Yining City, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Yining Yining City (Uyghur: غۇلج㶋, Latin Uyghur: ghulja) is the prefecture level administrative capital of Ili Autonomous Prefecture, located in the northwest border of Xinjiang and in the center of Ili Valley basin. The geographical coordinates are between 43 ° 50 ′ - 44 ° 09 ′ N and 80 ° 04 ′ - 81 ° 29 ′ E. It is adjacent to Yining County in the East, Huocheng County in the west, Yili River in the south, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County across the river, and kegurqin mountain in the north. It is 509km away from Urumqi by air, 614km by railway and 702km by road. The highway mileage from northeast to Tacheng city is 830 km, and the highway mileage from northeast to Altay City is 989 km. The city center is 639 meters above sea level. The total area of the city is 761.34 square kilometers, 52.08 kilometers long from north to South and 35.5 kilometers wide from east to west.

Yining City now governs five townships, four towns, two fields and eight sub district offices, covering a total area of 755 square kilometers, with 37 ethnic groups including Uygur, Han, Kazak, Hui, Mongolian, Xibe, Uzbek and Russian.

Yining City, formerly known as Ningyuan, was founded in 1762. It was one of the nine cities of Ili in the Qing Dynasty. It was officially established in 1952 with the approval of the State Council. It is the capital city of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture and a national historical and cultural city.

In 2010, it was selected as one of China's ten livable small and medium-sized cities by Southern People Weekly, and successively won the titles of "China's excellent tourism city", "national garden city", "national historical and cultural city" and "national comprehensive pilot city of new urbanization". In December 2016, Yining city was listed as the first batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In June 2017, Yining city was named national health city. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019. In 2019, the city's permanent registered residence population was 582744 (excluding permanent residents).

In 2019, the GDP of Yining city will reach 27.29 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. On May 18, 2020, it will be selected as one of the top 100 cities (county-level) in 2020.

Historical evolution

Yining was called guleza in Qing Dynasty. From the Warring States period to the early years of Qin and Han Dynasties, it was once the settlement of the frontier fortress;

In 60 B.C. (the second year of shenjue, Xuandi of Han Dynasty), the central government of Han Dynasty set up the capital of the western regions. The western regions belonged to the territory of China, and Yining City became an integral part of China.

Later, after the eastern and Western Turks were pacified in the early Tang Dynasty, they were subordinate to Anxi capital and Beiting capital respectively;

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it belonged to the karahan Dynasty; in the Southern Song Dynasty, it belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty. After Genghis Khan's westward expedition, he was enfeoffed as a member of the Chagatai Khanate.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Mongolia's Junggar tribe dominated Moxi, and its political center was transferred to the Ili River Valley. Yining became the place where the four tribes of Junggar, Heshuote, duerbert and turhute lived;

At the beginning of the 18th century, Yili became the political and economic center of the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains, "a metropolis in the western border".

In the 56th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1717), cewang alabutan built gulezhadugang (Jinding Temple) on the North Bank of Ili, so Yining was also called "gulezha".

After the Qing government unified Xinjiang, Yili and other generals were set up in Huiyuan. From 1762 to 1780, Ningyuan City, Huining city and Xichun city were successively built in gulezha.

In 1871, Ningyuan was occupied by Tsarist Russia and returned to the motherland in 1881.

In 1888, Ningyuan county was set up; in the 22nd year of Guangxu, it was the residence of yita Daotai;

In 1914, it was renamed Yining County;

In 1917, it was the site of Yili Daotai;

In 1934, he was the resident of Yili reclamation envoy office;

In November 1944, it was the residence of the revolutionary interim government of the three regions of Ili.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China,

In May 1950, he was the resident of Yili Prefecture Committee and Yili Commissioner's office;

On May 23, 1952, Yining city was set up from Yining County. Yining city was the site of Yili District Party committee, Yili Prefecture Party committee and Yili Commissioner's office;

On July 31, 1953, Yining was a municipality directly under the central government of Xinjiang province;

In July 1955, it was changed into a municipality directly under the central government of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture.

In 1975, the prefecture and prefecture were set up separately, and the party and government organs of Yili Prefecture were moved to Kuitun city. Yining city was under the jurisdiction of Yili Prefecture,

In 1979, with the approval of the State Council, the party and government organs of Yili Prefecture moved back to Yining City, and the organizational system of Yili Prefecture was abolished. Yining city was directly under the central government of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture,

In January 1985, the organizational system of Yili District was restored, and Yining city was under the jurisdiction of Yili District,

In March 2001, the organizational system of Yili Prefecture was abolished again. Yining city was once again directly under the jurisdiction of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. Yining city was the seat of the CPC Committee of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, the people's Government of the prefecture, the division of Yili army of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, the headquarters of the fourth division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps and other central and autonomous regional units.

In August 2004, with the approval of the people's Government of the autonomous region, dadamutu Township and Panjin township of Yining County were entrusted to Yining City.

In June 2011, the whole administrative system of dairy farm in Yili Prefecture was managed by Yining City. By the end of the year, there were 8 sub district offices in the city, including sayibuyi street, dunmaili street, Yilihe road street, kazanqi street, dulaitibage street, qiongkerike street, ailanmubage street, Jiefang Road Street, bayandai Town, yingyeer Township, Hanbin Township, tashikerike Township, kaldun Township, tograk Township, kekebiyuzi Township, Panjin Township and dadamutu township Township, horticultural farm 8 Township 1 town, under the jurisdiction of 54 administrative villages, 98 community neighborhood committees, trusteeship dairy farm, real management horticultural farm.

On April 8, 2016, Panjin township of Yining city was officially established as a town, ending the 62 year history of township system.

On December 31, 2020, the Daihe irrigation area of dairy farm in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture within the administrative area of Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County will be under the jurisdiction of Yining City.

administrative division

In 2016, the city has jurisdiction over 8 streets, 4 towns and 5 townships

Saybuyi street, dunmaili street, Yilihe road street, kazanqi street, dulaitibage street, qiongkulek street, alanmubage street, Jiefang Road Street

Bayandai Town, Panjin Town, yingyeer Town, dadamutu Town

Hanbin Township, tashkulek Township, Haldun Township, toglak Township, kebokeyuzi Township, and Yining border economic cooperation zone.

geographical environment

Location context

Yining city is located in the northwest border of Xinjiang, in the middle of Ili Valley basin. The geographical coordinates are between 43 ° 50 ′ - 44 ° 09 ′ N and 80 ° 04 ′ - 29 ′ E. It is adjacent to Yining County in the East, Huocheng County in the west, Yili River in the South and Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County across the river, and kegurqin mountain, a branch of Tianshan Mountain in the north.

climate

Yining has a north temperate continental climate with four distinct seasons and abundant sunshine. The average annual temperature is 10.5 ℃, the coldest in January is 12 ℃, and the hottest in July is 22. 8 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 245.1 mm, the frost free period is 190 days, and the average annual sunshine is 3080.8 hours. In winter, the lowest temperature in urban areas is less than or equal to - 30 ℃, and the zone with an altitude of 850-1500 meters belongs to the inner warm zone (inversion layer), among which the shallow mountain zone with an altitude of 900-1200 meters is the most obvious. The average temperature in January is 4 ℃ higher than that in plain areas, which generally forms in early November and ends in early March of the next year. In spring, the temperature rises rapidly, but it is unstable. Because of the frequent invasion of cold air, the rising temperature is easy to drop sharply again. In late spring, it is cold once every two years. It is hot in summer. The extreme maximum temperature in plain area can reach 39 ℃ - 41 ℃. There is a stable hot period. The hottest month is July, and the average temperature is 22 ℃ - 23 ℃. In autumn, the temperature drops rapidly, and crops are vulnerable to cold wave and frost in early September due to the intensified cold air activities in the north.

hydrology

Surface water runoff mainly includes Yili River, Renmin canal, North Branch Canal, Tuanjie canal, beishangou and spring. The Yili river meanders from east to west along the south of the city, with a flow of 35.3 km in the city and more than 150 km in China, with a catchment area of more than 50000 square kilometers and an average annual runoff of 11.806 billion cubic meters.

natural resources

land resource

The main types of soil in Yining City are fluvo aquic soil, irrigated soil, and others are chernozem, chestnut soil, lime soil, subalpine meadow soil, meadow soil, swamp soil, etc. Among them, fluvo aquic soil and irrigated soil account for the vast majority of the city's soil area.

mineral resources

There are mainly coal, oil, gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel, lead, manganese, uranium, mica, crystal, asbestos, gypsum, etc.

Animal husbandry resources

Grassland area: the total area is 79000 hectares, and the usable grassland area is 72000 hectares. There are 28000 hectares of grassland in summer, 11000 hectares in winter and 39000 hectares in spring and autumn,. The spring and autumn grassland in the city is distributed between 700 and 3500 meters above sea level. The carrying capacity of spring and autumn grassland is 99000 standard livestock, that of summer grassland is 122400, that of winter grassland is 39000, and the utilization rate is 88%. The main types of grassland are semi desert grassland and grassland meadow grassland.

Livestock types: horses, donkeys, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, chickens, ducks, geese, economic animals are Ili red deer, minks, rabbits, water mice, marmots, etc. In 2010, the total number of livestock on hand at the end of the year was 201 000, an increase of 0. 1%。

Forestry resources

In 2010, the total area of forest land in the plain area was 5916.47 hectares, of which 4956.8 hectares were plantation, accounting for 83.78% of the total area of forest land; 959.67 hectares were national public welfare forest, accounting for 16.22%.

Economic forest: mainly apple