Tongshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Tongshan District Tongshan District, formerly known as Pengcheng County, belongs to Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and is named after Tongshan island in Weishan Lake. It is adjacent to Weishan County and Zaozhuang City in Shandong Province in the north, Yongqiao district and Lingbi County in Suzhou City in Anhui Province in the South and southwest, Pizhou City and Suining County in the East, and Xiaoxian County, Fengxian County and Peixian County in the West.

Tongshan district is located in the center of Huaihai economic zone. In ancient times, it was known as the "thoroughfare of five provinces". Today, it is convenient for highways, railways, waterways, aviation and pipelines to converge. Xuzhou high tech Zone in Tongshan district is the first national high tech Zone in Northern Jiangsu. There are Chuhe, Xuanshui lake, Luliang Mountain scenic spot, bajian spring, Pengzu hometown, Chuwang mountain Han tombs, Qianfo cave, Xuzhou Jiaoshan lake and other tourist attractions in the zone. There are Pengzu, Liu Yu, Li Yu, Zhang Zhao and other historical celebrities.

Tongshan district is the science and technology, communication and foreign trade center of Xuzhou, one of the core areas of Xuzhou megalopolis, and also the innovative pilot area of Jiangsu Province.

In 2019, Tongshan district's comprehensive strength ranks 28th in China's municipal districts, and continues to be the first in Northern Jiangsu, known as "the first district in Northern Jiangsu". In 2019, Tongshan District ranks 37th among the top 100 green development districts in China, 26th among the top 100 investment potential districts in China, 49th among the top 100 science and technology innovation districts in China, and 50th among the top 100 new urbanization quality districts in China. In August 2020, it was awarded the title of "four good rural roads" provincial Demonstration County in 2019.

Evolution of organizational system

Tongshan has a long history, Yao granted Zhuanxu descendant Zhen Keng (Pengzu) here, known as the great Peng Kingdom, more than 4000 years ago.

The great Peng Kingdom went through the Xia Dynasty and was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty at the end of the Shang Dynasty. The state of Lu was founded here in the Zhou Dynasty.

In the spring and Autumn period, Lu died in the Song Dynasty and became the capital of Pengcheng in the Song Dynasty.

In 573 BC, Chu and Zheng conquered the Song Dynasty, occupied Pengcheng and sealed the fish stone in Pengcheng. The next year, Lu and Jin surrounded Pengcheng and killed Yushi. Pengcheng returned to Song Dynasty.

In the 29th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (286 BC), Qi, Chu and Wei united to destroy Song Dynasty, and Pengcheng belonged to Chu.

In 221 BC, Qin unified the six states, implemented the system of prefectures and counties, and changed Pengcheng city into Pengcheng county.

After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang made his younger brother Liu Jiao king of Chu, established the state of Chu, and established the capital of Pengcheng. Since then, Pengcheng has been the capital of Chu and Pengcheng.

When Emperor Xiandi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao transferred Xuzhou governor department from Tancheng to Pengcheng. In the Three Kingdoms, Pengcheng belonged to Wei, and Cao Wei divided the world into 12 states.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, there were 19 prefectures and counties in China. The governor of Xuzhou ruled Pengcheng, and Pengcheng county was one of the seven counties of Pengcheng state in Xuzhou. In the seventh year of Yixi reign of emperor an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "Xuzhou" was established in Zhenjiang today, and the former Xuzhou was renamed "northern Xuzhou".

In 421, the second year of Yongchu reign of Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty, Xuzhou was changed to "South Xuzhou" by overseas Chinese, and "North Xuzhou" was changed to "Xuzhou" by northern Xuzhou. Pengcheng County led Pengcheng and other five counties. After the Northern Wei Dynasty occupied Huaibei, Xuzhou ruled Pengcheng and governed seven counties, including Pengcheng. Pengcheng county is one of the six counties in Pengcheng county. The Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty inherited the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In 583, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty abolished the county, and Pengcheng county was directly under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou. In 607, the state of Tongshan was divided into 19 counties. Pengcheng county was the first of the 11 counties led by Pengcheng county.

In the fourth year of Wude (621), Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, there were 10 roads in China, and Pengcheng County belonged to Xuzhou, Henan road. In 742, Xuzhou was restored to Pengcheng County, still under the jurisdiction of Pengcheng and other seven counties. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), suzong was changed to Xuzhou. During the Five Dynasties, it was still called Pengcheng County of Xuzhou.

In the third year of the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty (997), there were 15 roads in the whole country, which were divided into three levels: Road, line and county. Xuzhou belonged to Jingdong road and led Pengcheng county. In 1127, Song Shi moved to the south, Huaibei was occupied by Jin, and Pengcheng county was still under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou.

In Yuan Dynasty, there were 11 provinces and 185 roads. Xuzhou is located in Bianliang Road, Henan Province, leading Pengcheng, Xiao and YONGGU counties. In 1265, Pengcheng county was merged into Xuzhou, and Xuzhou was demoted to xiazhou, belonging to Bianliang Road, guide Prefecture, Henan Province. In the eighth year of Zhizheng reign of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty (1348), Xuzhou was promoted to the office of general manager, also known as Xuzhou road. In the 13th year of Zhizheng reign, Xuzhou was changed into Wuanzhou.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Wu'an Prefecture was renamed Xuzhou, belonging to Zhongli prefecture (Fengyang prefecture). Hongwu 14 years (1381), Xuzhou Zhili capital (Nanjing). In the Ming Dynasty, Xuzhou was a Zhili Prefecture, which was equivalent to today's Xuzhou City and Jiawang District. It also had jurisdiction over four counties: Feng, Pei, Xiao and Dang.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 18 provinces, and Xuzhou belonged to Jiangnan Chief Secretary (province). Kangxi six years (1667), Jiangsu chief secretary. In 1733, Xuzhou was promoted to be a mansion and Tongshan County was added. Tongshan County was attached to Xuzhou mansion. It was named after Tongshan island in Weishan Lake at that time. After Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty established Tongshan County as the government in the old state, the first district of Tongshan was set up in Xuzhou City in 212 years after the victory of the Anti Japanese war. It can be seen that Xuzhou today is only a part of the ancient Tongshan County for thousands of years.

In 1911, Tongshan County was directly under Jiangsu Province. In 1914, the office of Xu Haidao Yin was located in Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province, and governed 12 counties including Tongshan County. In the 17th year of the Republic of China, xuhaidao, Tongshan and other eight counties were abolished, and they were directly under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province. In the 20th year of the Republic of China, Xuzhou administrative supervision district was set up to govern Tongshan County. In the 22nd year of the Republic of China, Jiangsu Province was divided into 13 administrative regions, of which 8 counties were originally under the jurisdiction of Xu. Except Suqian, they were all under the jurisdiction of the 12th administrative region. The inspector of the administrative region was concurrently supervised by the head of Tongshan County. After the fall of Xuzhou in May of the 27th year of the Republic of China, there were the Kuomintang Tongshan County Government, the Japanese puppet Tongshan County Government and the Anti Japanese Democratic county government in Tongshan. On February 19, 1939, the North China Government Affairs Committee announced that the first district of Tongshan County (Gulou, Quanshan, Yunlong District of today's Xuzhou City) would be set up as Xuzhou City. The first mayor of Xuzhou City was Zhang Yunsheng, the uncle of Zhang Boying's family. Since then, for the first time, Xuzhou has been independent of Tongshan County and has become a local power parallel to the county-level power, which is different from the city governing the county.

On December 1, 1948, Tongshan was liberated, with the establishment of Tongshan, pisui, Xiaosu and Tongbei counties and the suburbs of Xuzhou.

In April 1949, Tongshan County was under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou City, under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Tongbei county was subordinate to the taizao special district of Shandong Province. After the cancellation of the taizao special office in May 1950, Tongbei county was subordinate to the Tengxian special district.

In May, 1952, Tongshan County abolished it. In April 1953, Tongbei County, Huashan county and pisui county were abolished, and Tongshan County was restored on the basis of Tongbei County, which belonged to Xuzhou special district of Jiangsu Province.

In May 1960, Tongshan County was under the leadership of Xuzhou City. On June 25, 1962, Tongshan County returned to Xuzhou special district.

In March 1983, the new system of city governing county was implemented, and Xuzhou special district was abolished, and Tongshan County was subordinate to Xuzhou City.

In 2010, Tongshan County was changed into Tongshan district.

geographical environment

Location context

Tongshan is located in the northwest of Jiangsu Province, the center of Huaihai Economic Zone, between 116 ° 43 ′ - 117 ° 42 ′ E and 34 ° 01 ′ - 34 ° 35 ′ n. It is adjacent to Weishan County and Zaozhuang City in Shandong Province in the north, Suzhou City, Lingbi county and Xiao County in Anhui Province in the South and southwest, Pizhou City and Suining County in the East, and Fengxian County and Peixian County in the northwest.

Tongshan district is 64.5 km long from east to west and 61.5 km long from north to south, with a total area of 1877 square kilometers.

landforms

In the northwest and southeast of Tongshan District, there is a yellow flood plain with flat terrain, vertical and horizontal rivers and flat countryside. The northeast, southwest and southeast part of the area are hilly areas, which are eroded residual hills on the southern edge of Yimeng mountain area. The Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north, and the abandoned Yellow River passes through the area from northwest to Southeast, which forms the geomorphological characteristics of "three plains, three mountains, and one high beach of the old Yellow River".

The northwest, East and southeast parts of Tongshan district are plains. The alluvial plain under the abandoned Yellow River embankment in the southeast part is relatively flat, gently dipping from west to East. The ground elevation (taking the base level of the abandoned Yellow River as the level zero point) is about 30-28, and the ground slope is 1 / 10000. In the northwest and east plain, the ground elevation is about 39-27, and the ground slope is about 1 / 8000 from west to East.

The abandoned high beach of the Yellow River was formed by the flood of the Yellow River in history. The terrain is high and flat, 5-7 meters higher than the ground on both banks. From northwest to Southeast, the ground elevation is 45-35 meters, and the ground drops by 1 / 7000. The beach surface is 4-10 km.

There are more than 700 hills in Tongshan District, which are distributed in Northeast, southwest and Southeast. The elevation of the hill ranges from 50 to 200 meters, and the average slope is less than 9 degrees. It belongs to the southern edge of denuded hill in central and southern Shandong. It is characterized by: isolated mountain, small mountain, low hills, uneven, not into a mountain, mountain baseline elevation is generally 50 meters.

climate

Tongshan district is located in the Yellow River alluvial plain and low hills alternating zone, is a warm temperate humid and semi humid monsoon climate. The total annual solar radiation in Tongshan district is 119.4 kcal / cm2, the average sunshine hours is 2283 hours, the average precipitation is 868.6 mm, and the average frost free period is 210 days.

In China's climate atlas, it belongs to the south temperate zone of Shandong Huaihe region, which has the transitional nature of the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin. Its main characteristics are mild climate, sufficient light, abundant precipitation and four distinct seasons. The average annual temperature is 13.9 ℃, the coldest in January, the average monthly temperature is - 0.4 ℃, and the hottest in July, the average monthly temperature is 26.8 ℃.

In spring (March to May), the weather is mainly cold, dry and windy, and then it warms up quickly.

Summer (June to August) is hot and rainy.

Autumn (September to November) is cool and sunny.

Winter (December to February of the next year) is affected by cold air, and the cold weather with less rain is the main one.

hydrology

The main rivers in Tongshan district are Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal and waste Yellow River

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