Yakeshi City, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Yakeshi Yakeshi City, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the middle of Hulunbuir city and the west slope of the middle ridge of Daxinganling. It is 352km long from north to South and 147km wide from east to west, with a total area of 27590km; it is the site of the key state-owned forestry administration bureau in Daxinganling, Inner Mongolia, and the political, economic, cultural, medical and transportation center of Daxinganling; Binzhou railway, Yalin railway, Suiman highway and National Highway 301 meet in the city. Fengguan ski resort is the largest multifunctional snow sports base in China. Yakeshi, transliterated from Manchu, means "fortress". Yakeshi is known as "the capital of China's forest industry, the capital of China's ice and snow", and the first batch of national forest health bases.

In December 2017, it was selected as the pilot county (District) of the national intellectual property project. In December 2018, it was awarded the National Climate symbol of "ice and snow city of China". In June 2020, it will be included in the list of the first batch of National Forest Rehabilitation bases.

Historical evolution

Yakeshi has a long history. Yakeshi is called zadun'ang'a in Sheng Jiu Tong Zhi, and yakesha is marked in the atlas of Chinese history. In the Neolithic period 6000 years ago, there were human activities in the Yalu and chuoer river basins.

Before Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Donghu. In the early Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu defeated Donghu and established a slavery regime under the jurisdiction of Zuoxian. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Tuoba area of Xianbei, which was hunted in the deep mountains and forests in the north of Daxinganling, moved to Daze (now Hulun Lake) to the south, which was the territory of Xianbei tribe. Sui Dynasty is the territory of Shiwei tribe in western Liaoning.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Shiwei dudufu, Hebei road. In Liao Dynasty, the area to the east of the Great Xing'an Mountains was under the jurisdiction of Zhaoyan on the Northeast Road of Shangjing Road, and the area to the west of the mountains was under the jurisdiction of the General Military Department of Wugu enemy lietong. Jin, Lingdong to Puhe road jurisdiction, Lingxi to Dongbei road Zhaozhao Department jurisdiction. In the Yuan Dynasty, the system of leading household enfeoffment was carried out. In the west of the Ling Dynasty, it was Hezhuo hasar fiefdom, and in the east of the Ling Dynasty, it was hechiwen erlechi fiefdom. In the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1288), the fiefdoms of the kings were incorporated into the provinces. In the west of the mountains, they were under the jurisdiction of Helin Road, in the north of the mountains, and in the east of the mountains, they were under the jurisdiction of Taining Road, in the central Book province. In the Ming Dynasty, the western part of the ridge was under the jurisdiction of nurgan Dusi's Hunan river Wei haici'er Qianhu, and the eastern part of the ridge was under the jurisdiction of Zhuoer River Wei.

In the Qing Dynasty, Lingxi was under the jurisdiction of Hulunbeier vice governor yamen, and Lingdong was under the jurisdiction of butha governor Yamen. In 1732, Suolun (Ewenki) and other ethnic groups moved from butha area in the east of Daxinganling to Hulunbeier grassland. They built eight banners on the left and right wings of Suolun, and four banners on the left wing were stationed at the border of Russia. The west of Daxinganling was under the jurisdiction of Suolun. In the same year, the Qing government strengthened border control and set up 10 stations (5 stations within the territory) from Qiqihar to Hulun. In 1903, the Middle East Railway was opened to traffic and 10 railway stations were built between Bahrain and Yakeshi. Since then, the population has gradually increased and gathered into villages.

In 1912, Lingxi was under the jurisdiction of Hulunbeier local autonomous government, and Lingdong was under the jurisdiction of Buxi Administrative Bureau. In 1920, Lingxi was under the jurisdiction of Daoyin office in Hulunbeier, and Lingdong was under the jurisdiction of xibutha office. In 1929, the west of the ridge was under the jurisdiction of Hulunbeier municipal preparatory office, and the east of the ridge was under the jurisdiction of Yalu county.

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Japanese invaders occupied Northeast China and established Manchukuo. The northeast is divided into 19 provinces, the west of Daxing'an Mountains in Yakeshi is under the jurisdiction of Xing'an North sub Province, and the east of Lingdong is under the jurisdiction of Xing'an East sub province. In 1934, the western part of the ridge was under the jurisdiction of Solen banner in North Xing'an Province, and the eastern part of the ridge was under the jurisdiction of butha banner in Antong province.

In 1936, Yakeshi street was set up in Sorun banner. In October 1945, after the surrender of the Japanese aggressors, Yakeshi street was delimited by solun banner and built under the jurisdiction of Hulunbeier autonomous government.

In August 1946, Yakeshi Street government, a people's democratic government under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, was established.

In May 1947, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous coalition government was established, with Hulunbeier League government in the West and wenmuren League government in the East. In April 1949, the east of the five ridges returned to butha banner of Nawen Muren League in Hulunbeier, and the west of the five ridges returned to solun banner.

On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was founded. On January 23, 1950, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided to set up the organizational system of xiguitu banner in order to meet the needs of forest development. Yakeshi street, zharomude District, Mianduhe District in the north of Suolun banner and Boketu, Balin, Yalu, chuoer districts in butha banner were designated as the administrative areas of xiguitu banner. The people's Government of xiguitu banner was stationed in Yakeshi street and subordinate to nawenmuren of Hulunbuir banner Alliance.

In October 1950, a dental floss area was set up.

In June 1952, four villages in chenbalhu banner, namely Nikolai, wuluxi, shawatu and maogaitu, were designated as xiguitu banner.

In April 1953, xiguitu banner was subordinate to the administrative office of the eastern region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

In August 1953, the Inner Mongolia Forest Industry Administration (now the Great Xing'an Mountains key state-owned forest administration) moved from Zhalantun to Yakeshi street.

In April 1954, xiguitu banner was subordinate to Hulunbeier League.

In 1958, Yakeshi street was changed into Yakeshi town.

In January 1955, the people's Government of xiguitu banner was renamed the people's Committee of xiguitu banner.

In October 1958, the people's Committee of xiguitu banner merged with the Daxinganling Forestry Administration Bureau of Inner Mongolia, and was called the people's Government of Daxinganling forest region of xiguitu banner. In August 1962, the people's Committee of xiguitu banner was established separately.

On January 1, 1961, Genhe, Haolibao, Niuerhe, Jinhe, derpur and other areas were classified as Erguna banner.

In December 1967, Xigui Tuqi Revolutionary Committee was established, which is subordinate to Hulunbeier League Revolutionary Committee.

In August 1969, xiguitu banner was incorporated into Heilongjiang Province with Hulunbei League. In July 1979, it was transferred back to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

In January 1980, Xigui Tuqi Revolutionary Committee was withdrawn and Xigui Tuqi people's government was established.

On October 10, 1983, with the approval of the State Council, xiguitu banner people's government was withdrawn and Yakeshi Municipal People's government was established. On January 1, 1984, the municipal system was formally implemented.

In 1984, Yakeshi town and muyuan people's commune were abolished and divided into six urban sub district offices dispatched by Yakeshi Municipal People's government. At the same time, on the basis of the original 10 towns, the new accounting houses, coalfields, wunur, Balin and thar gas towns were set up. Thus, Yakeshi city has jurisdiction over 6 sub district offices and 15 towns.

In October 2001, the State Council approved the abolition of Hulunbuir League and the establishment of prefecture level Hulunbuir city. Yakeshi city is subordinate to Hulunbuir city.

administrative division

Yakeshi city has 10 towns and 6 sub district offices.

Ten towns: Boketu Town, Mianduhe Town, wunur Town, chuoheyuan Town, tarqi Town, Muyuan Town, Wuerqihan Town, Kuduer Town, Tulihe Town, Yitulihe town;

Six sub district offices: Shengli sub district office, Hongqi sub district office, Xingong sub district office, Yongxing sub district office, Jianshe sub district office and Nuanquan sub district office.

geographical environment

Location context

Yakeshi city is located in the middle of Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia, on the west slope of the middle section of Daxinganling ridge, 47 ° 39 ′～ 50 ° 21 ′ N and 120 ° 28 ′～ 122 ° 29 ′ E. The city is distributed in the north and south along the main vein of Daxing'an Mountains, connecting Nenjiang River Basin in the East, Arong Banner and Olunchun Autonomous Banner in the East, Zhalantun city in the south, Erguna City, chenbalhu banner and Ewenki Autonomous Banner in the west, and Genhe City in the north. It is 352 kilometers long from north to South and 147 kilometers wide from east to west, covering a total area of 27590 square kilometers.

climate

The south of Yakeshi city belongs to the middle temperate zone, and the northern Tulihe town and Yitulihe town belong to the cold temperate zone, also known as the sub cold zone. The average temperature of Yakeshi city is - 4.4 ℃ - 0.4 ℃, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2378-2720 hours. Yakeshi city is characterized by rapid temperature rise in spring, drought and windy, large temperature difference between day and night, short and cool summer, concentrated precipitation, sharp temperature drop in autumn and early frost, long and cold winter, and the extreme minimum temperature in recent years is - 50 ℃ (Yitulihe Town, January 25, 2017). The annual precipitation of Yakeshi city is composed of two parts: the rainfall in winter and summer and autumn, with an average precipitation of 388.7-477.9 mm. In spring and autumn, westerly winds are prevailing in the region, easterly winds are prevailing in summer, and southwest westerly winds are prevailing in winter. The first frost usually appears in early September, often in the morning after cold air, and the last frost usually appears in early June.

hydrology

Yakeshi city has Nenjiang River and Erguna river systems, 4 large rivers and 206 tributaries, with a total flow length of 1073km and a water area of 720km2. There are 26 major rivers such as Yalu River and chuoer River in the south of Yakeshi City, and 67 major rivers such as Hailar River and Gen River in the north of Yakeshi city. The main rivers in Erguna River Basin are Tuli River, ituli River, kudur River, Dayan River and Hailar River. The main rivers in Nenjiang River Basin are Yalu River and chuoer river.

topographic features

Yakeshi city is located in the southern margin of the northern part of Daxinganling uplift, the third subsidence zone, Hailaer fault fold zone and Genhe sag zone. The city belongs to Zhongshan District, with the altitude of 900-1300 meters. The terrain is high from north to South and low in the middle. The Great Xing'an Mountains pass through the middle of the city in the direction of north to East, which is the natural watershed between Nenjiang river system and Erguna river.

natural resources

Biological resources

Up to 2008, there are more than 300 species of wild animals in Yakeshi city. There are more than 10 cold resistant tree species such as larch, birch and poplar. There are more than 2000 kinds of wild woody and herbaceous plants, and more than 40 kinds of wild vegetables all over the grassland. The main crops are rape, wheat, potato and so on.

There are not only Huangqi, Zhangshen and other valuable drugs

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