Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province

Xuanwu District Xuanwu District is located in the middle of Nanjing city. It is one of the eight districts in the main city of Nanjing. It is an important national center for scientific research, culture and business. It is a modern service industry base in East China. It is the seat of Nanjing municipal Party committee, municipal government and many provincial and municipal organs. It is also the seat of the head of the eastern theater, Eastern theater air force and other forces.

Xuanwu District was founded in 1933, which originated from the first district of the Republic of China. Because Xuanwu Lake, the largest Royal Garden Lake in China, is located in the territory, it is named Xuanwu District. Xuanwu District is the location of the imperial palace of the Six Dynasties of the eastern Wu, the Eastern Jin and the Southern Dynasties of song, Qi, Liang and Chen, the imperial palace of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing, the heavenly king's palace of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the presidential palace of the Republic of China. It has historical and cultural relics such as Zhongshan Mausoleum, Zijin Mountain, Jiming temple, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, and Ming city wall. It has a unique style integrating mountains, water, city, and forest. It is one of the most concentrated tourist attractions in Nanjing.

Xuanwu District has nine institutions of higher learning, including Southeast University, Nanjing University of science and technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Agricultural University, and 22 scientific research institutes, including Nanjing Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Nearly one third of the academicians of the two academies in Jiangsu Province and about half of the provincial key laboratories in Nanjing city are concentrated. Nanjing Museum, one of China's three major museums, Nanjing Library, the fourth largest library in Asia, and Zijinshan Observatory, known as "the cradle of modern astronomy in China", are all located in the territory.

As of 2017, Xuanwu District has 7 streets and 59 communities, with a total area of 75.46 square kilometers, a GDP of 75 billion yuan and a permanent resident population of 602200.

Historical evolution

The jurisdiction of Xuanwu District can be traced back to that of Jinling City in the Warring States period.

In the Qin and Han Dynasties, moling county was in the South and Jiangcheng County was in the north, which successively belonged to Kuaiji County, Zhangjun county and Danyang county.

In the 17th year of Jian'an (212) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan changed moling into Jianye County, which belonged to the southern part of the district. At the same time, abandoned Jiangcheng County was changed into diannongduwei (equivalent to Mintun administrative district at the county level), which belonged to the northern part of the District, and all belonged to Danyang county.

In the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (280), moling county was rebuilt. In 281, the second year of Taikang (the third year of Taikang) was divided into two parts: Jianye (Jianye) in the north of Qinhuai River and moling County in the south. In the first year of Jianxing (313), Ye was rebuilt as Jiankang, and the area was under the jurisdiction of Jiankang and Jiangcheng until the end of the Chen Dynasty.

After the unification of the north and the south in the Sui Dynasty, Jiankang, moling, Jiangcheng and Qiaozhi counties were established as Jiangning County. At this time, the area belongs to Jiangning County, belonging to Jiangzhou.

In the second year of Shangyuan (761), Jiangning was changed into Shangyuan County, and it belonged to Shangyuan County until the end of Qing Dynasty.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the provisional government abolished the two counties of Shangyuan and Jiangning, and set up Nanjing Prefecture, which belongs to Nanjing Prefecture. In the second year of the Republic of China, Nanjing government was removed and Jiangning County was replaced by the old Shangyuan and Jiangning counties. In the 16th year of the Republic of China, the urban area of Jiangning County was changed to Nanjing city.

In March of 1931, the city was divided into 21 autonomous regions, but the progress was slow. Later, it was subdivided into eight administrative regions. Today, Xuanwu District is the first one with a district office. The area is bounded to the east of Zhongshan Road, west of Zhongshan Gate, south of Jiuhua Mountain and north of Zhongshan East Road. It covers an area of 8.85 square kilometers.

In March of 1933, Nanjing was divided into eight administrative divisions, which was the beginning of the establishment of the district level. At that time, Xuanwu District was the first district, No. 4 behind the corridor set by the district government. During the period of Wang puppet regime, when Xuanwu District belonged to the third district, Zhujiang Road was set up by the district government. It is divided into 12 workshops: Danfeng, Jizhao, Beiting, Huiwen, Guanghua, Daguang, Yushi, Fucheng, Yingwei, Taiping, Ruyi and Zhujiang. There are 125 Baojia and 1386 Baojia below the square.

In September of 1934, the demarcation of provinces and cities led to the expansion of Nanjing city. Xiaolingwei District, which was originally under the jurisdiction of Jiangning County, was assigned to Nanjing city. Xiaoling district was established as the Tenth District (rural district) and Yanziji district as the ninth district (rural district). Xiaolingwei Street area and xianhemen administrative village (Xianhe township) of Xuanwu Lake Street in this district belong to Xiaoling district. Zhongshan cemetery area is under the direct jurisdiction of the national government. Today, suojin village street, Xuanwu Lake Street (except xianhemen) and Hongshan Street belong to Yanziji district.

In January 1938, with Xinjiekou as the center, the puppet Nanjing Municipal autonomous Committee divided the southeast, southwest, northeast and northwest of the city into the first, second, third and fourth districts. The former one belongs to the third one. The area is bounded by the north of Zhongshan Road, and reaches yijiangmen along Zhongshan Road and Zhongshan Road in the west, and reaches the north side of Zhongshan Gate through Heping gate, Xuanwu Gate and Taiping gate along yijiangmen gate in the north. In January of the 28th year of the Republic of China, Xuanwu Lake was divided into the third district, and Xiaoling district was renamed Xiaolingwei district. In April of the 31st year of the Republic of China, an autonomous experimental area was set up in the urban area and Yanziji in the suburbs. In the present District, the Arctic Pavilion (Arctic Square) and Xuanwumen (xuanwufang) are under the jurisdiction of the urban autonomous experimental region; suojin village, Xuanwu Lake (except xianhemen) and the present Hongshan Street area are under the jurisdiction of Yanziji Township autonomous experimental region.

In September 1945, the Nationalist Government returned the capital to Nanjing, restored the first district before the Anti Japanese War, abolished the first level district established by Wang Feishi, and expanded its jurisdiction to the south of Zhongshan East Road and the east of yixianqiao. The Baojia system was implemented below the District, and restored the original district. The district office was located at 442 Zhujiang Road, with 36 Baojia and 892 Baojia. At the same time, Xuanwu Lake area from Taipingmen to Zhongyangmen was designated as the sixth area. Today's suojin village, Hongshan, Xuanwu Lake Street and Xiaolingwei Street belong to Yanziji and Xiaolingwei district respectively.

In the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), the first district set up 35 Bao, 793a. In March of the Republic of China, the first district office was located at 236 Zhujiang Road, with 36 guarantees and 892a.

On June 24, 1949, the Nanjing Municipal People's government ordered the dissolution of the 36 Bao 892a organization established in the district during the period of the Republic of China, and abolished the Bao Jia system. Before the establishment of a new grass-roots organization, the District People's government and the police station directly carried out their work among the residents.

In the early days of liberation, the people's Government of the first district was established. In June 1950, the people's Government of Nanjing decided to redivide the suburban areas. Based on the old one district, the district is divided into the south of Zhongshan East Road and the east of yixianqiao. The east of Zhongyang Road, the south of Xuanwumen and Xuanwu Lake, which originally belonged to the old six districts, are added. The area from Gangzi village to the west of Taipingmen, which originally belonged to the old ten districts, is added as a new district. The original nine districts have been changed into eight districts. Today, some districts in Hongshan, suojin village and Xuanwu Lake have been changed into new eight districts. The original ten districts were abolished, and Zhongshan Mausoleum Park was built in the original jurisdiction area and the surrounding area. Now Xiaolingwei Street area and some areas of Xuanwuhu Street area belong to Zhongshan Mausoleum park.

In May 1951, the district began to set up a residents committee to assist the government in its work under the guidance of the civil affairs cadres dispatched by the district government to the police stations.

In June 1955, the first District People's government was renamed the first District People's Committee. In August 1955, the first district was renamed Xuanwu District, the eighth District Yanziji District, and the name of Zhongshan Mausoleum Park remained unchanged. This district is under the jurisdiction of Xuanwu District, Yanziji district and Zhongshan Mausoleum park.

In September 1955, eight sub district offices, Xinjiekou, daxinggong, xiangpuying, Sipailou, Danfeng street, Xuanwumen, Taipingmen and Taipingqiao, were set up in Xuanwu District. As the agencies of the District People's government, they handle the matters assigned by the district government and guide the work of 65 residents' committees in Xuanwu District.

In October 1957, xiangpuying sub district office was abolished and its residents committee was merged into three sub district offices, namely Xinjiekou, Danfeng street and Sipailou.

In November 1958, the organizational system of the four suburbs was abolished and merged into the "big suburb". Today, the area originally belonging to Zhongshan Mausoleum Park and Yanziji district is under the jurisdiction of the suburbs.

In April 1960, the sub district offices were merged and rebuilt into three branches, namely Xinjiekou, Danfeng street and Meiyuan New Village; in May, the North Pole Pavilion branch was set up separately in the municipal authorities and the surrounding units. On May 7, Xuanwu people's commune was established. The commune and branch commune are all in one. 65 neighborhood committees were merged into 19 neighborhood committees.

In September 1960, the "big suburb" was abolished, and the three rural people's communes of Longtan, October and Zijinshan in the former suburbs were put under the jurisdiction of Xuanwu District.

In 1961, the three branches of Xinjiekou, Danfeng street and Meiyuan New Village were changed into three sub district offices, and the 19 sub district committees were changed into 54 neighborhood committees. Since then, the government and society have been separated. In June 1961, Xuanwu District also governed the suburbs of Qixia town (including Sheshan), Xiaolingwei town and Longtan town. In August 1962, the people's communes and branches were abolished, and seven sub district offices, Xinjiekou, xiangpuying, Meiyuan New Village (formerly Daxing Palace), Taipingmen, Danfeng street, Sipailou and Xuanwumen, were restored.

In July 1962, the suburban office was established. Three people's communes and three towns in the former suburb were restored to the suburban office. In August, Xuanwu people's commune disappeared and Xuanwu District People's Committee was restored.

In April 1963, the five suburban systems of Yanziji, Qixia, Yuhua, Jiangdong and Lingyuan were restored. Suburban rural people's communes are again under the jurisdiction of each suburb. In July, the cemetery area (which governs Zijinshan people's Commune and Xiaolingwei town) was renamed Zhongshan Mausoleum park.

In May 1965, the five suburbs were merged into Yuhuatai and Qixia districts, and Zhongshan Mausoleum Park was under the jurisdiction of Qixia District.

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Su Sheng Nan Jing Shi Xuan Wu Qu