Linhe District, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Linhe District Linhe district is located in the middle of Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the hinterland of Hetao Plain, above the "Ji" bend of the Yellow River, across the river from Ordos Plateau in the south, Yinshan Mountain in the north and Wulat grassland in the East. It is the political, economic, cultural, transportation and information center of Bayannaoer City. The geographical coordinates are 40 ° 34 ′～ 41 ° 17 ′ N and 107 ° 6 ′～ 107 ° 44 ′ E. With a total area of 2354 square kilometers, the district has jurisdiction over 11 towns, 3 townships, 160 administrative villages, and 10 sub district offices in the urban area. Linhe has 14 ethnic groups including Mongolian, Han and Hui, with a total population of 549300 by the end of 2013.

Historical evolution

The famous "Hetao culture", namely, the archaeological excavation along the Salawusu River, shows that the "Hetao people" in the age of Homo sapiens made stone tools, engaged in hunting, eating meat, clothing and skins on the Bank of the Yellow River, and created the primitive material civilization of Hetao area. The study of Yinshan Rock Paintings shows that as early as 10000 years ago, the north and south of Yinshan was the ideal home for nomadic people to live and produce. At that time, the area of Yinshan Hetao was luxuriant in vegetation, infested by animals, and the ecology was excellent. King Xuan of Zhou sent General Nan Zhong to lead his army to attack the Yuyu people living in Yinshan Hetao area, and built a city to defend Shuofang, including today's Linhe area. In the Warring States period, Wang Jun of Zhao Wuling was in Hetao, where the highest palace was the fortress and Jiuyuan county was set up. Linhe is located in the west of Jiuyuan County of Zhao state. When Linhe was seen in historical records.

In 127 BC, the second year of Yuanshuo, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered general Wei Qing to send 100000 troops out of the clouds to attack Xiongnu and recover the plain area south of Beihe of the Yellow River, which was occupied by Xiongnu at that time. In the Han Dynasty, Shuofang county was set up in Henan Province, and Linhe county was one of the ten counties. Its county seat is built in the territory of Xinhua Town, under the leadership of Shishi county. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court was corrupt and the Xiongnu went south again. To Xiandi Jian'an years, Linhe County abandoned. Until the Three Kingdoms and the beginning of Jin Dynasty, Linhe area was the herding land of Xiongnu for a long time. After Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, Linhe area became the former Zhao, the latter Zhao, the former Qin, the latter Qin and the relic of Helian.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Wei regime established towns, and the riverside area was under the jurisdiction of Woye town. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, it belonged to Fengzhou. In the third year of Daye (607), it withdrew from the state and set up a county, which belonged to Wuyuan County. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of guanneidao. In Zhenguan, it was changed into a prefecture, belonging to Jiuyuan county. In the second year of Jinglong (708), Zhang Ren was willing to build three surrender cities, and Linhe was the West surrender city. Song, Liao, Jin, Xia, are Xixia territory. The Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia and established yunneizhou. The Linhe area belongs to Datong Road of yunneizhou. In the early Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Ningxia Wei. Within a few days, it was under the Mongolian tribe of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. Alatan Khan, the leader of Zhongxing in the Northern Yuan Dynasty, once lived in the Hetao area. In the early Qing Dynasty, it belonged to the left wing rear banner and the right wing rear banner of Ordos in YIKEZHAO League.

After the reign of Emperor Qianlong, a hall was set up in the Imperial Palace, which was subordinate to the Salaqi Hall of Suidao. Guangxu 27 years (1901) Li wuyuanting. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was changed into a county, belonging to Wuyuan County. In 1925, in the west of fengjiqu, Wuyuan County, Linhe was set up as the governing Bureau, and the city was built to strengthen the family and Youfang (now Chengguan town), Zhili Suiyuan province. In October 1929, it was upgraded to a county. On September 19, 1949, the military and political authorities of the Kuomintang in Suiyuan Province announced an uprising, and Linhe County belonged to the Shanba Office of Suiyuan. In 1954, Suiyuan province merged with Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In the same year, Shaanxi dam special office was renamed Hetao administrative region, and its membership remained unchanged. In 1958, Hetao Administrative Region merged with Bayannaoer League, and Linhe county was subordinate to Bayannaoer League. On December 11, 1984, Linhe county was changed into a county-level city. On August 26, 2004, Bayannaoer withdrew its League and set up a city, which was called Bayannaoer City. Linhe City was renamed Linhe district. The District People's government is located in Qingfeng East Street.

administrative division

By the end of 2010, Linhe district has jurisdiction over 10 streets, 11 towns and 3 townships: Tuanjie street, Chezhan street, Xianfeng street, Jiefang street, Xinhua Street, Donghuan street, Tienan street, Xihuan street, Beihuan street, Shuguang street, Langshan Town, Xinhua Town, ganzhaomiao Town, huangyangmu Town, wulantuk town, Longsheng Town, Xiaozhao Town, Shuanghe Town, Gucheng town and Chengguan town Town, bainaobao Town, Bayi Township, Danda Township, wulannaoer township; Langshan farm, Linhe farm.

Demographic situation

By the end of 2013, the permanent population of Linhe district was 549300, including 360600 urban residents and 188700 rural residents.

geographical environment

Location context

Linhe is located in the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the North Bank of the Yellow River, at the south foot of Yinshan Mountain, in the middle of Hetao Plain, and in the south of the Yellow River, the second largest river in China. The geographical coordinates are 107 ° 6 'to 107 ° 44' e and 40 ° 34 'to 41 ° 17' n.

topographic features

The whole area near the river is the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. The ground is open and flat. The terrain is slightly inclined from southwest to northeast, with an altitude of 1209-1045 meters. The cultivated land near the river covers an area of 75761 hectares, accounting for 54.4% of the total area. The rest are pastures, sand dunes, forests and lakes. Linhe is rich in groundwater resources, with an average depth of 1.6m to 2.2m. The groundwater is mostly fresh water, which is suitable for irrigation. The groundwater is mainly supplied by diverting water from the Yellow River for irrigation, with an annual water diversion of 1.2 billion cubic meters and an irrigation area of 1.595 million mu.

climate

Deep inland, it belongs to the mid temperate semi-arid continental climate, which is characterized by less cloud and fog, less precipitation, strong wind, dry climate, annual precipitation of 138.8mm, average temperature of 6.8 ° C, large temperature difference between day and night, long sunshine time, annual sunshine time of 3229.9 hours, which is one of the areas with the most sunshine hours in China. In the same period of light, heat and water, the frost free period is about 130 days, which is suitable for the growth of crops and pasture.

soil

Irrigated and silted soil is one of the main types of soil near the river, which is widely distributed. Between Baotou Lanzhou railway and shaanba Wuyuan highway is the concentrated area of irrigated and silted soil. There is a small amount of irrigated and silted soil in the south of the Yellow River flood dike and the north of the main drainage. The area of irrigated and silted soil is 1762727.22 mu.

The physical properties of irrigated and silted soil are as follows: the capacity of topsoil is 1.5g/cm2, the total porosity is 44.46%, and the groundwater depth is 0.7-2.7m. Its chemical properties are: pH 7-8.5, salt content 0.8%, total nitrogen 0.068%, available carbon 9.16ppm, available potassium 2.45ppm, organic matter 1.05%, carbon nitrogen ratio 8:8.9. The effective layer of irrigation silt soil is relatively thin, generally about 50 cm. Because of the Yellow River irrigation and cultivation fertilization, the irrigation effect layer is uniform, and the bedding is not obvious. In the irrigation effect layer, the content of humus is high, the structure is good, and it is easy to cultivate. It is the main cultivated soil near the river, suitable for a variety of crops, trees and grasses.

The types of irrigated and silted soil include meadow irrigated and silted soil, salinized irrigated and silted soil, irrigated and silted red soil, irrigated and silted two loess, irrigated and silted foam soil, irrigated and silted sandy soil, salinized red soil, salinized two loess, salinized foam soil and salinized sandy soil.

natural resources

water resource

The Yellow River is a transit River and the main source of surface water and groundwater. The annual average total runoff of the Yellow River is 36.72 billion cubic meters, and the flow is 847.3 cubic meters per second. The maximum flow is in August, and the minimum flow is from November to December. The flow in the largest month is 5-24 times of that in the smallest month. The Yellow River is the main source of irrigation. Yongji and Huangji main canals have been formed as the main irrigation network. The annual water diversion volume is 1.102 billion cubic meters, the total irrigation area is 1.0999 million mu, and the ditch area is 205100 mu.

In addition to the Yellow River irrigation network, there are also large and small lakes with a total area of 31000 mu, with water depth of 1-7m and pH value of 8-9.

Groundwater is abundant. The average burial depth is 1.6-2.2m, the deepest is below 2.5m in March, and the shallowest is 0.5-1m in November. The trend of groundwater is consistent with the terrain, from north to north. In the north, the buried depth is & lt; 1m, the aquifer thickness is 180m, and the unit water inflow is 5-10m3 / h; in the middle, the buried depth is & lt; 1.5m, the aquifer thickness is 150m, and the unit water inflow is 10-20m3 / h; in the south, the buried depth is & lt; 2m, and the unit water inflow is 10-20m3 / h. The shallow part of the groundwater is fresh water, which accounts for 71.65% of the total area with salinity of 3 g / L, 20.61% with salinity of 3-5 g / L, and 7.74% with salinity of 5-10 g / L. The deep part is mainly fresh water, salty water and semi salty water, mainly distributed in the ancient city, Yuandi and bainaobao areas. Groundwater supply mainly depends on the Yellow River irrigation, with annual leakage of more than 500 million cubic meters.

plant resources

In Linhe history, wheat and millet were the main grain and soybean crops, followed by barley, corn, sorghum, soybean, millet, broad bean and millet. Rice, cowpea, red bean, mung bean, pea, qiaomai and potato have been planted in different stages.

Economics

overview

In 2013, Linhe District achieved a GDP of 25.44 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.0%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 4.22 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.0%; the added value of the secondary industry was 12.95 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.7%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 8.27 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.6%. The ratio of three industrial structures has changed from 17:52:31 to 16:51:33. The per capita GDP is 46349 yuan.

primary industry

In 2013, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 7.19 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.5%; the added value was 4.22 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0%. The planting area of crops in Linhe district is

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