Dalate Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Dalate Banner Dalate (Mongolian means scapula) banner, formerly known as Ordos left wing rear banner. It is located in the southwest of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the north of Ordos City. It faces Baotou city across the Yellow River in the north, Dongsheng District in the south, Zhungeer banner in the East and Hangjin Banner in the West. With a total area of 8188 square kilometers, the flag governs 8 towns, 1 Sumu, 6 sub district offices, and the flag Committee and government are stationed in Shulinzhao town. The total population of the whole banner is 340000. With convenient transportation, Baotou Shenmu railway, national highway 210, national highway 109 and Baotou Dongsheng Expressway run through the banner, known as the "North Gate" of Ordos City.

In 2017, it won the honorary title of "National Garden County". In December 2017, he was elected as one of China's top 100 industrial counties (cities). In November 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 industrial counties (cities) in 2018. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019.

Historical evolution

Pre Qin Period

During the Neolithic period (7000-4000 years ago), people of Yangshao culture moved from Shaanxi and Henan to Erdos to reclaim wasteland and cultivate fields, which turned it into an agricultural area. Human remains of this period are all over the Ordos Plateau. There are many sites in Zhungeer banner, such as fenma, yaoziliang, Guandi, Yangwan, hejiashabei, zhangjiagedan and so on. At the late stage of Longshan Culture (more than 4000 years ago), the descendants of Laohushan culture in Daihai settled down in Ordos. At the same time, the cultural groups of the same period in southern Shanxi and Guanzhong and the later Qijia cultural groups in Qinghai and Gansu moved eastward to Ordos. At that time, the ecological environment of Ordos Plateau was changing from forest grassland to grassland environment, and the climate gradually became cold, which promoted the development of agricultural economy to semi-agricultural economy. The most representative cultural sites of this period are yongxingdian, Erliban and Dakou. Until about 3500 years ago, Dalate Banner, like other areas in Ordos, gradually changed into a social and economic state dominated by animal husbandry.

When the Central Plains entered the Bronze Age (i.e. Xia and Shang Dynasties), the Ordos Plateau also had bronzes almost at the same time. The use of bronze promoted the development of social economy, and the change of natural environment separated nomadic economy from agricultural economy. Since then, Ordos has become the hometown of nomads. At that time, the plateau was rich in forest and grass, and the forests were distributed in the north, East and south of the plateau, with a coverage of more than 50%.

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Zhungeer banner was mostly occupied by northern nomadic tribes, and sometimes had conflicts with the Central Plains.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it was a nomadic land of Hu Rong.

In 306 BC, Zhao defeated Linhu and Loufan and set up Jiuyuan County in the north of Ordos.

Qin and Han Dynasties

In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, and the northern area of Dalate Banner and Zhungeer banner belonged to Jiuyuan county.

In 127 BC, in order to manage the Huns who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty set up Wuyuan County in the northern area of Dalate Banner, Ordos, with Heyin, manbai and Gaoxing counties.

In 10 A.D., after Wang Mang usurped power, in order to control the present Ordos area, he changed Wuyuan County into Huojiang county.

In 50 ad, the Eastern Han Dynasty divided the present Ordos area into Shuofang County, Wuyuan County, Yunzhong County, Hexi county and Shangjun county. Wuyuan County governs the northern area of Dalate Banner and Zhungeer banner.

At the beginning of Liu Hong's accession to the throne of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 168), due to the impact of the peasant uprising, the Eastern Han Dynasty could not maintain its rule over the whole country. In 188, the southern Huns got rid of the jurisdiction of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ordos was opened as a nomadic land by the northern Huns, Wuhuan, Xianbei, Qiang and other ethnic minorities.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

In 589 ad, the Sui Dynasty set up Wuyuan County (Fengzhou was set up here in 585 AD) on the border of the present Dalate Banner and Hangjin Banner, and governed Jiuyuan County, Yongfeng County, Anhua County and Datong City.

After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty classified the Ordos area into guanneidao in 672 ad.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

In 916 ad, the Liao Dynasty set up Zhenwu army in the east of today's Zhungeer banner, Dalate Banner, Dongsheng District and Yijinhuoluo banner, and abandoned Shengzhou.

In 929 ad, in the north of today's Dalate Banner and Zhungeer banner, the southwest recruitment department (Zhitian German Army) was set up, under the jurisdiction of Fumin County and Zhenwu County; in the southwest of today's dalachi banner and the east of Dongsheng District, the Heqing army was set up. In 1271 ad, the Yuan Dynasty set Yunnei Prefecture and Dongsheng Prefecture on Datong Road, xuanweisi Road, Hedong Shanxi Road, Zhongshu Province, in the east of today's Jungar banner and Dalate Banner and Dongsheng District.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

Before the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, Ordos area was occupied by Taifu of the Yuan Dynasty, the Prime Minister of Zhongshu Zuo, and the king of Henan. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, he was driven out of Ordos, which was under the jurisdiction of Ming Dynasty. But soon, the Guyuan forces and Mongolian tribes entered the Ordos area one after another. In more than a century, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to attack many times, but it failed. After the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was built in the south of Ordos, the border was set up, and Ordos was ceded to the Mongolian army.

During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty (1426-1435), the forces of the Mongolian tribes gradually expanded southward, threatening the security of the northern part of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty also began to set up border towns and build border walls in the northern part of the Ming Dynasty, among which the Yansui border wall was built in the southern part of the Ordos Plateau. This wall starts from zichengyan, Dazhan village, Longkou Town, Zhungeer banner in the East, and ends in the northeast of Yanchi, Ningxia in the West. Since then, it has become the boundary between Ordos City in Inner Mongolia (formerly YIKEZHAO League) and Shaanxi Province.

In the 15th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, the 15th grandson of Genghis Khan and timuzhen of the Yuan Dynasty unified the Mongolian grassland once again and set up six ten thousand households; his third son, Bo Erjin balsborot (Alatan Khan, the second son of the leader of the Mongolian tumed tribe), was granted the leadership of the new Qinzhong grassland, and Erdos ten thousand households (New Qinzhong grassland) Original: jiziwan of the Yellow River (Ordos, Inner Mongolia), Dalate Banner was a part of Ordos, Inner Mongolia at that time.

In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635) of Qing Dynasty, the fifth grandson of boerzhijin · balsborote in Erdos led his troops to return to the Qing Dynasty. He was granted the title of eryuchen as zasak and junjue of jinduoluo, the left-wing central banner of Erdos in YIKEZHAO League.

In 1649, the Mongol Erdos tribes were divided into six zasak banners: the left wing Middle Banner of Erdos (the former county king, later merged with the front end banner of Erdos right wing to form the present Yijinhuoluo banner), the left wing front banner of Erdos (now Zhungeer banner), the left wing rear banner of Erdos (now Dalate Banner), the right wing Middle Banner of Erdos (now etoke banner) and Erdos (now Erdos banner) The former Ordos Right Wing Front Banner (now Wushen Banner), the latter Ordos right wing rear banner (now Hangjin Banner), and the latter Ordos Right Wing Front Banner (formerly zasak banner) were added. In the early Qing Dynasty, the princes of six banners (then six banners) of Erdos in Mongolia made their first alliance with Wang aizhao, the great temple of Tibetan Buddhism in the left-wing rear banner of Erdos (today's Dalate Banner of Erdos City). It is said that Wang aizhao was the largest Tibetan Buddhist temple in Mongolia at that time, so it was named YIKEZHAO alliance. It is also called Yimeng for short.

the Republic of China era

In the early years of the Republic of China, Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the provisional president of the Republic of China, announced that "the policies of the Qing government towards Mongolia's leaders will continue to take effect." So at that time, the government of each banner in Erdos was still decided by the Mongolian princes.

In August 1938, the CPC Baogu Working Committee was established in the north of Dalate Banner.

In 1939, the Kuomintang set up an organization and training office in erzihao, Dalate Banner.

In February 1947, the working committee of Yimeng was divided into Yidong Working Committee and Yixi Working Committee; in October, zhundai Working Committee was established.

On February 5 and July 24, 1948, Dongjun Working Committee was established and zhundao Working Committee was abolished.

On March 11, 1949, the working committee of Dalate Banner was established. On July 25, the YIKEZHAO League Committee of the Communist Party of China presided over the establishment of the Party committee of Wushen Banner, Etuoke Banner, Dalate Banner, Zhungeer banner, Dongjun Working Committee, Hangjin Banner, Taoli migrant Working Committee and tonggelang District Working Committee. In the same year, Ordos left wing rear banner was renamed Dalate Banner according to its common name.

After liberation

On May 1, 1950, the people's Government of Dalate Banner, YIKEZHAO League, was officially established, with jurisdiction over districts, townships, administrative villages (the pastoral area is called daergu) and natural villages (the pastoral area is called xiaodaergu).

administrative division

In 2000, Dalate Banner governed 9 towns, 13 townships and 1 Sumu.

In 2004, Dalate Banner governed 20 Sumu townships, including 1 Sumu, 10 townships and 9 towns. With a total population of 326000, there are 11 ethnic groups including Mongolian, Han, Manchu, Hui, Tibetan, Zhuang and Daur. The urban population is 95000, and the urban population density is 6333 per square kilometer; the rural population is 230900, and the density is 28 per square kilometer. (data source: Erdos 2005 Yearbook)

In 2005, the whole banner set up towns instead of townships, with 8 Sumu towns under its jurisdiction, including 1 Sumu town and 7 Sumu towns. It includes giggstai Town, bainijing Town, wangaizhao Town, Shulinzhao Town, Zhaojun Town, Engebei Town, Zhonghe West Town and zhandanzhao Sumu town.

Dalate Banner governs 6 streets, 8 towns and 1 Sumu: Industrial Street, Zhaojun street, Xini street, Baita street, Xiyuan street, Pingyuan street, Shulinzhao Town, bainijing Town, Zhonghe West Town, jigestai Town, wangaizhao Town, Zhaojun Town, Engebei Town, fengshuiliang town and zhandanzhao Sumu town. Flag government in Shulinzhao town.

geographical environment

Location context

Dalate is located in the southwest of the autonomous region, the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the north end of the Ordos Plateau. It is 133 kilometers long from east to west and 66 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 8188 square kilometers. Geographical coordinates: 109 ° 100 ″ - 110 ° 45 ″ e, 40 ° 45 ″ n

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu E Er Duo Si Shi Da La Te Qi