Nianzishan District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province

Nianzishan district is a municipal district of Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. It is located in the east foot of Daxinganling and the west of Qiqihar. It is 90 km away from the central city and 113 km away from the railway. It is adjacent to Longjiang County in the East, South and West, Gannan County in the northeast and Zhalantun city in Inner Mongolia in the northwest. The geographical coordinates are 47 ° 29 ′～ 47 ° 41 ′ N and 122 ° 53 ′～ 123 ° 05 ′ E. The region is long in the north and south, narrow in the East and West, and slightly prominent in the center, which is an irregular rhombic shape. As of 2013, the total area is 357 square kilometers, with 170000 mu of cultivated land and 9 square kilometers of urban area. As of 2013, the total population is 81000, including 56000 in urban area, which governs 4 sub district offices and 9 administrative villages. In 2012, the GDP of Nianzishan area reached 1 billion yuan. The District People's government is stationed at 293 Fanrong road.

Historical evolution

Nianzi mountain is named after Nianzi mountain. Nianzishan, which produces stone and can be milled, is called "Nianzishan".

In 1121, Aguda, the king Taizu, appointed poluhuo, a "legendary figure in the Liao and Jin battlefields", as the capital of Taizhou. He moved from Shangjing to Taizhou, and created a precedent of building jiehaobianbao in the area of Nianzishan in the Jin Dynasty to resist the invasion of the Western Mongols.

It entered the territory of Longjiang County in 1913.

In 1914, Nianzishan established baogongsuo.

From 1939 to 1945, the Japanese aggressors built Fengrong Training Institute in Nianzi mountain area, with 254 people.

On February 4, 1946, Nianzishan was liberated and the people's Government of Nianzishan in Longjiang County was established.

On January 16, 1952, Nianzishan was changed into a town under the jurisdiction of the county.

In 1953, with the immigration of Hua'an factory, the population soared to more than 32000.

In September 1958, Chaomei people's commune was established; in November, Hua'an people's commune at the county level was established with Hua'an factory as the main body, and it was approved by the provincial government and put under the leadership of Nenjiang region in December.

In April 1960, Hua'an people's commune was under the jurisdiction of Qiqihar city; in December, the people's Committee of Hua'an district was established, which was named Hua'an District of Qiqihar city.

In December 1983, Hua'an district was renamed Nianzishan District, which continues to this day.

administrative division

As of 2013, Nianzishan has jurisdiction over 4 streets, 9 administrative villages and 59 natural villages.

geographical environment

geographical position

Nianzi mountain area is located in the east foot of Daxing'an Mountains, northwest of Qiqihar. It is 90 kilometers away from the central urban area and 113 kilometers away from the railway. It is adjacent to Longjiang County in the East, South and West, Gannan County in the northeast and Zhalantun city in Inner Mongolia in the northwest. The geographical coordinates are 47 ° 29 ′～ 47 ° 41 ′ N and 122 ° 53 ′～ 123 ° 05 ′ E.

topographic features

Nianzi mountain area is located in the eastern foot of Daxing'an Mountains. About 3 / 4 of its surface is low mountains and hills. There are more than 170 big and small mountain tops, and the rest 1 / 4 is the Yalu River low floodplain. It is the only area in Qiqihar that is not in the Songnen Plain and has real mountains. There are not only Daheishan, the first peak in the urban area and Nianzishan, the second peak, but also Yalu River, the largest tributary of Nenjiang river system. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East. The area is wide from north to South and narrow from east to west, with a slight bulge in the center and irregular rhombic shape.

Climatic characteristics

The climate of Nianzi mountain area belongs to the cold, semi humid and continental monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone. There are four distinct seasons: 55 days in spring, the temperature rises quickly, the precipitation is less, "nine years of spring drought", generally need drought resistant sowing; 45 days in summer, warm and rainy, long sunshine, is conducive to the growth and development of crops; 50 days in autumn, cooling fast, less precipitation, sunny days, early frost in autumn, low-lying land is easy to form frost, the threat to crops; 215 days in winter, long cold Less snow and dry. It is located in the lower limit of the second accumulated temperature zone and the third accumulated temperature zone of the whole province, with an annual average accumulated temperature of 2600 ℃ - 2650 ℃, ranking at the end of all districts in the city; the annual average temperature is 3.2 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 37.4 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 40.2 ℃; the frost free period is about 132 days. The average annual precipitation is 450 mm.

natural resources

mineral resources

Nianzi mountain area is rich in natural resources. It is the hometown of Maifan stone in China and the production base of building stone in Qiqihar city. Up to 2014, there are 5 series of 26 kinds of non-metallic mineral resources, such as granite, diorite, Maifan stone, fluvial stone, black clay, and rare metal mineral resources, such as yttrium and niobium. Among them, the most precious is huafeng Maifan stone, with a reserve of about 140 million cubic meters and grade D. the distribution area of granite is 16 square kilometers, with a reserve of about 1.5 billion cubic meters.

plant resources

As of 2001, there are 67 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines growing on the ground, such as white willow, wool, honey, mushroom, hazelnut, Atractylodes lancea, Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis, radix paeoniae rubra, Sophora Flavescentis, Gentianaceae, etc., which are rich in Chinese herbal medicines.

economic construction

summary

As of 2012, the GDP of Nianzishan area has reached 1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15%; according to the new fiscal and taxation system of the city, the district level fiscal revenue has reached 27.77 million yuan, 119% of the annual plan; the industrial enterprises above the designated size have achieved an output value of 1.76 billion yuan, a sales revenue of 1.69 billion yuan and an added value of 564 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10%, 10% and 15% respectively. The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 442 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15%; the investment in social fixed assets reached 890 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 35.8%.

primary industry

In 1949, the total grain output was 7629 tons, 80.5 kg per mu; the total vegetable output was 40535 tons, 855.5 kg per mu. In 1986, the total grain output was 11503 tons, 148 kg / mu; the total vegetable output was 28739 tons, 1718 kg / mu. In 1986, the total agricultural income was 16.45 million yuan, and the per capita income was 467 yuan; in 2005, the total agricultural income was 176.26 million yuan, 10.7 times of that in 1986, and the per capita income was 3189 yuan, 6.8 times of that in 1986.

the secondary industry

Nianzishan is the only stone production and processing base in the west of Heilongjiang Province. As of 2013, there are 177 mountains and hills with rich stone resources. There are 5 series and 26 varieties of granite, Maifan stone, diorite, river stone and black clay. The total reserves of granite and Maifan stone are 1 billion cubic meters and 140 million cubic meters respectively. The stone is easy to be mined, with excellent hardness and density, pure quality and beautiful color. All physical properties meet the quality requirements of processing veneer. Nianzishan stone industry has a long history, from a mining enterprise in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China to 14 stone processing enterprises with a certain scale and 17 mines.

the service sector; the tertiary industry

It began to take shape in 1937, with 38 stores, including general stores, grain stores, oil mills, medicine shops, meat shops, clothing shops, restaurants, hotels, blacksmiths' stoves, 177 employees and a total capital of 55795 yuan. At that time, due to the "rationing" system adopted by the Japanese aggressors for people's daily necessities, business became increasingly depressed, and some small shops closed down one after another. After liberation, with the migration of Hua'an factory and the increase of population, the commerce of Nianzi mountain area developed rapidly. In 1951, seven state-owned stores, including non-staple food stores and department stores, were built, with annual sales of 12.28 million yuan. In 1955, the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce was completed, and the state-owned economy, the public-private partnership and the cooperative economy of collective ownership went hand in hand. During the "Cultural Revolution", business development was affected. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in 1978, a series of reforms were carried out in the circulation system, which broke the "unified rule" of state-owned commerce. Individual and private enterprises developed rapidly, and commercial outlets and catering service outlets increased greatly. In 2003, there were 2920 commercial institutions in the region, including 2540 wholesale and retail businesses and 380 catering services. Among the wholesale and retail businesses, there were 18 private businesses and 2522 individuals. The total retail sales reached 154.36 million yuan.

Population nationality

At the end of 2004, the total population of the region was 82557, including 41317 males and 41240 females. According to the data of the fifth national census in 2000, the majority of the residents are Han nationality, and there are 14 ethnic minorities, including Manchu, Hui, Zhuang, Miao, Mongolian, Korean, Daur, Xibe, etc. By 2013, the total population was 81000, including 56000 in urban areas.

Transportation

The Binzhou railway in Nianzishan district enters from 345.5km and leaves at 375 km. The passenger and freight lines are 29.5km long, with Nianzishan and jixinhe stations connected with Russia. Provincial Highway 302 (also known as Nianbei highway) is connected with Inner Mongolia at the northern end of Nianzi mountain area, passing through the urban area and finally reaching Bei'an. The main roads of niangan (Nianzishan Gannan), Nianjing (Nianzishan Jingxing), Niancheng (Nianzishan Genghis Khan) and nianmiao (Nianzishan mushroom gas) form the traffic network. After the completion of the road around the city in 1985, every village was connected by cars.

Sociology

Science and technology

In 2005, in order to develop science and technology in Nianzishan District, the government set up a science and Technology Information Bureau, which organized and planned to carry out science popularization, science popularization lectures, science and technology consultation activities, scientific research and science and technology promotion.

cultural education

Huaanchang Cultural Palace was built in Nianzishan District in 1954, cultural center and broadcasting station were set up in 1956, and Pingju opera was set up in 1960

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Qi Qi Ha Er Shi Nian Zi Shan Qu