Ejina Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Ejina Banner Ejina Banner is located at the westernmost end of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is connected with Alxa Right Banner in the southeast, Gansu Province in the West and southwest, and Mongolia in the north. The border line is 507 km long. The total area of the banner is 114600 square kilometers, accounting for 42% of the total area of the league. It has jurisdiction over 3 towns, 6 Sumu, 2 sub district offices, 21 Gacha and 7 communities. There are 12 ethnic groups, including Mongolian, Han and Hui, with a permanent population of 32000, and the Mongolian population accounts for 16.1%. Ejina Banner is the banner with the largest area and the least population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Dongfeng space city (Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center), located in Ejina Banner, is the birthplace of China's missiles, satellites and manned spacecraft, known as "China's first Aerospace port".

Ejina Banner terrain gradually inclines from southwest to northeast, showing four high, low flat in the middle, altitude between 898m-1598m. The landform is mainly composed of Gobi, low mountains, deserts, rivers, lakes and oases.

Heihe River, which originated from the northern foot of Qilian Mountain in Qinghai Province, is the mother river of Ejina. From south to north, it enters the banner through Zhangye, Gaotai, Jinta and other cities and counties in Gansu Province, and reaches bayanbaogede (Langxin mountain). It is divided into East and West rivers, and then into 19 tributaries to the north. Finally, it flows into East and West Juyanhai, forming 31600 square meters Ejina oasis in Inner Mongolia.

In 2018, Ejina Banner achieved a GDP of 3.54 billion yuan, fixed asset investment of 2.04 billion yuan, general public budget revenue of 320 million yuan, total retail sales of social consumer goods of 1.47 billion yuan, per capita disposable income of urban residents of 41258 yuan, and per capita disposable income of rural and pastoral residents of 23151 yuan.

In December 2019, Ejina Banner won the seventh batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Evolution of organizational system

In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, it was Wusun. The Qin Dynasty was the territory of Dayue family.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, it was a herding land of Xiongnu.

In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Huo Qubing, a general of Hushi, came to live in Yanshou Hexi. In historical records, "Juyan" (in Xiongnu language, the same as today's Mongolian "Qiyan", which means "Yinyou") was first seen. He built a barrier and set up Duwei, Duwei and hequsi. At that time, it could reach Juyanhai by boat from Zhangye river.

In the third year of the early period of the Han Dynasty (102 BC), it was set up to live in the prefecture of yanduwei. Later, it was set up as "Zhangye Juyan vassal state" to govern Juyan county. At the end of Jian'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty established Xihai County, which was inherited by Cao Wei, Western Jin, Qianliang, qianqin, Houliang and Xiliang.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were the northern capital of Anbei and the ningkou army.

In the Western Xia Dynasty, the Yan Military Department of Heishui town was set up, but its location is unknown.

In the spring of 1226, Genghis Khan belonged to the Mongolian Empire.

In the 23rd year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), the office of the general manager of yijinai road was set up.

In the 17th year of Hongwu, Song Sheng led his troops to attack yijinai and set up the old city of yijinai. Later, weiluwei, baichengzi Shouyu qianhusuo and Weiyuan Shouyu qianhusuo were set up between Suzhou and yijinai lake to connect the old city of yijinai. Xuande five years for Ejin turhute nomadic land.

In 1753, the special banner of old turhute in Ejina was set up.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), it was directly under the Mongolian Tibetan Committee of the national government and under the jurisdiction of the Ningxia garrison.

In November 1928, it was under the jurisdiction of Ningxia provincial government.

In September 1949, Ejina Banner was peacefully liberated and was under the management of Jiuquan special office of Gansu Province.

In February 1951, it was under the direct control of Ningxia Province.

In November 1954, it was entrusted by Zhangye special office at the beginning, and on November 30 of the same year, it was transferred to Jiuquan special office.

On June 1, 1956, it was assigned to Bayannaoer League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

On September 9, 1969, it was assigned to Jiuquan area of Gansu Province.

On July 1, 1979, it was assigned to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

On May 1, 1980, it was subordinate to Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

In 2001, Jiri galantu Sumu was abolished and merged into Dalai Hubu town. Dongfeng town was established in January 2005.

In 2006, Ejina Banner adjusted the original 8 Sumu towns to 5 Sumu towns, and cancelled the merger of 3 Sumu towns. Among them, wentugaolesumu was merged into dalaihubu town; gurinaisumu and bayanbaogedesumu were abolished and merged into the new Dongfeng town. In addition, the former sumo Nur Sumu, Saihan Taolai Sumu and MAZONGSHAN Sumu remain unchanged.

In 2009, wulanulagacha of MAZONGSHAN Sumu in Ejina Banner was separated from MAZONGSHAN Sumu, and set up hareburgedeyinwula (Heiyingshan) town. At the beginning of 2012, some areas of dalaihubu town were set up to establish bayantaolai Sumu and wentugaole Sumu.

In 2017, some administrative areas of Dongfeng Town in Ejina Banner were set up and Dongfeng sub district office in Ejina Banner was set up. Part of the administrative region of a base of air force in Dongfeng town of Ejina Banner is set up, and the aviation sub district office of Ejina Banner is set up.

In 2018, a part of Dongfeng Town in Ejina banner will be designated as bayintaohai Sumu.

administrative division

By 2019, it has jurisdiction over 3 towns, 6 Sumu, 2 sub district offices, 21 Gacha and 7 communities. Ejina Banner people's government is located in Juyan street, dalaihubu town.

Administrative Region

Dalaihubu town

Dongfeng Town

Harzburgde yinwula town

Sumu, suponor

Saihan taolaisumu

Sappan in MAZONGSHAN

Wentugolesu

Bayan taolaisumu

Bayintaohai Sumu

Aviation sub district office

Dongfeng sub district office

geographical environment

Location context

Ejina Banner is located in the northwest of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The geographical coordinates are 97 ° 10 '~ 103 ° 7' e and 39 ° 52 '~ 42 ° 47' n. It is adjacent to Alxa Right Banner in the East, Jiuquan City in Gansu Province in the West and southwest, and Mongolia in the north, with a total length of 507 km. Dalaihubu Town, the seat of the banner government, is 1398 km away from Hohhot, the capital of the autonomous region, 640 km away from BAYANHOT, the seat of Alxa League government, and 396 km away from Jiuquan City, Gansu Province.

Geology and geomorphology

Ejina Banner is a NE trending fault depression basin. The terrain is fan-shaped, with the total potential higher in the southwest, lower in the north and lower in the middle. The altitude of most parts of the region is between 1200-1400 meters, the relative altitude is between 50-150 meters, and the average altitude is about 1000 meters. The lowest point is located in Yanhai, 820 meters above sea level. The main mountains and peaks are Mazong mountain, with an altitude of 1600 meters. The terrain is mainly composed of Gobi, low mountain, desert, river, lake and oasis. Among them, the Gobi area is 6100 square kilometers, the desert area is 15600 square kilometers, the hilly area is 48000 square kilometers, and the oasis area is 31600 square kilometers, accounting for 5.93%, 15.17%, 47.15% and 27.57% of the total area respectively.

climate

Ejina Banner has a dry inland climate. It is characterized by drought, less rain, large evaporation, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference and more sand. The average annual temperature is 8.3 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 11.6 ℃, the extreme low temperature is - 36.4 ℃, the average temperature in July is 26.6 ℃, the extreme high temperature is 42.5 ℃, and the average annual daily temperature is 8.6 ℃. The shortest frost free period is 179 days and the longest is 227 days.

The duration of daily average temperature above 0 ℃ in Ejina Banner is from mid March to late October. The annual average precipitation is 37 mm, the annual extreme maximum precipitation is 103.0 mm, and the minimum precipitation is 7.0 mm.

The average annual evaporation is 3841.51mm and the humidity is 0.01mm in Ejina Banner. Common weather phenomenon is windy. It occurs more frequently in spring and winter, especially in spring. The annual average number of gale days above grade 8 is 44 days. Gales are often accompanied by sandstorms, with an average of 14 sandstorms per year.

natural resources

mineral resources

Ejina Banner is rich in mineral resources. As of 2019, 50 kinds of minerals have been found in Ejina Banner, and there are more than 270 ore deposits and mineralization points. There are 20 kinds of mineral resources, including coal, iron, pyrite, chromium, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, antimony, bismuth, gallium, titanium, fluorite, Glauber's salt, agate, decorative granite, phosphorus, arsenic, etc., with 35 mineral areas.

There are 17 kinds of mineral resources, including petroleum, petroleum and natural gas, manganese, tin, niobium, rare earth, gypsum, salt, alkali, marble, dolomite, tuff, facing granite, vein quartz, building stone, building sand, brick and tile soil. There are 68 mineral areas, and the resource reserves have been identified.

Unidentified minerals have been found: uranium, tantalum, thorium, cobalt, rubidium, beryllium, crystalline graphite, sodium magnesium vanadium, mercury, lithium, potassium salt, magnesium salt, oil shale, ornamental stone, Iceland spar, barite, crystal, mirabilite and other 18 kinds of minerals; 140 ore spots and mineralization spots have been found.

Ejina Banner has five kinds of mineral resources, including bismuth, titanium, antimony, agate and dolomite, with resource reserves ranking the first in the region. The top five mineral resources in the region are niobium, manganese, gallium, tungsten, arsenic, phosphorus, mirabilite, lake salt, vein quartz (silica) and natural alkali.

Ejinaqi's dominant mineral resources include oil, natural gas, iron, molybdenum, gold, fluorite, agate, granite for decoration, mirabilite and other minerals.

The distribution characteristics of mineral resources in Ejina banner are as follows: in the middle and low mountainous areas in the West and northeast of Ejina Banner, coal, iron, pyrite, chromium, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, antimony, bismuth, gallium, titanium, fluorite, agate, phosphorus, arsenic, uranium, tantalum, thorium, cobalt, rubidium, beryllium, crystalline graphite, decorative granite and other minerals; in the central and Southeast alluvial proluvial plain and lacustrine basin Oil, natural gas, oil shale, gypsum, salt, alkali

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu A La Shan Meng E Ji Na Qi