Jiacha County, Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Jiacha county is a county under the jurisdiction of Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is located in the south of Tibet Autonomous Region, between 92 ° 14 ′ - 93 ° 07 ′ E and 28 ° 49 ′ - 29 ° 43 ′ n. It is adjacent to Lang County of Linzhi city in the East, Longzi county and qusong County in the south, SANGRI County in the West and gongbujiangda County of Linzhi city in the north. Jiacha county is 102.2 km long from north to South and 88.2 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 4646 square kilometers.

Jiacha means "Han Salt" in Tibetan. Jiacha was a place with frequent activities in Tubo Period, belonging to tabu area. Before 1951, jiachazong and rasui were set up respectively under the jurisdiction of the general manager of tabugongbu. In 1959, jiachazong and lasui were merged into Jiacha county. Jiacha County governs 2 towns and 5 townships, with a total of 21608 people (in 2012).

In October 2018, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region officially approved the withdrawal of Jiacha county from poverty-stricken counties (regions).

Historical evolution

Ancient times

In the 7th century, the famous Tubo Zanpu Songzanganbu annexed all the tribes in the territory and established a unified and powerful Tubo Dynasty. At that time, the Wei and Tibetan areas were divided into "four ru", including the Jiacha area, which was included in the scope of "Yue ru", and became the left-wing place of luoxie (now Lhasa), the Tubo capital.

The Tubo Dynasty disintegrated in the 9th century, and Tibet entered a long period of separatist rule. During this period, various political and religious forces infiltrated into the Jiacha area and combined with the local separatist forces to form a feudal situation.

During the "later flourishing period" of Tibetan Buddhism, Ningma sect was the first important sect to appear in Jiacha area, but its actual influence was not great. In the first half of the 12th century, sonan Renqin, one of the two disciples of Milarepa and the founder of the Dabo Kagyu sect, founded the dalagangbu temple in dalagangbu mountain in Jiacha, which formed the basic Daoism of the Dabo Kagyu sect and gradually developed into the so-called "four big and eight small" branches of the Dabo Kagyu sect.

From the 13th century to the 16th century, the rulers of the yuan and Ming Dynasties successively set up administrative organs in Tibet to strengthen their rule. Among the "130000 households" set up in the Yuan Dynasty, Jiacha area was under the jurisdiction of "Yali buzangsi bawanhu mansion". In the Ming Dynasty, the Pazhu Dynasty also maintained the subordination relationship between the whole Weizang area and the central government, and the Jiacha area was under the jurisdiction of the "dagarb village" of the Pazhu Dynasty.

After the 17th century, the Gelug Sect of Buddhism gradually became the ruling system of Tibet with its increasingly powerful power. During this period, the local government of Tibet set up two suzerain regimes, Jiacha and lasui, respectively, in the area of Jiacha. The "suzerain" was appointed by gaxia to carry out administration. This system has been followed until 1959 before the democratic reform in Tibet.

peaceful liberation

In 1951, after the peaceful liberation of Tibet, two offices, Jiacha and lasui, were set up by the tabu regional working committee in Jiacha. In May 1959, according to the unified deployment of the Tibet Working Committee, Jiacha and lasui were merged to form Jiacha County under the jurisdiction of Shannan region. In the same year, the people's Government of Jiacha county and its subordinate administrative organs were formally established. The county seat was Zhongba village, anliao township.

In February 2016, Shannan was set up as a city, and Jiacha county was under the jurisdiction of Shannan city.

administrative division

Division evolution

From 1959 to 1987, Jiacha Township, cijiu Township, Ba Township and Ji Township belonged to Jiacha district; Saigong Township, cuogu Township, guoxika Township and jiangrao Township belonged to Luolin district; Bada Township belonged to lengda district.

Lingda District, Zamo Township and lasui district were set up in 1959; anrao district and Jiacha district were set up in 1960; Lingda district and Zamo Township were changed into commune in 1969; lasui township was changed into commune in 1973; lasui district (4 townships) was changed in 1980; Zamo commune was changed into Zamo Township in 1982; lengda commune was restored to lengda district (4 townships) in 1984.

In 1987, Ji Township, Ba Township, cuogu Township, jiangrao Township and cijiu Township were set up when the district was withdrawn and merged; duoga Township, zheba Township and Saigong Township were merged into Saigong township; guoxika Township and Jeep Township were merged into guoxika township; gayu Township, anrao Township and Zhongba Township were merged into anliao township; Jiacha Township and Longnan Township were merged into Jiacha township; Libu Township and lengda Township were merged into Lingda township; Da Township and mani Township were merged into Ba township Da township; la'ao Township, Yayun Township and lasui Township merged into lasui township.

In 1997, it covered an area of 4504 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 13 townships (anliao Township, Ba Township, Ji Township, Zamo Township, Lingda Township, Bangda Township, Saigong Township, cuogu Township, lasui Township, guoxika Township, Jiangzha Township, Jiacha Township and cijiu township). The county government is located in Zhongba village, anliao Township, at an altitude of 3260 meters, 350 kilometers away from Lhasa city.

Zoning details

Jiacha County governs 2 towns and 5 townships: Jiacha Town, anrao Town, lasui Township, cuijiu Township, Ba Township, lengda Township and Luolin township. There are 89 administrative villages. The county people's government is located in anliao town.

geographical environment

Location context

Jiacha county is located in the southeast of Tibet Autonomous Region and the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, and its administrative regions are distributed on the north and south sides of the Yarlung Zangbo River. It is adjacent to Lang county and gongbujiangda County in Linzhi city in the East and North, SANGRI county and qusong County in the west, and Longzi County in the south. The geographical area of the county lies between 92 ° 14 ′ 24 ″ - 93 ° 7 ′ 10 ″ E and 28 ° 49 ′ 43 ″ - 29 ° 43 ′ 16 ″ n. The total area of the county is 4646 square kilometers. The maximum distance between the East and the west is 88.2 kilometers, and the maximum distance between the north and the south is 102.2 kilometers.

topographic features

Jiacha county is located in the depression zone of the tectonic units of Gangdese, Nyainqentanglha and Himalayas, and the geomorphic area is the valley of southern Tibet. The landform is divided into the Himalayan high mountain sub region with many rivers. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East. The average altitude of the whole county is about 4000 meters. The altitude of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley is between 3100 meters and 3500 meters. The altitude of Zhongba street, anrao town, where the county is located, is 3240 meters. Due to the strong uplift and uplifting of the earth's crust since the Tertiary period and the undercutting and erosion of modern rivers, the whole county has high terrain and heavy mountains. There are 180 mountains above 5000 meters above sea level. The river is deep, the terrain is complex and diverse, and the large landform is a mixture of high mountains and deep valleys. The total terrain is high in the South and North and low in the middle.

geology

Jiacha County straddles Gangdise block, Yarlung Zangbo River Plate junction zone and Himalayan block longitudinally, and its geological phenomena are complex. The southern and northern boundary faults of Yarlung Zangbo and the cuijiu ductile shear zone (the eastern part of the regional upper Woka Xietongmen ductile shear zone) divide the upper crust into four parts. In the north is the eastern section of Lhasa block in the east of Gangdise block. The exposed strata include schist, phyllite and metavolcanic rock of Middle Jurassic Yeba formation, limestone and slate of Upper Jurassic duodigou formation, sandstone and mudstone of Upper Jurassic Lower Cretaceous linbuzong formation, limestone and sandstone of Lower Cretaceous chumulong formation and limestone of takina formation. The north central part is the western end of SANGRI Xietongmen fault block. The exposed strata include gneiss and schist of NIANQINGTANGGULA group of pre Sinian, andesite sandstone and limestone of Bima formation of Lower Cretaceous, and conglomerate of dazhuka formation of Oligocene Miocene. The central and southern part is the Yarlung Zangbo River junction zone, and the exposed strata include the upper Triassic Langjiexue group sandstone slate, Jurassic Cretaceous Luobusa ophiolite group and OPHIOLITIC MELANGE. The southern part is the northern part of the Himalayan landmass, and only the upper Triassic neru formation sandstone slate is exposed. In addition, Quaternary loose deposits are widely distributed in the area.

climate

Jiacha county belongs to the plateau temperate semi-arid monsoon climate zone, with sufficient light, strong radiation, large daily temperature difference, concentrated rainy season, dry and windy winter and spring. The annual average temperature is 8.9 ℃, the annual sunshine is 2750 hours, the annual average precipitation is 492.7mm, which is concentrated in May, accounting for 93% of the annual precipitation, and the frost free period is 149 days. Natural disasters mainly include flood, hail, frost, drought, diseases and insect pests, among which flood is the main natural disaster. Hail occurs three times a year, mainly from July to August.

hydrology

Jiacha is a county with many water systems and lakes in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. There are 160 major and minor lakes, such as ramlaco, yongcuo, jiangslaco, etc., with a small area. It is a barrier lake formed by landslide, debris flow, proluvial and landslides blocking the valley.

natural resources

mineral resources

There are mainly placer gold, ferrochrome, antimony, graphite, crystal, talc, granite, etc. in Jiacha County, placer gold is mainly distributed along the Yarlung Zangbo River, with an average grade of about 0.079g/m3 and a fineness of 93%. The grade of chromite distributed in zangmuxiang is as high as 55.27%, and the reserves are more than several hundred million tons.

Animal resources

Jiacha county has precious wildlife resources, such as white lipped deer, brown bear, red bear, musk deer, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan pheasant, macaque, wild yak, gecko (also known as four legged snake), owl, etc.

Forestry resources

Jiacha county is rich in forestry resources, with the highest forest coverage rate of 30.35%. The forest reserve is 1.338 million cubic meters.

water resource

There are more than 160 lakes and 200 rivers in jiaza county. The Yarlung Zangbo River flows through Jiacha county with a length of about 93 kilometers and a maximum flow of 4425 cubic meters per second. As of 2014, Zangmu Hydropower Station, the largest hydropower station in Tibet Autonomous Region, is under construction in Jiacha County, with dam type development.

Population nationality

population

In 2000, according to the data of the fifth census, the total population of the county was 18263, and that of Jiacha town was 2526. The total population of anrao town is 3788. Lengda township has a total population of 2113. The total population of Ba township is 996. Luolin township has a total population of 4792.

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu Shan Nan Shi Jia Cha Xian