Qushui County, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Qichui County, People's Republic of China City, Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Lhasa City jurisdiction, is located in the hinterland of Tibet, the lower reaches of the Lhasa River, the northern coast of the Yarlung Zangbo River, and is located in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley. Most of them are flat and belong to temperate semi-arid climate. The total area is 1680 square kilometers, with 1 towns and 5 townships. In 2018, 37290 people registered residence.

Qushui, known in Tibetan as "Jimai" in ancient times, means "the land where rivers meet". Since ancient times, Qushui has been a transportation hub connecting Lhasa with Shannan, Linzhi and Shigatse. It was founded in 1959. In 2016, Qushui county was listed as the second batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In October 2018, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region officially approved Qushui county to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties (districts).

In 2018, Qushui county completed a GDP of 1.687 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0% over the previous year at comparable prices. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county. On December 31, 2019, it will be selected as a typical county of rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China.

Historical evolution

Qushui is called "Jimai" in ancient Tibetan, which means "liushuigou".

At the beginning of the 7th century, it was called "Jigu Jiange" state (one of the 12 states in Tibet), with its center in Jiangcun village, nanmu Township, Qushui county. Its jurisdiction includes Qushui County, Naiqiong Township, duilongdeqing district and Liuwu new district. In the first half of the 7th century, after Songzanganbu unified the Tibetan Plateau and established a unified tuzhe regime, a new administrative organ was set up. The whole territory of Tubo was divided into five armies, under which there were two levels of military and political management organs, Dongdi and Yucan. Weiru, established in Lhasa today, has 10 Dongdi under its jurisdiction. Today, Qushui county is under the jurisdiction of Jimai Dongdi, led by the Wei family of Tubo. "Jimai" qianhufu also set up two "regional participation" in Qushui and Changbu to manage the civil and administrative affairs within its jurisdiction. Sequshui and Changbu are located in today's Qushui county and Caina Township respectively. In the prosperous period of Tubo regime, the Tubo royal family in Qushui built a palace here.

In the middle of the 9th century, civil strife broke out in Tubo, and Zanpu Dama was killed. His two princes, Weisong and Yundan, fought against each other for the throne. Yundan and his descendants occupied most of the territory of weiru, including the Lhasa River Basin. Most of Qushui was his territory, and some other areas belonged to the influence of some local nobles.

In the 13th century, after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the xuanzhengyuan was set up in the central government, the Prime Minister for national religious affairs and Tibetan administrative affairs, and the Marshal's office of the three routes xuanweishi situ was set up to manage Tibetan military and political affairs. At the same time, the central government supported the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism in Tibet to establish the local political power in Tibet, that is, the Sakya political power. The religious leaders of the Sakya sect also served as the leader of the "Marshal's office of Xuanwei Si Du" to manage the local affairs in Tibet. There are 13 wanhufu under the local power of Sakya, which are specifically responsible for managing and handling the military and political affairs of their respective places. Some areas under the jurisdiction of Qushui county are managed by wanhufu of caiba (known as "chaliba" in the Yuan Dynasty, which is located in Caigongtang village, Chengguan District, Lhasa City).

In the 1450's, Jiang Qu jianzan, the head of gamuzhuba sect and head of gamuzhuba wanhu in Tibetan Buddhism, attacked Sakya, overthrew the local power of Sakya, and established the local power of pamuzhuba with Naidong as the center. After the establishment of pamuzhuba local government, Jiangqu jianzan vigorously carried out the Zongxi system throughout Tibet, and established 13 local administrative organs at the Zongxi level, which was known as the "13 large" in history. Among them, Qushui is the "lunbuzi sect of Yasong Qushui", which is one of the 13 major schools. The name of "lunbuzi sect of Yasong Qushui" contains the meaning of "the place where the three rivers meet, the sect on the lofty top". "Yasong Qushui" means the confluence of the three rivers, which refers to the confluence of the Yarlung Zangbo River, Lhasa River, Qushui Qufu River, "lunbuzi" means the towering peak. After the establishment of Qushui, the chief executive of Qushui was appointed by the leader of pamuzhuba local government. In the first half of the 15th century, the Tibetan badisir regime, centered on today's Kaze, rose and occupied the former Tibetan area. Qushui was also under the jurisdiction of the Tibetan badisir regime.

In 1642, the fifth Dalai Lama, with the help of gushihan, the leader of Heshuote tribe of the Mongolian nationality who was stationed in Qinghai Province, established the local political power of gandanpozhang in Lhasa. Qushuizong was a local administrative organization under the jurisdiction of the local government of Tibet, and the local government of Tibet directly appointed the zongben. In the 29th year of Yongli (1675), the Regent losanginba set up the "snow row empty" organization in the snow city in front of the Potala Palace in Lhasa to manage the administration, public security and taxation of the "Snow" areas inside and outside the Potala palace wall and the 18 Zongxi in the suburbs. In today's Qushui County, jiangdui village, jiangmai village, nanmu village, Chabalang Township, JUNBA village, langjiegang village, Xierong village and niedang village in nanmu township are directly under the jurisdiction of xueliekong.

In the 1950s, the area under the jurisdiction of qushuizong was from duojiagang (jiangmai village, nanmu township) to Xiake (Xiake village, semei township), from Jiqu River (Lhasa River) to the junction of Nanmu Township and Qushui county. The jurisdiction includes Qushui Town, daga Township, Chabalang Township, chabala Township, nanmu Township, semai Township and Qinu township.

In March 1959, Lhasa Military Control Commission sent a working group to Qushui to carry out anti rebel reform. On April 8, the military management committee of Qushui Zong was established. On September 9, the people's Government of Qushui county was established. Based on the former Qushui sect, Xierong River, niedang River, nanmujiagang River, and semeiding village, yueque village and Xu village, which belonged to menkar River in Nimu, the people's Government of Qushui county has five districts, including Qushui District, niedang District, Caina District, daga district and semei District, with 17 townships. It is under the management of LaAi city. In September 1969, the county people's government was abolished and the county Revolutionary Committee, the provisional authority, was established. In October, revolutionary committees were set up in five districts and 17 townships of the county. In 1970, people's communes were set up in the whole county, with jurisdiction over 5 districts and 17 communes. In September 1979, the county Revolutionary Committee was abolished and the people's Government of Qushui county was restored. In December 1979, the Fourth People's Congress of Qushui County adopted a resolution to abolish the district Revolutionary Committee. In June 1980, the Revolutionary Committee of the people's commune was abolished and the people's commune management committee was established. In November 1984, the Township People's government was restored to replace the people's commune. In 1988, nine townships, one town and 114 administrative villages were established. In December 1988, the township was adjusted to 1 towns and 9 townships.

administrative division

By 2018, Qushui county has jurisdiction over one town and five townships: Qushui Town, daga Township, Caina Township, nanmu Township, nietang Township and chabala Township, with a total of 19 administrative villages and 133 villager groups. The county people's government is located in Qushui town.

geographical environment

geographical position

Qushui county is located in the southwest of Lhasa City, between 29 ° 14 ′ - 29 ° 36 ′ N and 90 ° 21 ′ - 90 ° 04 ′ e. it is located in the Qushui broad valley where the lower reaches of Lhasa River meet the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. It is adjacent to the Yarlung Zangbo River in the south, Langka county and Gongga County in the south of the mountain across the river, Nimu county and Dangxiong County in the West and northwest, and duilongdeqing County in the north and northeast . The county is 68 kilometers long from east to west and 39.75 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 1680 square kilometers. Qushui town is the economic and cultural center of the county, 65 kilometers away from Lhasa.

topographic features

Qushui county is located in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley, most of which are relatively flat. The southern slope of Nyainqentanglha mountain meanders 7 mountain streams with a length of 5-20 km, which flow into Lhasa River and Yarlung Zangbo River. The gullies form alluvial fan slopes of different sizes from high to low and from narrow to wide. The lowest elevation of the valley is 3501 meters, and the highest elevation of the peak is 5895 meters. The whole terrain is slightly higher in the East and West, and lower at the intersection of Lhasa River and Yarlung Zangbo River in the middle. A mountain range of Nyainqentanglha mountains runs north. Nyainqentanglha mountains stand in the middle of the Tibetan Plateau, about 600 kilometers from west to East, and it is connected to gangkukami in the West. It is the watershed of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River. At the same time, Tibet Autonomy is divided into three regions: Northern Tibet, southern Tibet and southeastern Tibet.

climate

Qushui county belongs to temperate semi-arid climate. According to the statistics of Lhasa meteorological station, the annual average temperature is 7.5 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 29.4 ℃, the monthly average maximum temperature is 22.5 ℃ (June), and the extreme minimum temperature is - 16.5 ℃. 2 ℃ (January). The average daily range is 14.5 ℃, the annual average relative humidity is 45%, the minimum relative humidity is zero, and the annual average precipitation is 4448mm. The maximum daily precipitation is 416 mm. The daily precipitation is mainly concentrated from May to September, accounting for more than 85% of the annual precipitation. The annual average evaporation is 2205.6 mm, which is about 5 times of the precipitation. The annual average sunshine hours are 3007.7 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 68%. With the increase of altitude, the temperature decreases (it is estimated that the temperature decreases by about 0.6 ℃ for every 100 meters above sea level). When the altitude of Lhasa meteorological station is 3648.7 meters to 4400 meters, the annual average temperature is below 0 ℃, the altitude increases, and the precipitation also increases relatively. When the altitude is above 4800 meters, most of them are snowfall; the annual average snowfall is 8.3 days, the maximum is 19 days, and the annual average hail days is 6.2 days, the maximum is 16 days, and the minimum is one day. It is affected by the Indian Ocean warm current in the South and Siberian cold current in the north

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu La Sa Shi Qu Shui Xian