Xia County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province

Xiaxian County, subordinate to Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, is located in the southwest of Shanxi Province, at the West foot of Zhongtiao, adjacent to Pinglu County in the south, Wenxi County and Yuanqu County in the north, Salt Lake District in the west, and Mianchi County in Henan Province across the Yellow River in the East, with a total area of 1352.6 square kilometers.

Xia County, known as Anyi in ancient times, is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. It was named after the capital of Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in China's slavery society. Zhongtiao Mountain is located in the east of the county, and mingtiaogang lies in the west of the county. Xiaxian county has a long history with 69 ancient cultural and revolutionary sites of historical, artistic and scientific value, of which 6 are listed as key cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province. During the war, 1258 outstanding sons and daughters died for their country. After liberation, Xiaxian became the first advanced county in North China to produce 100 Jin of lint per mu; in the 1990s, it made outstanding achievements in water-saving agriculture and was listed as the national prime minister's fund water-saving agriculture demonstration county.

In 2019, Xiaxian County governs 6 towns and 5 townships with a permanent population of 367931, realizing a GDP of 6.2187.9 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 2.225.5 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 961.7 billion yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 3.0312.4 billion yuan. The added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounts for 35.8%, 15.5% and 48.7% of the county's GDP respectively, and the per capita GDP is 1690% Eight yuan.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Xia County, known as Anyi in ancient times, was named after the capital of Xia Dynasty.

History of construction

Xia Yu divided China into nine states. Anyi belongs to Jizhou, which is the land of Hou state. In the 2nd century BC, Qi, the son of Yu of Xia Dynasty, built his capital here. Fan Wenlan's Compendium of general history of China recorded: "Qi gave up Yangzhai, moved west to Daxia, jiananyi.".

During the Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the state of Jin, where King Cheng of Zhou granted his younger brother Shuyu.

During the Warring States period, it was called Anyi.

After Han, Zhao and Wei divided Jin into three parts, Weisi ruled Wei, and the capital was Anyi.

Qin called Anyi County, which belongs to Hedong county and is the seat of the county.

Anyi county was set up in Han Dynasty, and the county government was in today's Yuwang city.

Three Kingdoms (Wei), Jin, inherited the old system, known as Anyi county.

In 428, the first year of Shenyi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, beianyi was established, and nananyi was set 20 kilometers south of Anyi. In 494, the county was moved to the east of beianyi County, 7.5 kilometers away. It was renamed Xia, which was the beginning of Xia County. It belongs to Hebei County of Qinzhou.

In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was changed into Anyi County, and the county government was in today's Yuwang city. In 496, the 16th year of emperor kaihuang of Sui Dynasty, Yuzhou was set up. In the early years of Daye, Yuzhou was abolished and the county was subordinate to Hedong county.

In Tang Dynasty, Hedong county was abandoned to Yuzhou county. Zhenguan seventeen years (643) to Jiangzhou. In the first year of Dazu (701), it was changed to Shanzhou and soon returned to Jiangzhou. In the first year of Zhide (756), it was renamed Yuyi. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), it was restored to Shanzhou.

Song Dynasty belongs to Shanzhou.

Jinzhenyou three years (1215) belong to Jiezhou.

The Yuan Dynasty still followed the old system.

Ming belongs to Pingyang Prefecture.

Qing Dynasty belongs to Zhili Jiezhou.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, the Prefecture was abolished and belonged to Hedong road; in 1930, the system of Dao was abolished and directly belonged to Shanxi Province; in 1937, it belonged to the seventh administrative region of Yuncheng; in 1942, Xiaxian Anti Japanese Democratic county government was established; at the end of 1943, the area north of Xiaxian Tongpu railway was designated as Jilu Anti Japanese Democratic county government; in 1933, Xiaxian Anti Japanese Democratic county government was established In the spring of 1944, Kangjie Anti Japanese Democratic county government (Kangjie County for short) was established in Nanhe village of Zhongtiao Mountain. The south of yaoxianqu was designated as Anxia office. In the winter of the next year, Kangjie county and Anxia office were abolished. In 1946, Jilu county was abolished and restored. It was under the jurisdiction of the third special office of Taiyue administrative region. In 1947, it was liberated and democratic government was established In December 1948, it was transferred to Luliang District of Shanxi Suiyuan border region; in 1949, it was transferred to Yuncheng district and Jinnan District.

In 1950, it belonged to Yuncheng special district; in 1954, it belonged to Jinnan special office; in October 1958, Xia County, Wenxi County and Jiangxian county were merged into Wenxi County, and the county government was located in Wenxi County; in May 1961, Xia County was restored; on May 21, 1970, it belonged to Yuncheng special office.

On October 31, 2000, Yuncheng City was built, and Xiaxian county belongs to Yuncheng City.

On September 7, 2018, the Shanxi provincial government officially approved Xiaxian county to withdraw from the "provincial poverty county" and announced to the public.

administrative division

In 2019, Xiaxian County governs 6 towns and 5 townships. Xiaxian people's government is located in Yaofeng town.

geographical environment

Location context

Xiaxian county is located in the southeast of Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, adjacent to Pinglu County in the south, Wenxi County and Yuanqu County in the north, Salt Lake District in the west, and Mianchi County in Henan Province across the Yellow River in the East. Its geographical coordinates are 111 ° 02 ′ - 111 ° 41 ′ E and 34 ° 55 ′ - 35 ° 19 ′ n, with a total area of 1352.6 square meters. Xiaxian county is located 2.5 kilometers west of Yaotai in Zhongtiao Mountain, 30 kilometers away from Yuncheng City, 398 kilometers away from Taiyuan city and 917 kilometers away from Beijing city.

geological structure

The strata in Xiaxian county are well developed, including Archean, Lower Proterozoic, Middle Upper Proterozoic and Mesozoic. The upper Tertiary and quaternary systems are all over the area, but the thickness is not large, and the thicker ones are mainly concentrated in the Pingchuan area at the foot of the mountain and the platform at the edge of the mountain. Xiaxian county is located at the edge of Yuncheng rift, and the main geological structure is Zhongtiaoshan piedmont fault zone. The fault zone is mainly located at the foot of the north slope of Zhongtiao Mountain, with an arc protruding from south to East, with a total length of about 120km. When it evolved into Cenozoic, it moved in reverse direction relative to the stress direction of Mesozoic, forming a new Yuncheng rift. In Late Cenozoic, the fault activity was relatively strong, characterized by the strong uplift of Zhongtiao Mountain, the strong decline of Yuncheng Basin, and the distribution of hot water along the fault. The area is 250-1583 meters above sea level.

topographic features

The landform of Xiaxian county can be divided into three parts: eastern mountainous area, central marginal mountain platform and Western rift basin. The terrain is high in the East and low in the west, which is divided into three regions: mountainous area, hilly area and Pingchuan area. The eastern mountainous area is distributed in the southeast of the county, with Zhongtiao Mountain as the main mountain, with a NE-SW trend. The terrain is high and steep, with more rocks and less soil, covering an area of 918 square kilometers, accounting for 69.4% of the total area. The central edge mountain platform is distributed between the mountainous area and the rift basin in the county, and most of them are loess hills, called Emei mountains. From south to north, mingtiaogang traverses the hills, covering an area of 130 square kilometers, accounting for 69.4% of the total area 8% of the total area; the Western rift basin is located in the northwest of the county, belonging to Yuncheng Basin. Sushui River and Qinglong River pass through Pingchuan District, with an area of 274 square kilometers, accounting for 20.8% of the total area.

Climatic characteristics

Xiaxian county is located in the warm temperate zone and belongs to the continental semi humid monsoon climate zone. The climate is mild. The annual average temperature is 12.8 ℃, the frost free period is about 205 days, and the annual sunshine duration is 2293.4 hours. In winter, it is dry and cold with less snow, and the average temperature is - 5 ℃; in summer, it is high temperature and high humidity, and the average temperature is 25.1 ℃; in autumn, it is often rainy, and the average temperature is 13.3 ℃; in spring, the temperature is very unstable, and the air is dry, and the average temperature is 12.9 ℃. The precipitation in summer accounts for 45%, in autumn 30% and in winter 5%.

Water system hydrology

Xiaxian county can be divided into three major water systems, namely, the tributary system of the Yellow River, the yaosiam canal system and the Sushui river system. There are 27 large rivers in total, including 5 directly into the tributaries of the Yellow River and 22 directly into the Sushui river through the yaosiam canal.

natural resources

water resource

Xiaxian county is rich in surface water and short of groundwater. The surface water resource is about 120 million cubic meters per year, the available surface water is about 49.317 million cubic meters, the underground water reserve is 86.7 million cubic meters, and the actual exploitation volume is 103.05 million cubic meters.

Surface water: there are many rivers in the territory, with a total length of 209 kilometers and a total flow of 120 million cubic meters. Among them, the Wushui river basin is 32.949 million cubic meters, and the Yellow River Basin is 88.45 million cubic meters.

Groundwater: the total reserve is 100.27 million cubic meters per year, divided into five areas: low mountain bedrock fissure water area, bedrock fissure karst water area, Yellow River hilly pore water area, piedmont inclined plain pore water area and shallow buried medium water rich area.

land resource

The total cultivated land area of Xiaxian county is 697000 mu, accounting for 34% of the total land area. Among them, the irrigated land is 363000 mu, accounting for 52% of the total cultivated land; the cultivated land in mountainous areas is 130700 mu, accounting for 18.8% of the total cultivated land; the cultivated land per capita of agricultural population is 2.2 mu. There are 2 soil types, 7 sub types, 22 soil genera and 61 soil species of cinnamon soil and meadow soil. Among them, the cinnamon soil area accounts for 76.4% of the total area, mainly distributed in the middle and low mountain area, hilly area and Front Mountain inclined plain area, with high terrain, uneven, shallow plough layer, low fertility and poor soil maturity; the meadow soil is mainly distributed in the Qinglong River and Wushui River alluvial plain area on the west side of mingtiaogang, with good soil conditions.

plant resources

There are more than 300 kinds of medicinal plants, fiber plants, tannin plants, starch and sugar plants, oil plants, aromatic plants and ornamental plants in Xiaxian county. Among them, there are more than 150 kinds of wild medicinal plants, mainly including Forsythia suspensa, Zizyphus jujuba, Huangling, Polygala tenuifolia, Cornus officinalis, Schisandra chinensis, xuebeizi, etc.; fiber plants mainly include reed, Vitex negundo, kudzu, silver grass, etc.; tannin plants mainly include Pinus tabulaeformis, Betula platyphylla, Quercus liaotungensis, etc.; starch and sugar plants mainly include Quercus, Castanea mollissima, Quercus, etc.; fruit plants mainly include pear, Begonia, hawthorn, etc The major oil plants are walnut, hazelnut, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Xanthium sibiricum, Ailanthus altissima, Prunus armeniaca, Ginkgo biloba, Toona sinensis and lacquer tree

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