting, Shaowu, Pucheng, etc. This is the beginning of the division of Fujian into special areas. After a period of trial, it was further divided into seven administrative supervision districts. Before and after that, the counties and cities were also adjusted. In 1928, Huaan County was designated from Longxi County; in 1933, Siming county was changed to Xiamen City; in 1934, Guangze county was designated to Jiangxi Province; in 1940, Shaxian County, Mingxi County and Yongan county were designated as Sanyuan county and Shuiji county respectively; in 1945, Zheyang county was designated as Xiaxia County In 1946, the Gulou, Nantai and Cangshan of Minhou County were set up as Fuzhou City. In this way, from the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946) to the eve of liberation in 1949, the province was divided into seven administrative supervision districts, two cities and 67 counties. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Fujian Provincial People's government was stationed in Fuzhou City, directly under the central government of Fuzhou and Xiamen, with eight special districts and 67 counties.
From April 1, 1950, the first to the eighth Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision were renamed with the names of the counties in which they were stationed, that is, the first office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was renamed Jian'ou Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision, the second office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was renamed Nanping Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision, the third office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was renamed Fu'an Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision, and the fourth Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision (formerly known as Fuan Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision) Linsen Office of administrative inspector was renamed Minhou Office of administrative inspector, the fifth Office of administrative inspector was renamed Jinjiang Office of administrative inspector, the sixth Office of administrative inspector was renamed Longxi Office of administrative inspector, the seventh Office of administrative inspector was renamed Yong'an Office of administrative inspector, and the eighth Office of administrative inspector was renamed Longyan Office of administrative inspector.
In 1951, Quanzhou City and Zhangzhou city were established as county-level cities under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang District Office and Longxi District Office respectively. Jianou district was renamed Jianyang district.
In 1953, Quanzhou, formerly under the leadership of Jinjiang District, and Zhangzhou, formerly under the leadership of Longxi District, were transferred to provincial jurisdiction.
In 1956, Nanping City was established as a provincial city, and Minhou, Yong'an and Jianyang districts were abolished. Minhou County under the former Minhou special region was changed to be directly under the provincial government, Minqing County under the former Minhou special region was changed to be under the jurisdiction of Nanping special region, Lianjiang county, Changle County and Luoyuan county were changed to be under the jurisdiction of Fuan special region, and Fuqing County, Yongtai County and Pingtan County were changed to be under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang special region. Yongan district was abolished, and Mingxi and Sanyuan counties under its jurisdiction were transferred to Nanping District, Datian County to Jinjiang District, and Yongan, Ninghua and Qingliu to Longyan district. The nine counties under the jurisdiction of Jianou, Pucheng, Shaowu, Jianyang, Chongan, Songxi, Zhenghe, Guangze and Shuiji will all be under the jurisdiction of Nanping. Shuiji County, Zherong county and Ningyang County were abolished, and Sanyuan county and Mingxi County were merged and renamed Sanming county.
In 1958, Quanzhou City, which was originally under the direct jurisdiction of the province, was under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang District, Zhangzhou city was under the jurisdiction of Longxi District, Nanping City was under the jurisdiction of Nanping District, Minhou County was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou City, and Tong'an county was under the jurisdiction of Xiamen city.
In 1959, Minhou district was restored, with eight counties under its jurisdiction, including Minhou, Minqing, Lianjiang, Changle, Luoyuan, Fuqing, Yongtai and Pingtan.
In 1960, Sanming City was established, and Qingning county was set up directly under the provincial government. Qingliu and Ninghua counties were abolished. Nanping County was abolished and merged into Nanping City.
In 1963, Sanming District was established, and Sanming City was under the jurisdiction of Sanming special office.
In 1970, the original Nanping, Fuan, Minhou, Jinjiang, Longxi, Longyan, Sanming and other seven special districts were changed into districts.