Jimunai County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Jimunai County Jimunai county is located in the north of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the northern edge of Junggar basin, the northern foot of Sawuer mountain and the South Bank of Erqisi river. Its geographical coordinates are 47 ° 00 ′～ 47 ° 59 ′ N and 85 ° 33 ′～ 87 ° 09 ′ E. It is adjacent to Fuhai County in the East, Hebukesel in Tacheng area in the south, Habahe and burjin counties in the north, and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the West. The border is 141 km long. It is about 120 kilometers long from east to west and 110 kilometers wide from north to south. The total area is 7145 square kilometers. The total population was 39000 (2010). The county people's government is located in toptierek town. It is composed of 22 nationalities, including Kazak, Han, Uygur and Hui.

In October 2018, the people's Government of Xinjiang Autonomous Region agreed to withdraw Jimunai county from poverty-stricken county.

Historical evolution

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Hujie and Xiongnu were stationed here one after another.

During the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Rouran, Tujue xueyantuo and other ethnic groups were stationed as herdsmen.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was the herding land of Geluolu in Western Turks. In the Tang Dynasty, the prefectures of desert, Yinshan and Jinshan were successively set up to govern the area.

During the Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty, Kelei and Naiman were nomadic here. The Western Liao Dynasty once set up the Western recruitment department here.

In 1204, Mongolian Tiemuzhen conquered Naiman, and Naiman moved to the West. The local area was the wokuotai fiefdom with Shangshu province and Xingsheng province.

At the time of Ming Dynasty, it was called woyiciti as Wasi, which was called siweilat in history.

In the 35th year of Kangxi (1696 A.D.), Junggar was under the rule of general Dingbian.

In 1735 A.D., CE Ling, the general of zhunzuolie in the Qing Dynasty, agreed that the pastoral areas of kalka and Junggar should be bounded by Altai Mountains, Haba and borji.

In 1755, the Qing Dynasty pacified Junggar.

In the 24th year of Qianlong reign of Qing Dynasty (1759 AD), the Qing Dynasty pacified the rebellion of xiaohezhuo and unified Xinjiang.

In the 27th year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1762 AD), the Qing Dynasty set up "President Yili and other generals" to govern the north-south road of Tianshan Mountain, and the local government was under the management of counsellors and ministers of talbahatai under the general.

In the sixth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1867 AD), the Qing Dynasty set up a minister of brentohai affairs, who also led the affairs of Tacheng and Altay,

In 1869, the Minister of affairs of brentohai was removed, and Altay was still under the management of the Minister of counsellor of khobudo.

In 1906, khobudo and Altay were divided, and Jimunai was under the rule of Altay minister, directly under the cleaning up of the vassal court.

In 1912, the Republic of China was founded. As a special region, Altay was directly under the central government. He served as the former Minister of Altay affairs, Prince Paletta as the chief officer of Altay affairs.

Jimunai county was established in 1916.

In April 1919, the central government of Beijing decided to change Altai district to Ashan Road, which was under the jurisdiction of Xinjiang province.

In October 1930, Jimunai county was upgraded to a county under the jurisdiction of Ashan road.

After 1934, Ashan road was changed into an administrative region, an administrative office and a commissioner's office.

In 1954, with the approval of the State Council, the name of Altay, which distinguishes Mongolia from the Soviet Union, was changed to Altay special area. Jimunai county has always been subordinate to Altay area.

administrative division

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in 1951, the people's Government of Jimunai County, on the basis of 15 tribes in the original five districts and 13 townships, re divided three districts and established three district offices.

From 1951 to 1953, the people's Government of three districts and eight townships was established. It governs 43 natural villages.

In 1958, three districts were abolished. In October 1958, the October people's commune was established on the basis of the merger of noarburg Township and shaerliang township; the Dongfeng people's commune was established by withdrawing kaerjiao township; the red flag people's commune was jointly established by toptiereke Township, laste Township and qaleshihai township; the Xingfu people's commune was jointly established by bazahule Township and toste township. The "unity of government and society" has replaced the district and township governments.

During the socialist transformation of the herdsman's economy, three public-private joint ventures were established in three people's communes.

After 1960, the commune carried out first level accounting and second level management. Each commune has production teams. October commune has 9 farming and animal husbandry teams and 1 infrastructure team; Dongfeng commune has 13 farming and animal husbandry teams; Hongqi commune has 19 farming and animal husbandry teams, 1 infrastructure team and 1 processing plant; Xingfu commune has 16 farming and animal husbandry teams, 1 infrastructure team and 1 directly subordinate team.

In 1969, revolutionary committees were set up one after another. In 1981, the Revolutionary Committee of Jimunai county was renamed the people's government, and all the social fields under the county were renamed the management committee.

In 1984, the system of "integration of government and society" was changed, and the township political power was rebuilt. The original people's Commune and local state-owned pastures were transformed into townships, which were respectively built as follows: qaleshihai Township, kerjiao Township, toptiereke Township, bestiereke Township, toste Township and toptiereke town.

By the end of 2000, there were 5 townships and 2 towns in Jimunai county.

geographical environment

position

Jimunai county is located in the northern foot of Sawuer mountain and the northern margin of Junggar basin.

landforms

Jimunai county is low in the north, high in the south, steep in the South and gentle in the north. The landforms are divided into:

Gobi plain: it reaches the national boundary in the west, borders Habahe County and burjin County in the north and East, and connects 186 tuanchang and qaleshi sea in the south, which is in a right angle. Below 800 meters above sea level, with a relative height of 50-80 meters, it starts from the southern edge of narenkala mountain in the north, reaches hebukeser Mongolian Autonomous County in the south, reaches Bakal mountain in the west, 5 kilometers to the south, and reaches the county boundary in the East. It is a small irregular quadrilateral in the north and south, more like a mushroom. It covers an area of 975.7 square kilometers, accounting for 13.8% of the total area of the county, with an altitude below 800 meters.

Low mountain and hilly area: it is distributed in the central part of Jimunai County, from 186 regiment in the west to the East, 8-20 km wide from north to south, 5 km to the southwest of bakale mountain (1173 m high land), with one branch in the north and one branch in the south, surrounding the Gobi plain in the East. It covers an area of 1527.3 square kilometers, accounting for 21.5% of the total area of the county. Generally, the altitude is 800-1000 meters, and the relative height is 100-150 meters. For example, juwankala mountain is the highest mountain in the landform distribution area, with an altitude of 1344 meters, and the relative height is 700 meters. This area belongs to the northern margin of the eastern extension of sawur.

Middle mountain area: it is distributed in the south of low mountain and hilly area. From toptiereke town in the west to the northeast of Heishantou (along the highway to Burqin) in the East, it is a vast area with a straight distance of 12 km, connecting two points. The shape is approximately trapezoidal. It is wide in the West and narrow in the East, 45 km in the West and 20 km in the East, with a total area of 2559.3 square kilometers, accounting for 36.1% of the total area of the county. The altitude is 1000-3500 meters and the relative altitude is 500-1000 meters.

Alpine region: it is distributed in the peak of Musi Island, covering an area of 15.7 square kilometers, accounting for 0.2% of the county area, with an altitude of more than 3500 meters. The highest peak is the peak of Musi Island, which is 3835 meters long. Wurast and wulekunulastu rivers originate from this mountain.

climate

Jimunai county has a cold climate of continental north temperate zone. The frost free period is 151 days in the county and 126 days in beishawo. The maximum extreme temperature is 37.2 ℃, and the minimum extreme temperature is - 38.8 ℃. The county has a dry climate with a precipitation of 202.2 mm.

hydrology

There are four rivers in Jimunai county

The taste river originates from the sawur mountains and is mainly composed of spring water and ice melting water. It has a total length of about 57 km. The actual flow section is 47 km and the annual runoff is about 28 million cubic meters. It is the main water source of toste township.

Wurast river is located in Tuopu tiereke township. It originates from Musi island mountain in sawur mountain range. It is formed by melting snow on the mountain and collecting spring water along the way. The water flows from north to south, with a total length of about 70 km. The actual flow section is only 39 km, with a width of 50-100 m. The average annual runoff is about 31 million cubic meters.

Kaerjiao river originates from the sawur mountains. The supply of ice melting snow water and spring water is very small, mainly due to the flood caused by rainfall. The river is about 56 km long, with an actual discharge of 26 km and a width of 20-50 m. It is the main water source of kerjiao township. The annual runoff is 2.5 million cubic meters and the runoff area is about 149 square kilometers.

Wulekunwurast river is located about 15 kilometers west of the county seat. It originates from Musi island mountain of sawur mountains and flows from south to north. The river has a total length of 62 kilometers and a width of 20-50 meters. The riverbed is rich in sand and stone. In spring and summer, the maximum flow is 8 m3 / s, and the minimum flow is 1.5 m3 / s. since 1970, the river water has gradually decreased, and even disappeared in the flood season. The annual runoff has decreased from 22 million m3 in the past to 15 million m3. In winter, there is only spring water, and the flow is about 0.1-0.5 m3 / s.

natural resources

land resource

Jimunai county has a total area of 822200 hectares. In 1996, there were 671000 hectares of land for agriculture and animal husbandry, accounting for 81.61% of the total area, 3800 hectares of land for construction, accounting for 0.46%, 147400 hectares of unused land, accounting for 17.93% of the total area. The area of cultivated land is 16200 hectares, accounting for 1.97% of the total area. The area of mountain grassland is 645300 hectares, accounting for 78.48% of the total area. The area of desert is 15150 hectares, accounting for 1.84% of the total area. The others are 145550 hectares, accounting for 17.71% of the total area. There are no dry crops, all irrigated farmland.

mineral resources

The discovered mineral resources in Jimunai County include gold, copper, coal, clay, natural alkali, gypsum, limestone, etc.

King: there are celeshhai, qiatu, selting, tumant, toster, buehersdai, Ahmadi

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu A Le Tai Di Qu Ji Mu Nai Xian